6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
19 include::rev-list-description.txt[]
21 The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
22 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
23 the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
24 each commit introduces are shown.
31 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
32 (works only for a single file).
35 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
36 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
37 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
38 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
39 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
40 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
41 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
42 shown. The default option is 'short'.
44 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
45 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
46 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
47 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
48 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
49 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
50 `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
51 the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
52 override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
55 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
60 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
61 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
62 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
65 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
66 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
67 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
68 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
69 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
71 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
72 produced by `--stat`, etc.
75 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
76 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
77 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
78 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
80 include::line-range-options.txt[]
83 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
84 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
85 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
86 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
87 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
88 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
89 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
92 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
93 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
94 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
97 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
98 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
100 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
102 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
107 By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
108 below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
110 Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short
111 `-m`, `-c`, and `--cc` options) is explicitly given, merge commits
112 will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
113 selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception
114 is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is
118 :diff-merges-default: `off`
119 include::diff-options.txt[]
121 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
125 `git log --no-merges`::
127 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
129 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
131 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
132 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
134 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
136 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
137 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
140 `git log --name-status release..test`::
142 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
143 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
144 each commit modifies.
146 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
148 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
149 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
152 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
154 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
155 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
158 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
160 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
161 repository master branches.
163 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
165 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
166 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
167 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
168 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
169 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
171 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
173 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
178 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
188 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
189 for settings related to diff generation.
192 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
193 Defaults to `medium`.
195 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
196 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
197 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
201 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
202 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
203 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
205 If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
206 "foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
210 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
211 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
212 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
213 on non-linear history.
216 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
217 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
218 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
219 The default is `true`.
222 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
223 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
226 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
229 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
230 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
231 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
232 linkgit:git-notes[1].
234 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
235 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
236 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
238 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
239 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
240 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
244 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite