commit-graph: write Bloom filters to commit graph file

[git] / commit-graph.c

#include "cache.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "git-compat-util.h"
#include "lockfile.h"
#include "pack.h"
#include "packfile.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "sha1-lookup.h"
#include "commit-graph.h"
#include "object-store.h"
#include "alloc.h"
#include "hashmap.h"
#include "replace-object.h"
#include "progress.h"
#include "bloom.h"
#include "commit-slab.h"

#define GRAPH_SIGNATURE 0x43475048 /* "CGPH" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT 0x4f494446 /* "OIDF" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP 0x4f49444c /* "OIDL" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA 0x43444154 /* "CDAT" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES 0x45444745 /* "EDGE" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES 0x42494458 /* "BIDX" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA 0x42444154 /* "BDAT" */
#define GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE 0x42415345 /* "BASE" */
#define MAX_NUM_CHUNKS 7

#define GRAPH_DATA_WIDTH (the_hash_algo->rawsz + 16)

#define GRAPH_VERSION_1 0x1
#define GRAPH_VERSION GRAPH_VERSION_1

#define GRAPH_EXTRA_EDGES_NEEDED 0x80000000
#define GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK 0x7fffffff
#define GRAPH_PARENT_NONE 0x70000000

#define GRAPH_LAST_EDGE 0x80000000

#define GRAPH_HEADER_SIZE 8
#define GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE (4 * 256)
#define GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH 12
#define GRAPH_MIN_SIZE (GRAPH_HEADER_SIZE + 4 * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH \
                        + GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE + the_hash_algo->rawsz)

/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
#define REACHABLE       (1u<<15)

/* Keep track of the order in which commits are added to our list. */
define_commit_slab(commit_pos, int);
static struct commit_pos commit_pos = COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(1, commit_pos);

static void set_commit_pos(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid)
{
        static int32_t max_pos;
        struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(r, oid);

        if (!commit)
                return; /* should never happen, but be lenient */

        *commit_pos_at(&commit_pos, commit) = max_pos++;
}

static int commit_pos_cmp(const void *va, const void *vb)
{
        const struct commit *a = *(const struct commit **)va;
        const struct commit *b = *(const struct commit **)vb;
        return commit_pos_at(&commit_pos, a) -
               commit_pos_at(&commit_pos, b);
}

static int commit_gen_cmp(const void *va, const void *vb)
{
        const struct commit *a = *(const struct commit **)va;
        const struct commit *b = *(const struct commit **)vb;

        /* lower generation commits first */
        if (a->generation < b->generation)
                return -1;
        else if (a->generation > b->generation)
                return 1;

        /* use date as a heuristic when generations are equal */
        if (a->date < b->date)
                return -1;
        else if (a->date > b->date)
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

char *get_commit_graph_filename(struct object_directory *obj_dir)
{
        return xstrfmt("%s/info/commit-graph", obj_dir->path);
}

static char *get_split_graph_filename(struct object_directory *odb,
                                      const char *oid_hex)
{
        return xstrfmt("%s/info/commit-graphs/graph-%s.graph", odb->path,
                       oid_hex);
}

static char *get_chain_filename(struct object_directory *odb)
{
        return xstrfmt("%s/info/commit-graphs/commit-graph-chain", odb->path);
}

static uint8_t oid_version(void)
{
        return 1;
}

static struct commit_graph *alloc_commit_graph(void)
{
        struct commit_graph *g = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*g));
        g->graph_fd = -1;

        return g;
}

extern int read_replace_refs;

static int commit_graph_compatible(struct repository *r)
{
        if (!r->gitdir)
                return 0;

        if (read_replace_refs) {
                prepare_replace_object(r);
                if (hashmap_get_size(&r->objects->replace_map->map))
                        return 0;
        }

        prepare_commit_graft(r);
        if (r->parsed_objects && r->parsed_objects->grafts_nr)
                return 0;
        if (is_repository_shallow(r))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}

int open_commit_graph(const char *graph_file, int *fd, struct stat *st)
{
        *fd = git_open(graph_file);
        if (*fd < 0)
                return 0;
        if (fstat(*fd, st)) {
                close(*fd);
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

struct commit_graph *load_commit_graph_one_fd_st(int fd, struct stat *st,
                                                 struct object_directory *odb)
{
        void *graph_map;
        size_t graph_size;
        struct commit_graph *ret;

        graph_size = xsize_t(st->st_size);

        if (graph_size < GRAPH_MIN_SIZE) {
                close(fd);
                error(_("commit-graph file is too small"));
                return NULL;
        }
        graph_map = xmmap(NULL, graph_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        ret = parse_commit_graph(graph_map, fd, graph_size);

        if (ret)
                ret->odb = odb;
        else {
                munmap(graph_map, graph_size);
                close(fd);
        }

        return ret;
}

static int verify_commit_graph_lite(struct commit_graph *g)
{
        /*
         * Basic validation shared between parse_commit_graph()
         * which'll be called every time the graph is used, and the
         * much more expensive verify_commit_graph() used by
         * "commit-graph verify".
         *
         * There should only be very basic checks here to ensure that
         * we don't e.g. segfault in fill_commit_in_graph(), but
         * because this is a very hot codepath nothing that e.g. loops
         * over g->num_commits, or runs a checksum on the commit-graph
         * itself.
         */
        if (!g->chunk_oid_fanout) {
                error("commit-graph is missing the OID Fanout chunk");
                return 1;
        }
        if (!g->chunk_oid_lookup) {
                error("commit-graph is missing the OID Lookup chunk");
                return 1;
        }
        if (!g->chunk_commit_data) {
                error("commit-graph is missing the Commit Data chunk");
                return 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

struct commit_graph *parse_commit_graph(void *graph_map, int fd,
                                        size_t graph_size)
{
        const unsigned char *data, *chunk_lookup;
        uint32_t i;
        struct commit_graph *graph;
        uint64_t last_chunk_offset;
        uint32_t last_chunk_id;
        uint32_t graph_signature;
        unsigned char graph_version, hash_version;

        if (!graph_map)
                return NULL;

        if (graph_size < GRAPH_MIN_SIZE)
                return NULL;

        data = (const unsigned char *)graph_map;

        graph_signature = get_be32(data);
        if (graph_signature != GRAPH_SIGNATURE) {
                error(_("commit-graph signature %X does not match signature %X"),
                      graph_signature, GRAPH_SIGNATURE);
                return NULL;
        }

        graph_version = *(unsigned char*)(data + 4);
        if (graph_version != GRAPH_VERSION) {
                error(_("commit-graph version %X does not match version %X"),
                      graph_version, GRAPH_VERSION);
                return NULL;
        }

        hash_version = *(unsigned char*)(data + 5);
        if (hash_version != oid_version()) {
                error(_("commit-graph hash version %X does not match version %X"),
                      hash_version, oid_version());
                return NULL;
        }

        graph = alloc_commit_graph();

        graph->hash_len = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
        graph->num_chunks = *(unsigned char*)(data + 6);
        graph->graph_fd = fd;
        graph->data = graph_map;
        graph->data_len = graph_size;

        last_chunk_id = 0;
        last_chunk_offset = 8;
        chunk_lookup = data + 8;
        for (i = 0; i < graph->num_chunks; i++) {
                uint32_t chunk_id;
                uint64_t chunk_offset;
                int chunk_repeated = 0;

                if (data + graph_size - chunk_lookup <
                    GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH) {
                        error(_("commit-graph chunk lookup table entry missing; file may be incomplete"));
                        free(graph);
                        return NULL;
                }

                chunk_id = get_be32(chunk_lookup + 0);
                chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);

                chunk_lookup += GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;

                if (chunk_offset > graph_size - the_hash_algo->rawsz) {
                        error(_("commit-graph improper chunk offset %08x%08x"), (uint32_t)(chunk_offset >> 32),
                              (uint32_t)chunk_offset);
                        free(graph);
                        return NULL;
                }

                switch (chunk_id) {
                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT:
                        if (graph->chunk_oid_fanout)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else
                                graph->chunk_oid_fanout = (uint32_t*)(data + chunk_offset);
                        break;

                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP:
                        if (graph->chunk_oid_lookup)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else
                                graph->chunk_oid_lookup = data + chunk_offset;
                        break;

                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA:
                        if (graph->chunk_commit_data)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else
                                graph->chunk_commit_data = data + chunk_offset;
                        break;

                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES:
                        if (graph->chunk_extra_edges)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else
                                graph->chunk_extra_edges = data + chunk_offset;
                        break;

                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE:
                        if (graph->chunk_base_graphs)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else
                                graph->chunk_base_graphs = data + chunk_offset;
                        break;

                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES:
                        if (graph->chunk_bloom_indexes)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else
                                graph->chunk_bloom_indexes = data + chunk_offset;
                        break;

                case GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA:
                        if (graph->chunk_bloom_data)
                                chunk_repeated = 1;
                        else {
                                uint32_t hash_version;
                                graph->chunk_bloom_data = data + chunk_offset;
                                hash_version = get_be32(data + chunk_offset);

                                if (hash_version != 1)
                                        break;

                                graph->bloom_filter_settings = xmalloc(sizeof(struct bloom_filter_settings));
                                graph->bloom_filter_settings->hash_version = hash_version;
                                graph->bloom_filter_settings->num_hashes = get_be32(data + chunk_offset + 4);
                                graph->bloom_filter_settings->bits_per_entry = get_be32(data + chunk_offset + 8);
                        }
                        break;
                }

                if (chunk_repeated) {
                        error(_("commit-graph chunk id %08x appears multiple times"), chunk_id);
                        free(graph);
                        return NULL;
                }

                if (last_chunk_id == GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP)
                {
                        graph->num_commits = (chunk_offset - last_chunk_offset)
                                             / graph->hash_len;
                }

                last_chunk_id = chunk_id;
                last_chunk_offset = chunk_offset;
        }

        if (graph->chunk_bloom_indexes && graph->chunk_bloom_data) {
                init_bloom_filters();
        } else {
                /* We need both the bloom chunks to exist together. Else ignore the data */
                graph->chunk_bloom_indexes = NULL;
                graph->chunk_bloom_data = NULL;
                graph->bloom_filter_settings = NULL;
        }

        hashcpy(graph->oid.hash, graph->data + graph->data_len - graph->hash_len);

        if (verify_commit_graph_lite(graph)) {
                free(graph);
                return NULL;
        }

        return graph;
}

static struct commit_graph *load_commit_graph_one(const char *graph_file,
                                                  struct object_directory *odb)
{

        struct stat st;
        int fd;
        struct commit_graph *g;
        int open_ok = open_commit_graph(graph_file, &fd, &st);

        if (!open_ok)
                return NULL;

        g = load_commit_graph_one_fd_st(fd, &st, odb);

        if (g)
                g->filename = xstrdup(graph_file);

        return g;
}

static struct commit_graph *load_commit_graph_v1(struct repository *r,
                                                 struct object_directory *odb)
{
        char *graph_name = get_commit_graph_filename(odb);
        struct commit_graph *g = load_commit_graph_one(graph_name, odb);
        free(graph_name);

        return g;
}

static int add_graph_to_chain(struct commit_graph *g,
                              struct commit_graph *chain,
                              struct object_id *oids,
                              int n)
{
        struct commit_graph *cur_g = chain;

        if (n && !g->chunk_base_graphs) {
                warning(_("commit-graph has no base graphs chunk"));
                return 0;
        }

        while (n) {
                n--;

                if (!cur_g ||
                    !oideq(&oids[n], &cur_g->oid) ||
                    !hasheq(oids[n].hash, g->chunk_base_graphs + g->hash_len * n)) {
                        warning(_("commit-graph chain does not match"));
                        return 0;
                }

                cur_g = cur_g->base_graph;
        }

        g->base_graph = chain;

        if (chain)
                g->num_commits_in_base = chain->num_commits + chain->num_commits_in_base;

        return 1;
}

static struct commit_graph *load_commit_graph_chain(struct repository *r,
                                                    struct object_directory *odb)
{
        struct commit_graph *graph_chain = NULL;
        struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct stat st;
        struct object_id *oids;
        int i = 0, valid = 1, count;
        char *chain_name = get_chain_filename(odb);
        FILE *fp;
        int stat_res;

        fp = fopen(chain_name, "r");
        stat_res = stat(chain_name, &st);
        free(chain_name);

        if (!fp ||
            stat_res ||
            st.st_size <= the_hash_algo->hexsz)
                return NULL;

        count = st.st_size / (the_hash_algo->hexsz + 1);
        oids = xcalloc(count, sizeof(struct object_id));

        prepare_alt_odb(r);

        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                struct object_directory *odb;

                if (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, fp) == EOF)
                        break;

                if (get_oid_hex(line.buf, &oids[i])) {
                        warning(_("invalid commit-graph chain: line '%s' not a hash"),
                                line.buf);
                        valid = 0;
                        break;
                }

                valid = 0;
                for (odb = r->objects->odb; odb; odb = odb->next) {
                        char *graph_name = get_split_graph_filename(odb, line.buf);
                        struct commit_graph *g = load_commit_graph_one(graph_name, odb);

                        free(graph_name);

                        if (g) {
                                if (add_graph_to_chain(g, graph_chain, oids, i)) {
                                        graph_chain = g;
                                        valid = 1;
                                }

                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (!valid) {
                        warning(_("unable to find all commit-graph files"));
                        break;
                }
        }

        free(oids);
        fclose(fp);
        strbuf_release(&line);

        return graph_chain;
}

struct commit_graph *read_commit_graph_one(struct repository *r,
                                           struct object_directory *odb)
{
        struct commit_graph *g = load_commit_graph_v1(r, odb);

        if (!g)
                g = load_commit_graph_chain(r, odb);

        return g;
}

static void prepare_commit_graph_one(struct repository *r,
                                     struct object_directory *odb)
{

        if (r->objects->commit_graph)
                return;

        r->objects->commit_graph = read_commit_graph_one(r, odb);
}

/*
 * Return 1 if commit_graph is non-NULL, and 0 otherwise.
 *
 * On the first invocation, this function attempts to load the commit
 * graph if the_repository is configured to have one.
 */
static int prepare_commit_graph(struct repository *r)
{
        struct object_directory *odb;

        /*
         * This must come before the "already attempted?" check below, because
         * we want to disable even an already-loaded graph file.
         */
        if (r->commit_graph_disabled)
                return 0;

        if (r->objects->commit_graph_attempted)
                return !!r->objects->commit_graph;
        r->objects->commit_graph_attempted = 1;

        if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD, 0))
                die("dying as requested by the '%s' variable on commit-graph load!",
                    GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD);

        prepare_repo_settings(r);

        if (!git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH, 0) &&
            r->settings.core_commit_graph != 1)
                /*
                 * This repository is not configured to use commit graphs, so
                 * do not load one. (But report commit_graph_attempted anyway
                 * so that commit graph loading is not attempted again for this
                 * repository.)
                 */
                return 0;

        if (!commit_graph_compatible(r))
                return 0;

        prepare_alt_odb(r);
        for (odb = r->objects->odb;
             !r->objects->commit_graph && odb;
             odb = odb->next)
                prepare_commit_graph_one(r, odb);
        return !!r->objects->commit_graph;
}

int generation_numbers_enabled(struct repository *r)
{
        uint32_t first_generation;
        struct commit_graph *g;
        if (!prepare_commit_graph(r))
               return 0;

        g = r->objects->commit_graph;

        if (!g->num_commits)
                return 0;

        first_generation = get_be32(g->chunk_commit_data +
                                    g->hash_len + 8) >> 2;

        return !!first_generation;
}

static void close_commit_graph_one(struct commit_graph *g)
{
        if (!g)
                return;

        close_commit_graph_one(g->base_graph);
        free_commit_graph(g);
}

void close_commit_graph(struct raw_object_store *o)
{
        close_commit_graph_one(o->commit_graph);
        o->commit_graph = NULL;
}

static int bsearch_graph(struct commit_graph *g, struct object_id *oid, uint32_t *pos)
{
        return bsearch_hash(oid->hash, g->chunk_oid_fanout,
                            g->chunk_oid_lookup, g->hash_len, pos);
}

static void load_oid_from_graph(struct commit_graph *g,
                                uint32_t pos,
                                struct object_id *oid)
{
        uint32_t lex_index;

        while (g && pos < g->num_commits_in_base)
                g = g->base_graph;

        if (!g)
                BUG("NULL commit-graph");

        if (pos >= g->num_commits + g->num_commits_in_base)
                die(_("invalid commit position. commit-graph is likely corrupt"));

        lex_index = pos - g->num_commits_in_base;

        hashcpy(oid->hash, g->chunk_oid_lookup + g->hash_len * lex_index);
}

static struct commit_list **insert_parent_or_die(struct repository *r,
                                                 struct commit_graph *g,
                                                 uint32_t pos,
                                                 struct commit_list **pptr)
{
        struct commit *c;
        struct object_id oid;

        if (pos >= g->num_commits + g->num_commits_in_base)
                die("invalid parent position %"PRIu32, pos);

        load_oid_from_graph(g, pos, &oid);
        c = lookup_commit(r, &oid);
        if (!c)
                die(_("could not find commit %s"), oid_to_hex(&oid));
        c->graph_pos = pos;
        return &commit_list_insert(c, pptr)->next;
}

static void fill_commit_graph_info(struct commit *item, struct commit_graph *g, uint32_t pos)
{
        const unsigned char *commit_data;
        uint32_t lex_index;

        while (pos < g->num_commits_in_base)
                g = g->base_graph;

        lex_index = pos - g->num_commits_in_base;
        commit_data = g->chunk_commit_data + GRAPH_DATA_WIDTH * lex_index;
        item->graph_pos = pos;
        item->generation = get_be32(commit_data + g->hash_len + 8) >> 2;
}

static inline void set_commit_tree(struct commit *c, struct tree *t)
{
        c->maybe_tree = t;
}

static int fill_commit_in_graph(struct repository *r,
                                struct commit *item,
                                struct commit_graph *g, uint32_t pos)
{
        uint32_t edge_value;
        uint32_t *parent_data_ptr;
        uint64_t date_low, date_high;
        struct commit_list **pptr;
        const unsigned char *commit_data;
        uint32_t lex_index;

        while (pos < g->num_commits_in_base)
                g = g->base_graph;

        if (pos >= g->num_commits + g->num_commits_in_base)
                die(_("invalid commit position. commit-graph is likely corrupt"));

        /*
         * Store the "full" position, but then use the
         * "local" position for the rest of the calculation.
         */
        item->graph_pos = pos;
        lex_index = pos - g->num_commits_in_base;

        commit_data = g->chunk_commit_data + (g->hash_len + 16) * lex_index;

        item->object.parsed = 1;

        set_commit_tree(item, NULL);

        date_high = get_be32(commit_data + g->hash_len + 8) & 0x3;
        date_low = get_be32(commit_data + g->hash_len + 12);
        item->date = (timestamp_t)((date_high << 32) | date_low);

        item->generation = get_be32(commit_data + g->hash_len + 8) >> 2;

        pptr = &item->parents;

        edge_value = get_be32(commit_data + g->hash_len);
        if (edge_value == GRAPH_PARENT_NONE)
                return 1;
        pptr = insert_parent_or_die(r, g, edge_value, pptr);

        edge_value = get_be32(commit_data + g->hash_len + 4);
        if (edge_value == GRAPH_PARENT_NONE)
                return 1;
        if (!(edge_value & GRAPH_EXTRA_EDGES_NEEDED)) {
                pptr = insert_parent_or_die(r, g, edge_value, pptr);
                return 1;
        }

        parent_data_ptr = (uint32_t*)(g->chunk_extra_edges +
                          4 * (uint64_t)(edge_value & GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK));
        do {
                edge_value = get_be32(parent_data_ptr);
                pptr = insert_parent_or_die(r, g,
                                            edge_value & GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK,
                                            pptr);
                parent_data_ptr++;
        } while (!(edge_value & GRAPH_LAST_EDGE));

        return 1;
}

static int find_commit_in_graph(struct commit *item, struct commit_graph *g, uint32_t *pos)
{
        if (item->graph_pos != COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH) {
                *pos = item->graph_pos;
                return 1;
        } else {
                struct commit_graph *cur_g = g;
                uint32_t lex_index;

                while (cur_g && !bsearch_graph(cur_g, &(item->object.oid), &lex_index))
                        cur_g = cur_g->base_graph;

                if (cur_g) {
                        *pos = lex_index + cur_g->num_commits_in_base;
                        return 1;
                }

                return 0;
        }
}

static int parse_commit_in_graph_one(struct repository *r,
                                     struct commit_graph *g,
                                     struct commit *item)
{
        uint32_t pos;

        if (item->object.parsed)
                return 1;

        if (find_commit_in_graph(item, g, &pos))
                return fill_commit_in_graph(r, item, g, pos);

        return 0;
}

int parse_commit_in_graph(struct repository *r, struct commit *item)
{
        if (!prepare_commit_graph(r))
                return 0;
        return parse_commit_in_graph_one(r, r->objects->commit_graph, item);
}

void load_commit_graph_info(struct repository *r, struct commit *item)
{
        uint32_t pos;
        if (!prepare_commit_graph(r))
                return;
        if (find_commit_in_graph(item, r->objects->commit_graph, &pos))
                fill_commit_graph_info(item, r->objects->commit_graph, pos);
}

static struct tree *load_tree_for_commit(struct repository *r,
                                         struct commit_graph *g,
                                         struct commit *c)
{
        struct object_id oid;
        const unsigned char *commit_data;

        while (c->graph_pos < g->num_commits_in_base)
                g = g->base_graph;

        commit_data = g->chunk_commit_data +
                        GRAPH_DATA_WIDTH * (c->graph_pos - g->num_commits_in_base);

        hashcpy(oid.hash, commit_data);
        set_commit_tree(c, lookup_tree(r, &oid));

        return c->maybe_tree;
}

static struct tree *get_commit_tree_in_graph_one(struct repository *r,
                                                 struct commit_graph *g,
                                                 const struct commit *c)
{
        if (c->maybe_tree)
                return c->maybe_tree;
        if (c->graph_pos == COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH)
                BUG("get_commit_tree_in_graph_one called from non-commit-graph commit");

        return load_tree_for_commit(r, g, (struct commit *)c);
}

struct tree *get_commit_tree_in_graph(struct repository *r, const struct commit *c)
{
        return get_commit_tree_in_graph_one(r, r->objects->commit_graph, c);
}

struct packed_commit_list {
        struct commit **list;
        int nr;
        int alloc;
};

struct packed_oid_list {
        struct object_id *list;
        int nr;
        int alloc;
};

struct write_commit_graph_context {
        struct repository *r;
        struct object_directory *odb;
        char *graph_name;
        struct packed_oid_list oids;
        struct packed_commit_list commits;
        int num_extra_edges;
        unsigned long approx_nr_objects;
        struct progress *progress;
        int progress_done;
        uint64_t progress_cnt;

        char *base_graph_name;
        int num_commit_graphs_before;
        int num_commit_graphs_after;
        char **commit_graph_filenames_before;
        char **commit_graph_filenames_after;
        char **commit_graph_hash_after;
        uint32_t new_num_commits_in_base;
        struct commit_graph *new_base_graph;

        unsigned append:1,
                 report_progress:1,
                 split:1,
                 check_oids:1,
                 changed_paths:1,
                 order_by_pack:1;

        const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts;
        size_t total_bloom_filter_data_size;
};

static void write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
                                     struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        int i, count = 0;
        struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;

        /*
         * Write the first-level table (the list is sorted,
         * but we use a 256-entry lookup to be able to avoid
         * having to do eight extra binary search iterations).
         */
        for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
                while (count < ctx->commits.nr) {
                        if ((*list)->object.oid.hash[0] != i)
                                break;
                        display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
                        count++;
                        list++;
                }

                hashwrite_be32(f, count);
        }
}

static void write_graph_chunk_oids(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
                                   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
        int count;
        for (count = 0; count < ctx->commits.nr; count++, list++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
                hashwrite(f, (*list)->object.oid.hash, (int)hash_len);
        }
}

static const unsigned char *commit_to_sha1(size_t index, void *table)
{
        struct commit **commits = table;
        return commits[index]->object.oid.hash;
}

static void write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
                                   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
        struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
        uint32_t num_extra_edges = 0;

        while (list < last) {
                struct commit_list *parent;
                struct object_id *tree;
                int edge_value;
                uint32_t packedDate[2];
                display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);

                if (parse_commit_no_graph(*list))
                        die(_("unable to parse commit %s"),
                                oid_to_hex(&(*list)->object.oid));
                tree = get_commit_tree_oid(*list);
                hashwrite(f, tree->hash, hash_len);

                parent = (*list)->parents;

                if (!parent)
                        edge_value = GRAPH_PARENT_NONE;
                else {
                        edge_value = sha1_pos(parent->item->object.oid.hash,
                                              ctx->commits.list,
                                              ctx->commits.nr,
                                              commit_to_sha1);

                        if (edge_value >= 0)
                                edge_value += ctx->new_num_commits_in_base;
                        else {
                                uint32_t pos;
                                if (find_commit_in_graph(parent->item,
                                                         ctx->new_base_graph,
                                                         &pos))
                                        edge_value = pos;
                        }

                        if (edge_value < 0)
                                BUG("missing parent %s for commit %s",
                                    oid_to_hex(&parent->item->object.oid),
                                    oid_to_hex(&(*list)->object.oid));
                }

                hashwrite_be32(f, edge_value);

                if (parent)
                        parent = parent->next;

                if (!parent)
                        edge_value = GRAPH_PARENT_NONE;
                else if (parent->next)
                        edge_value = GRAPH_EXTRA_EDGES_NEEDED | num_extra_edges;
                else {
                        edge_value = sha1_pos(parent->item->object.oid.hash,
                                              ctx->commits.list,
                                              ctx->commits.nr,
                                              commit_to_sha1);

                        if (edge_value >= 0)
                                edge_value += ctx->new_num_commits_in_base;
                        else {
                                uint32_t pos;
                                if (find_commit_in_graph(parent->item,
                                                         ctx->new_base_graph,
                                                         &pos))
                                        edge_value = pos;
                        }

                        if (edge_value < 0)
                                BUG("missing parent %s for commit %s",
                                    oid_to_hex(&parent->item->object.oid),
                                    oid_to_hex(&(*list)->object.oid));
                }

                hashwrite_be32(f, edge_value);

                if (edge_value & GRAPH_EXTRA_EDGES_NEEDED) {
                        do {
                                num_extra_edges++;
                                parent = parent->next;
                        } while (parent);
                }

                if (sizeof((*list)->date) > 4)
                        packedDate[0] = htonl(((*list)->date >> 32) & 0x3);
                else
                        packedDate[0] = 0;

                packedDate[0] |= htonl((*list)->generation << 2);

                packedDate[1] = htonl((*list)->date);
                hashwrite(f, packedDate, 8);

                list++;
        }
}

static void write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
                                          struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
        struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
        struct commit_list *parent;

        while (list < last) {
                int num_parents = 0;

                display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);

                for (parent = (*list)->parents; num_parents < 3 && parent;
                     parent = parent->next)
                        num_parents++;

                if (num_parents <= 2) {
                        list++;
                        continue;
                }

                /* Since num_parents > 2, this initializer is safe. */
                for (parent = (*list)->parents->next; parent; parent = parent->next) {
                        int edge_value = sha1_pos(parent->item->object.oid.hash,
                                                  ctx->commits.list,
                                                  ctx->commits.nr,
                                                  commit_to_sha1);

                        if (edge_value >= 0)
                                edge_value += ctx->new_num_commits_in_base;
                        else {
                                uint32_t pos;
                                if (find_commit_in_graph(parent->item,
                                                         ctx->new_base_graph,
                                                         &pos))
                                        edge_value = pos;
                        }

                        if (edge_value < 0)
                                BUG("missing parent %s for commit %s",
                                    oid_to_hex(&parent->item->object.oid),
                                    oid_to_hex(&(*list)->object.oid));
                        else if (!parent->next)
                                edge_value |= GRAPH_LAST_EDGE;

                        hashwrite_be32(f, edge_value);
                }

                list++;
        }
}

static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(struct hashfile *f,
                                            struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
        struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
        uint32_t cur_pos = 0;
        struct progress *progress = NULL;
        int i = 0;

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        _("Writing changed paths Bloom filters index"),
                        ctx->commits.nr);

        while (list < last) {
                struct bloom_filter *filter = get_bloom_filter(ctx->r, *list);
                cur_pos += filter->len;
                display_progress(progress, ++i);
                hashwrite_be32(f, cur_pos);
                list++;
        }

        stop_progress(&progress);
}

static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
                                         struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
                                         const struct bloom_filter_settings *settings)
{
        struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
        struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
        struct progress *progress = NULL;
        int i = 0;

