1 gitrepository-layout(5)
2 =======================
6 gitrepository-layout - Git Repository Layout
15 A Git repository comes in two different flavours:
17 * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree;
19 * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository
20 (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
21 exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
24 *Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of
25 your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real
26 directory that has the repository. This mechanism is often used for
27 a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
28 containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not
29 have the submodule. The `checkout` has to remove the entire
30 submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.
32 These things may exist in a Git repository.
35 Object store associated with this repository. Usually
36 an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
37 that are referred to by an object found in it are also
38 found in it), but there are a few ways to violate it.
40 . You could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
41 by creating a shallow clone. See linkgit:git-clone[1].
42 . You could be using the `objects/info/alternates` or
43 `$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` mechanisms to 'borrow'
44 objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind
45 of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
46 use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
47 `objects/info/alternates` points at the object stores it
50 This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
51 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/objects" will be used instead.
53 objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
54 A newly created object is stored in its own file.
55 The objects are splayed over 256 subdirectories using
56 the first two characters of the sha1 object name to
57 keep the number of directory entries in `objects`
58 itself to a manageable number. Objects found
59 here are often called 'unpacked' (or 'loose') objects.
62 Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
63 along with index files to allow them to be randomly
64 accessed) are found in this directory.
67 Additional information about the object store is
68 recorded in this directory.
71 This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
72 are available in this object store. Whenever a pack is
73 added or removed, `git update-server-info` should be run
74 to keep this file up to date if the repository is
75 published for dumb transports. 'git repack' does this
78 objects/info/alternates::
79 This file records paths to alternate object stores that
80 this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
81 line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
82 but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
83 will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
84 to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
85 alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
86 paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
87 is the same. See also 'objects/info/http-alternates'.
89 objects/info/http-alternates::
90 This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
91 this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
92 the repository is fetched over HTTP.
95 References are stored in subdirectories of this
96 directory. The 'git prune' command knows to preserve
97 objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
99 This directory is ignored (except refs/bisect and
100 refs/worktree) if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
101 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/refs" will be used instead.
104 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
107 records any object name (not necessarily a commit
108 object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
110 refs/remotes/`name`::
111 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
112 from a remote repository.
114 refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
115 records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
116 This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
117 maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
118 between repositories while grafts are not.
121 records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
122 and friends record in a more efficient way. See
123 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]. This file is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
124 is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/packed-refs" will be used instead.
127 A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
128 describing the currently active branch. It does not mean
129 much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
130 (i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
131 *must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
132 guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
133 (usually 'master'). It is legal if the named branch
134 'name' does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is
135 a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
138 HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
139 being a symref to point at the current branch. Such a state
140 is often called 'detached HEAD.' See linkgit:git-checkout[1]
144 Repository specific configuration file. This file is ignored
145 if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/config" will be
149 A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
150 to specify a URL to 'git fetch', 'git pull' and 'git push'.
151 A file can be stored as `branches/<name>` and then
152 'name' can be given to these commands in place of
153 'repository' argument. See the REMOTES section in
154 linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details. This mechanism is legacy
155 and not likely to be found in modern repositories. This
156 directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
157 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/branches" will be used instead.
161 Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
162 commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when
163 'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
164 default. To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
165 removed from the filename by renaming.
166 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about
167 each hook. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set
168 and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/hooks" will be used instead.
171 When multiple working trees are used, most of files in
172 $GIT_DIR are per-worktree with a few known exceptions. All
173 files under 'common' however will be shared between all
177 The current index file for the repository. It is
178 usually not found in a bare repository.
180 sharedindex.<SHA-1>::
181 The shared index part, to be referenced by $GIT_DIR/index and
182 other temporary index files. Only valid in split index mode.
185 Additional information about the repository is recorded
186 in this directory. This directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR
187 is set and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/info" will be used instead.
190 This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
191 available in this repository. If the repository is
192 published for dumb transports, this file should be
193 regenerated by 'git update-server-info' every time a tag
194 or branch is created or modified. This is normally done
195 from the `hooks/update` hook, which is run by the
196 'git-receive-pack' command when you 'git push' into the
200 This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
201 pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
202 from how the commit was actually created. One record
203 per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
204 listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
205 by a space and terminated by a newline.
207 Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
208 transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
209 for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
212 This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
213 exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
214 ignore file. 'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
215 'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
216 at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
219 Defines which attributes to assign to a path, similar to per-directory
220 `.gitattributes` files. See also: linkgit:gitattributes[5].
222 info/sparse-checkout::
223 This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
224 See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
227 Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
228 when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
229 'git pull' and 'git push' commands. See the REMOTES section
230 in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details. This mechanism is legacy
231 and not likely to be found in modern repositories. This
232 directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
233 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/remotes" will be used instead.
236 Records of changes made to refs are stored in this directory.
237 See linkgit:git-update-ref[1] for more information. This
238 directory is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
239 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/logs" will be used instead.
241 logs/refs/heads/`name`::
242 Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
244 logs/refs/tags/`name`::
245 Records all changes made to the tag named `name`.
248 This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used
249 and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See `--depth`
250 option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1]. This
251 file is ignored if $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set and
252 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/shallow" will be used instead.
255 If this file exists, $GIT_COMMON_DIR (see linkgit:git[1]) will
256 be set to the path specified in this file if it is not
257 explicitly set. If the specified path is relative, it is
258 relative to $GIT_DIR. The repository with commondir is
259 incomplete without the repository pointed by "commondir".
262 Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
265 Contains administrative data for linked
266 working trees. Each subdirectory contains the working tree-related
267 part of a linked working tree. This directory is ignored if
268 $GIT_COMMON_DIR is set, in which case
269 "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees" will be used instead.
271 worktrees/<id>/gitdir::
272 A text file containing the absolute path back to the .git file
273 that points to here. This is used to check if the linked
274 repository has been manually removed and there is no need to
275 keep this directory any more. The mtime of this file should be
276 updated every time the linked repository is accessed.
278 worktrees/<id>/locked::
279 If this file exists, the linked working tree may be on a
280 portable device and not available. The presence of this file
281 prevents `worktrees/<id>` from being pruned either automatically
282 or manually by `git worktree prune`. The file may contain a string
283 explaining why the repository is locked.
288 linkgit:git-clone[1],
289 linkgit:git-fetch[1],
290 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1],
292 linkgit:git-checkout[1],
293 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
294 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
298 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite