4 Backward compatibility notes
5 ----------------------------
10 UI, Workflows & Features
12 * "git pull --rebase --verify-signature" learned to warn the user
13 that "--verify-signature" is a no-op when rebasing.
15 * An upstream project can make a recommendation to shallowly clone
16 some submodules in the .gitmodules file it ships.
18 * "git worktree add" learned that '-' can be used as a short-hand for
19 "@{-1}", the previous branch.
21 * Update the funcname definition to support css files.
23 * The completion script (in contrib/) learned to complete "git
26 * Messages that are generated by auto gc during "git push" on the
27 receiving end are now passed back to the sending end in such a way
28 that they are shown with "remote: " prefix to avoid confusing the
31 * "git add -i/-p" learned to honor diff.compactionHeuristic
32 experimental knob, so that the user can work on the same hunk split
35 * "upload-pack" allows a custom "git pack-objects" replacement when
36 responding to "fetch/clone" via the uploadpack.packObjectsHook.
37 (merge b738396 jk/upload-pack-hook later to maint).
39 * Teach format-patch and mailsplit (hence "am") how a line that
40 happens to begin with "From " in the e-mail message is quoted with
41 ">", so that these lines can be restored to their original shape.
42 (merge d9925d1 ew/mboxrd-format-am later to maint).
44 * "git repack" learned the "--keep-unreachable" option, which sends
45 loose unreachable objects to a pack instead of leaving them loose.
46 This helps heuristics based on the number of loose objects
48 (merge e26a8c4 jk/repack-keep-unreachable later to maint).
50 * "log --graph --format=" learned that "%>|(N)" specifies the width
51 relative to the terminal's left edge, not relative to the area to
52 draw text that is to the right of the ancestry-graph section. It
53 also now accepts negative N that means the column limit is relative
56 * A careless invocation of "git send-email directory/" after editing
57 0001-change.patch with an editor often ends up sending both
58 0001-change.patch and its backup file, 0001-change.patch~, causing
59 embarrassment and a minor confusion. Detect such an input and
60 offer to skip the backup files when sending the patches out.
61 (merge 531220b jc/send-email-skip-backup later to maint).
63 * "git submodule update" that drives many "git clone" could
64 eventually hit flaky servers/network conditions on one of the
65 submodules; the command learned to retry the attempt.
67 * The output coloring scheme learned two new attributes, italic and
68 strike, in addition to existing bold, reverse, etc.
70 * "git log" learns log.showSignature configuration variable, and a
71 command line option "--no-show-signature" to countermand it.
72 (merge fce04c3 mj/log-show-signature-conf later to maint).
74 * More markings of messages for i18n, with updates to various tests
75 to pass GETTEXT_POISON tests.
77 * "git archive" learned to handle files that are larger than 8GB and
78 commits far in the future than expressible by the traditional US-TAR
80 (merge 5caeeb8 jk/big-and-future-archive-tar later to maint).
82 * A new configuration variable core.sshCommand has been added to
83 specify what value for GIT_SSH_COMMAND to use per repository.
85 * "git worktree prune" protected worktrees that are marked as
86 "locked" by creating a file in a known location. "git worktree"
87 command learned a dedicated command pair to create and remove such
88 a file, so that the users do not have to do this with editor.
90 * A handful of "git svn" updates.
92 * "git push" learned to accept and pass extra options to the
93 receiving end so that hooks can read and react to them.
95 * "git status" learned to suggest "merge --abort" during a conflicted
96 merge, just like it already suggests "rebase --abort" during a
99 * "git jump" script (in contrib/) has been updated a bit.
100 (merge a91e692 jk/git-jump later to maint).
102 * "git push" and "git clone" learned to give better progress meters
103 to the end user who is waiting on the terminal.
105 * An entry "git log --decorate" for the tip of the current branch is
106 shown as "HEAD -> name" (where "name" is the name of the branch);
107 the arrow is now painted in the same color as "HEAD", not in the
110 * "git format-patch" learned format.from configuration variable to
111 specify the default settings for its "--from" option.
113 * "git am -3" calls "git merge-recursive" when it needs to fall back
114 to a three-way merge; this call has been turned into an internal
115 subroutine call instead of spawning a separate subprocess.
117 * The command line completion scripts (in contrib/) now knows about
118 "git branch --delete/--move [--remote]".
119 (merge 2703c22 vs/completion-branch-fully-spelled-d-m-r later to maint).
121 * "git rev-parse --git-path hooks/<hook>" learned to take
122 core.hooksPath configuration variable (introduced during 2.9 cycle)
124 (merge 9445b49 ab/hooks later to maint).
126 * "git log --show-signature" and other commands that display the
127 verification status of PGP signature now shows the longer key-id,
128 as 32-bit key-id is so last century.
131 Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
133 * "git fast-import" learned the same performance trick to avoid
134 creating too small a packfile as "git fetch" and "git push" have,
135 using *.unpackLimit configuration.
137 * When "git daemon" is run without --[init-]timeout specified, a
138 connection from a client that silently goes offline can hang around
139 for a long time, wasting resources. The socket-level KEEPALIVE has
140 been enabled to allow the OS to notice such failed connections.
142 * "git upload-pack" command has been updated to use the parse-options
145 * The "git apply" standalone program is being libified; the first
146 step to move many state variables into a structure that can be
147 explicitly (re)initialized to make the machinery callable more
148 than once has been merged.
150 * HTTP transport gained an option to produce more detailed debugging
152 (merge 73e57aa ep/http-curl-trace later to maint).
154 * Instead of taking advantage of the fact that a struct string_list
155 that is allocated with all NULs happens to be the INIT_NODUP kind,
156 the users of string_list structures are taught to initialize them
157 explicitly as such, to document their behaviour better.
158 (merge 2721ce2 jk/string-list-static-init later to maint).
160 * HTTPd tests learned to show the server error log to help diagnosing
162 (merge 44f243d nd/test-lib-httpd-show-error-log-in-verbose later to maint).
164 * The ownership rule for the piece of memory that hold references to
165 be fetched in "git fetch" was screwy, which has been cleaned up.
167 * "git bisect" makes an internal call to "git diff-tree" when
168 bisection finds the culprit, but this call did not initialize the
169 data structure to pass to the diff-tree API correctly.
171 * Further preparatory clean-up for "worktree" feature continues.
172 (merge 0409e0b nd/worktree-cleanup-post-head-protection later to maint).
174 * Formats of the various data (and how to validate them) where we use
175 GPG signature have been documented.
177 * A new run-command API function pipe_command() is introduced to
178 sanely feed data to the standard input while capturing data from
179 the standard output and the standard error of an external process,
180 which is cumbersome to hand-roll correctly without deadlocking.
182 * The codepath to sign data in a prepared buffer with GPG has been
183 updated to use this API to read from the status-fd to check for
184 errors (instead of relying on GPG's exit status).
185 (merge efee955 jk/gpg-interface-cleanup later to maint).
187 * Allow t/perf framework to use the features from the most recent
188 version of Git even when testing an older installed version.
190 * The commands in the "log/diff" family have had an FILE* pointer in the
191 data structure they pass around for a long time, but some codepaths
192 used to always write to the standard output. As a preparatory step
193 to make "git format-patch" available to the internal callers, these
194 codepaths have been updated to consistently write into that FILE*
197 * Conversion from unsigned char sha1[20] to struct object_id
200 * Improve the look of the way "git fetch" reports what happened to
201 each ref that was fetched.
203 * The .c/.h sources are marked as such in our .gitattributes file so
204 that "git diff -W" and friends would work better.
206 * Code clean-up to avoid using a variable string that compilers may
207 feel untrustable as printf-style format given to write_file()
210 * "git p4" used a location outside $GIT_DIR/refs/ to place its
211 temporary branches, which has been moved to refs/git-p4-tmp/.
213 * Existing autoconf generated test for the need to link with pthread
214 library did not check all the functions from pthread libraries;
215 recent FreeBSD has some functions in libc but not others, and we
216 mistakenly thought linking with libc is enough when it is not.
218 * When "git fsck" reports a broken link (e.g. a tree object contains
219 a blob that does not exist), both containing object and the object
220 that is referred to were reported with their 40-hex object names.
221 The command learned the "--name-objects" option to show the path to
222 the containing object from existing refs (e.g. "HEAD~24^2:file.txt").
224 * Allow http daemon tests in Travis CI tests.
226 * Makefile assumed that -lrt is always available on platforms that
227 want to use clock_gettime() and CLOCK_MONOTONIC, which is not a
228 case for recent Mac OS X. The necessary symbols are often found in
229 libc on many modern systems and having -lrt on the command line, as
230 long as the library exists, had no effect, but when the platform
231 removes librt.a that is a different matter--having -lrt will break
234 This change could be seen as a regression for those who do need to
235 specify -lrt, as they now specifically ask for NEEDS_LIBRT when
236 building. Hopefully they are in the minority these days.
