6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
19 include::rev-list-description.txt[]
21 The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
22 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
23 the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
24 each commit introduces are shown.
31 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
32 (works only for a single file).
35 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
36 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
37 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
38 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
39 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
40 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
41 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
42 shown. The default option is 'short'.
44 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
45 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
46 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
47 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
48 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
49 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
50 `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
51 the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
52 override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
55 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
60 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
61 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
62 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
65 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
66 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
67 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
68 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
69 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
71 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
72 produced by `--stat`, etc.
75 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
76 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
77 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
78 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
80 -L <start>,<end>:<file>::
81 -L :<funcname>:<file>::
82 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
83 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
84 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
85 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
86 give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
87 <start> and <end> (or <funcname>) must exist in the starting revision.
88 You can specify this option more than once. Implies `--patch`.
89 Patch output can be suppressed using `--no-patch`, but other diff formats
90 (namely `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--shortstat`, `--dirstat`, `--summary`,
91 `--name-only`, `--name-status`, `--check`) are not currently implemented.
93 include::line-range-format.txt[]
96 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
97 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
98 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
99 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
100 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
101 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
102 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
105 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
106 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
107 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
110 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
111 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
113 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
115 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
120 By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
121 below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
123 Note that unless one of `-c`, `--cc`, or `-m` is given, merge commits
124 will never show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
125 selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception is
126 when `--first-parent` is in use, in which merges are treated like normal
127 single-parent commits (this can be overridden by providing a
128 combined-diff option or with `--no-diff-merges`).
131 With this option, diff output for a merge commit
132 shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
133 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
134 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
135 which were modified from all parents.
138 This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
139 patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
140 the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
141 one of them without modification.
143 --combined-all-paths::
144 This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to
145 list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has
146 effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only
147 useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either
148 rename or copy detection have been requested).
151 This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
152 regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
153 and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
154 the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
155 in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
156 brought _into_ the then-current branch.
160 Disable output of diffs for merge commits (default). Useful to
161 override `-m`, `-c`, or `--cc`.
164 include::diff-options.txt[]
166 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
170 `git log --no-merges`::
172 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
174 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
176 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
177 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
179 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
181 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
182 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
185 `git log --name-status release..test`::
187 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
188 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
189 each commit modifies.
191 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
193 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
194 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
197 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
199 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
200 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
203 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
205 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
206 repository master branches.
208 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
210 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
211 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
212 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
213 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
214 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
216 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
218 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
223 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
233 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
234 for settings related to diff generation.
237 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
238 Defaults to `medium`.
240 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
241 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
242 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
246 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
247 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
248 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
250 If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
251 "foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
255 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
256 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
257 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
258 on non-linear history.
261 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
262 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
263 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
264 The default is `true`.
267 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
268 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
271 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
274 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
275 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
276 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
277 linkgit:git-notes[1].
279 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
280 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
281 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
283 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
284 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
285 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
289 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite