4 If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
5 is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
6 inserted before the 'Author:' line. This line begins with
7 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
8 separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
9 necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
10 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
11 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
14 There are several built-in formats, and you can define
15 additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
16 config option to either another format name, or a
17 'format:' string, as described below (see
18 linkgit:git-config[1]). Here are the details of the
25 This is designed to be as compact as possible.
58 AuthorDate: <author date>
60 CommitDate: <committer date>
71 Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
77 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
78 stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA-1s are
79 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
80 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
81 true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
82 simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
83 commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
84 `git log --raw`. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
89 The 'format:<string>' format allows you to specify which information
90 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
91 with the notable exception that you get a newline with '%n'
94 E.g, 'format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"'
95 would show something like this:
98 The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
99 The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
103 The placeholders are:
106 - '%h': abbreviated commit hash
108 - '%t': abbreviated tree hash
109 - '%P': parent hashes
110 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
112 - '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
113 or linkgit:git-blame[1])
114 - '%ae': author email
115 - '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
116 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
117 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
118 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
119 - '%ar': author date, relative
120 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
121 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format
122 - '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format
123 - '%cn': committer name
124 - '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
125 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
126 - '%ce': committer email
127 - '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
128 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
129 - '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)
130 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
131 - '%cr': committer date, relative
132 - '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
133 - '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format
134 - '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
135 - '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
136 - '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
139 - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
141 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
142 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
144 endif::git-rev-list[]
145 - '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
146 - '%G?': show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
147 "B" for a bad signature,
148 "U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
149 "X" for a good signature that has expired,
150 "Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
151 "R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
152 "E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
153 and "N" for no signature
154 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
155 - '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
156 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or
157 `refs/stash@{2 minutes ago`}; the format follows the rules described
158 for the `-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
159 given on the command line (so `git log -g refs/heads/master` would
160 yield `refs/heads/master@{0}`).
161 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector; same as `%gD`, but the refname
162 portion is shortened for human readability (so `refs/heads/master`
163 becomes just `master`).
164 - '%gn': reflog identity name
165 - '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
166 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
167 - '%ge': reflog identity email
168 - '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
169 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
170 - '%gs': reflog subject
171 - '%Cred': switch color to red
172 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
173 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
174 - '%Creset': reset color
175 - '%C(...)': color specification, as described under Values in the
176 "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1];
177 adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
178 enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
179 respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
180 terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
181 on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
182 - '%m': left (`<`), right (`>`) or boundary (`-`) mark
185 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
186 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
187 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
188 - '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
189 least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
190 Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
191 or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
192 Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
193 - '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
194 columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
195 - '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
196 respectively, but padding spaces on the left
197 - '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
198 respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
199 than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
200 - '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
201 respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
202 - %(trailers): display the trailers of the body as interpreted by
203 linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]
205 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
206 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
207 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
208 `git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
209 decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
212 If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
213 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
214 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
216 If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, all consecutive
217 line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
218 placeholder expands to an empty string.
220 If you add a ` ` (space) after '%' of a placeholder, a space
221 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
222 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
226 The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it
227 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
228 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
229 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
230 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
231 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
234 ---------------------
235 $ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
236 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
238 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
240 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
241 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
244 ---------------------
246 In addition, any unrecognized string that has a `%` in it is interpreted
247 as if it has `tformat:` in front of it. For example, these two are
250 ---------------------
251 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
252 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
253 ---------------------