238 * Further preparatory work on the refs API before the pluggable
239 backend series can land.
241 * Error handling in the codepaths that updates refs has been
244 * The API to iterate over all the refs (i.e. for_each_ref(), etc.)
247 * The handling of the "text=auto" attribute has been corrected.
248 $ echo "* text=auto eol=crlf" >.gitattributes
249 used to have the same effect as
250 $ echo "* text eol=crlf" >.gitattributes
251 i.e. declaring all files are text (ignoring "auto"). The
252 combination has been fixed to be equivalent to doing
253 $ git config core.autocrlf true
255 * Documentation has been updated to show better example usage
256 of the updated "text=auto" attribute.
258 * A few tests that specifically target "git rebase -i" have been
261 * Dumb http transport on the client side has been optimized.
262 (merge ecba195 ew/http-walker later to maint).
264 * Users of the parse_options_concat() API function need to allocate
265 extra slots in advance and fill them with OPT_END() when they want
266 to decide the set of supported options dynamically, which makes the
267 code error-prone and hard to read. This has been corrected by tweaking
268 the API to allocate and return a new copy of "struct option" array.
270 * "git fetch" exchanges batched have/ack messages between the sender
271 and the receiver, initially doubling every time and then falling
272 back to enlarge the window size linearly. The "smart http"
273 transport, being an half-duplex protocol, outgrows the preset limit
274 too quickly and becomes inefficient when interacting with a large
275 repository. The internal mechanism learned to grow the window size
276 more aggressively when working with the "smart http" transport.
278 * Tests for "git svn" have been taught to reuse the lib-httpd test
279 infrastructure when testing the subversion integration that
280 interacts with subversion repositories served over the http://
282 (merge a8a5d25 ew/git-svn-http-tests later to maint).
284 * "git pack-objects" has a few options that tell it not to pack
285 objects found in certain packfiles, which require it to scan .idx
286 files of all available packs. The codepaths involved in these
287 operations have been optimized for a common case of not having any
288 non-local pack and/or any .kept pack.
290 * The t3700 test about "add --chmod=-x" have been made a bit more
291 robust and generally cleaned up.
292 (merge 766cdc4 ib/t3700-add-chmod-x-updates later to maint).
294 * The build procedure learned PAGER_ENV knob that lists what default
295 environment variable settings to export for popular pagers. This
296 mechanism is used to tweak the default settings to MORE on FreeBSD.
297 (merge 995bc22 ew/build-time-pager-tweaks later to maint).
299 * The http-backend (the server-side component of smart-http
300 transport) used to trickle the HTTP header one at a time. Now
301 these write(2)s are batched.
302 (merge b36045c ew/http-backend-batch-headers later to maint).
304 * When "git rebase" tries to compare set of changes on the updated
305 upstream and our own branch, it computes patch-id for all of these
306 changes and attempts to find matches. This has been optimized by
307 lazily computing the full patch-id (which is expensive) to be
308 compared only for changes that touch the same set of paths.
309 (merge b3dfeeb kw/patch-ids-optim later to maint).
311 * A handful of tests that were broken under gettext-poison build have
314 * The recent i18n patch we added during this cycle did a bit too much
315 refactoring of the messages to avoid word-legos; the repetition has
316 been reduced to help translators.
319 Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
325 Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.8 in the maintenance
326 track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
329 * The commands in `git log` family take %C(auto) in a custom format
330 string. This unconditionally turned the color on, ignoring
331 --no-color or with --color=auto when the output is not connected to
332 a tty; this was corrected to make the format truly behave as
335 * "git rev-list --count" whose walk-length is limited with "-n"
336 option did not work well with the counting optimized to look at the
339 * "git show -W" (extend hunks to cover the entire function, delimited
340 by lines that match the "funcname" pattern) used to show the entire
341 file when a change added an entire function at the end of the file,
342 which has been fixed.
344 * The documentation set has been updated so that literal commands,
345 configuration variables and environment variables are consistently
346 typeset in fixed-width font and bold in manpages.
348 * "git svn propset" subcommand that was added in 2.3 days is
351 * The documentation tries to consistently spell "GPG"; when
352 referring to the specific program name, "gpg" is used.
354 * "git reflog" stopped upon seeing an entry that denotes a branch
355 creation event (aka "unborn"), which made it appear as if the
356 reflog was truncated.
358 * The git-prompt scriptlet (in contrib/) was not friendly with those
359 who uses "set -u", which has been fixed.
361 * compat/regex code did not cleanly compile.
363 * A codepath that used alloca(3) to place an unbounded amount of data
364 on the stack has been updated to avoid doing so.
366 * "git update-index --add --chmod=+x file" may be usable as an escape
367 hatch, but not a friendly thing to force for people who do need to
368 use it regularly. "git add --chmod=+x file" can be used instead.
370 * Build improvements for gnome-keyring (in contrib/)
372 * "git status" used to say "working directory" when it meant "working
375 * Comments about misbehaving FreeBSD shells have been clarified with
376 the version number (9.x and before are broken, newer ones are OK).
378 * "git cherry-pick A" worked on an unborn branch, but "git
379 cherry-pick A..B" didn't.
381 * Fix an unintended regression in v2.9 that breaks "clone --depth"
382 that recurses down to submodules by forcing the submodules to also
383 be cloned shallowly, which many server instances that host upstream
384 of the submodules are not prepared for.
386 * Fix unnecessarily waste in the idiomatic use of ': ${VAR=default}'
387 to set the default value, without enclosing it in double quotes.
389 * Some platform-specific code had non-ANSI strict declarations of C
390 functions that do not take any parameters, which has been
393 * The internal code used to show local timezone offset is not
394 prepared to handle timestamps beyond year 2100, and gave a
395 bogus offset value to the caller. Use a more benign looking
396 +0000 instead and let "git log" going in such a case, instead
399 * One among four invocations of readlink(1) in our test suite has
400 been rewritten so that the test can run on systems without the
401 command (others are in valgrind test framework and t9802).
403 * t/perf needs /usr/bin/time with GNU extension; the invocation of it
404 is updated to "gtime" on Darwin.
406 * A bug, which caused "git p4" while running under verbose mode to
407 report paths that are omitted due to branch prefix incorrectly, has
408 been fixed; the command said "Ignoring file outside of prefix" for
409 paths that are _inside_.
411 * The top level documentation "git help git" still pointed at the
412 documentation set hosted at now-defunct google-code repository.
413 Update it to point to https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html
416 * A helper function that takes the contents of a commit object and
417 finds its subject line did not ignore leading blank lines, as is
418 commonly done by other codepaths. Make it ignore leading blank
421 * For a long time, we carried an in-code comment that said our
422 colored output would work only when we use fprintf/fputs on
423 Windows, which no longer is the case for the past few years.
425 * "gc.autoPackLimit" when set to 1 should not trigger a repacking
426 when there is only one pack, but the code counted poorly and did
429 * Add a test to specify the desired behaviour that currently is not
430 available in "git rebase -Xsubtree=...".
432 * More mark-up updates to typeset strings that are expected to
433 literally typed by the end user in fixed-width font.
435 * "git commit --amend --allow-empty-message -S" for a commit without
436 any message body could have misidentified where the header of the
439 * "git rebase -i --autostash" did not restore the auto-stashed change
440 when the operation was aborted.
442 * Git does not know what the contents in the index should be for a
443 path added with "git add -N" yet, so "git grep --cached" should not
444 show hits (or show lack of hits, with -L) in such a path, but that
445 logic does not apply to "git grep", i.e. searching in the working
446 tree files. But we did so by mistake, which has been corrected.
448 * "git blame -M" missed a single line that was moved within the file.
450 * Fix recently introduced codepaths that are involved in parallel
451 submodule operations, which gave up on reading too early, and
452 could have wasted CPU while attempting to write under a corner
455 * "git grep -i" has been taught to fold case in non-ascii locales
458 * A test that unconditionally used "mktemp" learned that the command
459 is not necessarily available everywhere.
461 * There are certain house-keeping tasks that need to be performed at
462 the very beginning of any Git program, and programs that are not
463 built-in commands had to do them exactly the same way as "git"
464 potty does. It was easy to make mistakes in one-off standalone
465 programs (like test helpers). A common "main()" function that
466 calls cmd_main() of individual program has been introduced to
467 make it harder to make mistakes.
468 (merge de61ceb jk/common-main later to maint).
470 * The test framework learned a new helper test_match_signal to
471 check an exit code from getting killed by an expected signal.
473 * General code clean-up around a helper function to write a
474 single-liner to a file.
475 (merge 7eb6e10 jk/write-file later to maint).
477 * One part of "git am" had an oddball helper function that called
478 stuff from outside "his" as opposed to calling what we have "ours",
479 which was not gender-neutral and also inconsistent with the rest of
480 the system where outside stuff is usuall called "theirs" in
483 * "git blame file" allowed the lineage of lines in the uncommitted,
484 unadded contents of "file" to be inspected, but it refused when
485 "file" did not appear in the current commit. When "file" was
486 created by renaming an existing file (but the change has not been
487 committed), this restriction was unnecessarily tight.
489 * "git add -N dir/file && git write-tree" produced an incorrect tree
490 when there are other paths in the same directory that sorts after
493 * "git fetch http://user:pass@host/repo..." scrubbed the userinfo
494 part, but "git push" didn't.
496 * "git merge" with renormalization did not work well with
497 merge-recursive, due to "safer crlf" conversion kicking in when it
499 (merge 1335d76 jc/renormalize-merge-kill-safer-crlf later to maint).
501 * The use of strbuf in "git rm" to build filename to remove was a bit
502 suboptimal, which has been fixed.
504 * An age old bug that caused "git diff --ignore-space-at-eol"
505 misbehave has been fixed.
507 * "git notes merge" had a code to see if a path exists (and fails if
508 it does) and then open the path for writing (when it doesn't).
509 Replace it with open with O_EXCL.
511 * "git pack-objects" and "git index-pack" mostly operate with off_t
512 when talking about the offset of objects in a packfile, but there
513 were a handful of places that used "unsigned long" to hold that
514 value, leading to an unintended truncation.
516 * Recent update to "git daemon" tries to enable the socket-level
517 KEEPALIVE, but when it is spawned via inetd, the standard input
518 file descriptor may not necessarily be connected to a socket.
519 Suppress an ENOTSOCK error from setsockopt().
521 * Recent FreeBSD stopped making perl available at /usr/bin/perl;
522 switch the default the built-in path to /usr/local/bin/perl on not
523 too ancient FreeBSD releases.
525 * "git commit --help" said "--no-verify" is only about skipping the
526 pre-commit hook, and failed to say that it also skipped the
529 * "git merge" in Git v2.9 was taught to forbid merging an unrelated
530 lines of history by default, but that is exactly the kind of thing
531 the "--rejoin" mode of "git subtree" (in contrib/) wants to do.
532 "git subtree" has been taught to use the "--allow-unrelated-histories"
533 option to override the default.
535 * The build procedure for "git persistent-https" helper (in contrib/)
536 has been updated so that it can be built with more recent versions
539 * There is an optimization used in "git diff $treeA $treeB" to borrow
540 an already checked-out copy in the working tree when it is known to
541 be the same as the blob being compared, expecting that open/mmap of
542 such a file is faster than reading it from the object store, which
543 involves inflating and applying delta. This however kicked in even
544 when the checked-out copy needs to go through the convert-to-git
545 conversion (including the clean filter), which defeats the whole
546 point of the optimization. The optimization has been disabled when
547 the conversion is necessary.
549 * "git -c grep.patternType=extended log --basic-regexp" misbehaved
550 because the internal API to access the grep machinery was not
553 * Windows port was failing some tests in t4130, due to the lack of
554 inum in the returned values by its lstat(2) emulation.
556 * The reflog output format is documented better, and a new format
557 --date=unix to report the seconds-since-epoch (without timezone)
559 (merge 442f6fd jk/reflog-date later to maint).
561 * "git difftool <paths>..." started in a subdirectory failed to
562 interpret the paths relative to that directory, which has been
565 * The characters in the label shown for tags/refs for commits in
566 "gitweb" output are now properly escaped for proper HTML output.
568 * FreeBSD can lie when asked mtime of a directory, which made the
569 untracked cache code to fall back to a slow-path, which in turn
570 caused tests in t7063 to fail because it wanted to verify the
571 behaviour of the fast-path.
573 * Squelch compiler warnings for nedmalloc (in compat/) library.
575 * A small memory leak in the command line parsing of "git blame"
578 * The API documentation for hashmap was unclear if hashmap_entry
579 can be safely discarded without any other consideration. State
580 that it is safe to do so.
582 * Not-so-recent rewrite of "git am" that started making internal
583 calls into the commit machinery had an unintended regression, in
584 that no matter how many seconds it took to apply many patches, the
585 resulting committer timestamp for the resulting commits were all
588 * "git push --force-with-lease" already had enough logic to allow
589 ensuring that such a push results in creation of a ref (i.e. the
590 receiving end did not have another push from sideways that would be
591 discarded by our force-pushing), but didn't expose this possibility
592 to the users. It does so now.
593 (merge 9eed4f3 jk/push-force-with-lease-creation later to maint).
595 * The mechanism to limit the pack window memory size, when packing is
596 done using multiple threads (which is the default), is per-thread,
597 but this was not documented clearly.
598 (merge 954176c ms/document-pack-window-memory-is-per-thread later to maint).
600 * "import-tars" fast-import script (in contrib/) used to ignore a
601 hardlink target and replaced it with an empty file, which has been
602 corrected to record the same blob as the other file the hardlink is
604 (merge 04e0869 js/import-tars-hardlinks later to maint).
606 * "git mv dir non-existing-dir/" did not work in some environments
607 the same way as existing mainstream platforms. The code now moves
608 "dir" to "non-existing-dir", without relying on rename("A", "B/")
609 that strips the trailing slash of '/'.
610 (merge 189d035 js/mv-dir-to-new-directory later to maint).
612 * The "t/" hierarchy is prone to get an unusual pathname; "make test"
613 has been taught to make sure they do not contain paths that cannot
614 be checked out on Windows (and the mechanism can be reusable to
615 catch pathnames that are not portable to other platforms as need
617 (merge c2cafd3 js/test-lint-pathname later to maint).
619 * When "git merge-recursive" works on history with many criss-cross
620 merges in "verbose" mode, the names the command assigns to the
621 virtual merge bases could have overwritten each other by unintended
622 reuse of the same piece of memory.
623 (merge 5447a76 rs/pull-signed-tag later to maint).
625 * "git checkout --detach <branch>" used to give the same advice
626 message as that is issued when "git checkout <tag>" (or anything
627 that is not a branch name) is given, but asking with "--detach" is
628 an explicit enough sign that the user knows what is going on. The
629 advice message has been squelched in this case.
630 (merge 779b88a sb/checkout-explit-detach-no-advice later to maint).
632 * "git difftool" by default ignores the error exit from the backend
633 commands it spawns, because often they signal that they found
634 differences by exiting with a non-zero status code just like "diff"
635 does; the exit status codes 126 and above however are special in
636 that they are used to signal that the command is not executable,
637 does not exist, or killed by a signal. "git difftool" has been
638 taught to notice these exit status codes.
639 (merge 45a4f5d jk/difftool-command-not-found later to maint).
641 * On Windows, help.browser configuration variable used to be ignored,
642 which has been corrected.
643 (merge 6db5967 js/no-html-bypass-on-windows later to maint).
645 * The "git -c var[=val] cmd" facility to append a configuration
646 variable definition at the end of the search order was described in
647 git(1) manual page, but not in git-config(1), which was more likely
648 place for people to look for when they ask "can I make a one-shot
649 override, and if so how?"
650 (merge ae1f709 dg/document-git-c-in-git-config-doc later to maint).
652 * The tempfile (hence its user lockfile) API lets the caller to open
653 a file descriptor to a temporary file, write into it and then
654 finalize it by first closing the filehandle and then either
655 removing or renaming the temporary file. When the process spawns a
656 subprocess after obtaining the file descriptor, and if the
657 subprocess has not exited when the attempt to remove or rename is
658 made, the last step fails on Windows, because the subprocess has
659 the file descriptor still open. Open tempfile with O_CLOEXEC flag
660 to avoid this (on Windows, this is mapped to O_NOINHERIT).
661 (merge 05d1ed6 bw/mingw-avoid-inheriting-fd-to-lockfile later to maint).
663 * Other minor clean-ups and documentation updates
664 (merge 02a8cfa rs/merge-add-strategies-simplification later to maint).
665 (merge af4941d rs/merge-recursive-string-list-init later to maint).
666 (merge 1eb47f1 rs/use-strbuf-add-unique-abbrev later to maint).
667 (merge ddd0bfa jk/tighten-alloc later to maint).
668 (merge ecf30b2 rs/mailinfo-lib later to maint).
669 (merge 0eb75ce sg/reflog-past-root later to maint).
670 (merge 175d38c hv/doc-commit-reference-style later to maint).
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