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        _("Writing changed paths Bloom filters data"),
                        ctx->commits.nr);

        hashwrite_be32(f, settings->hash_version);
        hashwrite_be32(f, settings->num_hashes);
        hashwrite_be32(f, settings->bits_per_entry);

        while (list < last) {
                struct bloom_filter *filter = get_bloom_filter(ctx->r, *list);
                display_progress(progress, ++i);
                hashwrite(f, filter->data, filter->len * sizeof(unsigned char));
                list++;
        }

        stop_progress(&progress);
}

static int oid_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
{
        const struct object_id *a = (const struct object_id *)_a;
        const struct object_id *b = (const struct object_id *)_b;
        return oidcmp(a, b);
}

static int add_packed_commits(const struct object_id *oid,
                              struct packed_git *pack,
                              uint32_t pos,
                              void *data)
{
        struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx = (struct write_commit_graph_context*)data;
        enum object_type type;
        off_t offset = nth_packed_object_offset(pack, pos);
        struct object_info oi = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;

        if (ctx->progress)
                display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_done);

        oi.typep = &type;
        if (packed_object_info(ctx->r, pack, offset, &oi) < 0)
                die(_("unable to get type of object %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));

        if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
                return 0;

        ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
        oidcpy(&(ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr]), oid);
        ctx->oids.nr++;

        set_commit_pos(ctx->r, oid);

        return 0;
}

static void add_missing_parents(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx, struct commit *commit)
{
        struct commit_list *parent;
        for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
                if (!(parent->item->object.flags & REACHABLE)) {
                        ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
                        oidcpy(&ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr], &(parent->item->object.oid));
                        ctx->oids.nr++;
                        parent->item->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
                }
        }
}

static void close_reachable(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        int i;
        struct commit *commit;

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                                        _("Loading known commits in commit graph"),
                                        ctx->oids.nr);
        for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                commit = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);
                if (commit)
                        commit->object.flags |= REACHABLE;
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);

        /*
         * As this loop runs, ctx->oids.nr may grow, but not more
         * than the number of missing commits in the reachable
         * closure.
         */
        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                                        _("Expanding reachable commits in commit graph"),
                                        0);
        for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                commit = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);

                if (!commit)
                        continue;
                if (ctx->split) {
                        if (!parse_commit(commit) &&
                            commit->graph_pos == COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH)
                                add_missing_parents(ctx, commit);
                } else if (!parse_commit_no_graph(commit))
                        add_missing_parents(ctx, commit);
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                                        _("Clearing commit marks in commit graph"),
                                        ctx->oids.nr);
        for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                commit = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);

                if (commit)
                        commit->object.flags &= ~REACHABLE;
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
}

static void compute_generation_numbers(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        int i;
        struct commit_list *list = NULL;

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                                        _("Computing commit graph generation numbers"),
                                        ctx->commits.nr);
        for (i = 0; i < ctx->commits.nr; i++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                if (ctx->commits.list[i]->generation != GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY &&
                    ctx->commits.list[i]->generation != GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO)
                        continue;

                commit_list_insert(ctx->commits.list[i], &list);
                while (list) {
                        struct commit *current = list->item;
                        struct commit_list *parent;
                        int all_parents_computed = 1;
                        uint32_t max_generation = 0;

                        for (parent = current->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
                                if (parent->item->generation == GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY ||
                                    parent->item->generation == GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO) {
                                        all_parents_computed = 0;
                                        commit_list_insert(parent->item, &list);
                                        break;
                                } else if (parent->item->generation > max_generation) {
                                        max_generation = parent->item->generation;
                                }
                        }

                        if (all_parents_computed) {
                                current->generation = max_generation + 1;
                                pop_commit(&list);

                                if (current->generation > GENERATION_NUMBER_MAX)
                                        current->generation = GENERATION_NUMBER_MAX;
                        }
                }
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
}

static void compute_bloom_filters(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        int i;
        struct progress *progress = NULL;
        struct commit **sorted_commits;

        init_bloom_filters();

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        _("Computing commit changed paths Bloom filters"),
                        ctx->commits.nr);

        ALLOC_ARRAY(sorted_commits, ctx->commits.nr);
        COPY_ARRAY(sorted_commits, ctx->commits.list, ctx->commits.nr);

        if (ctx->order_by_pack)
                QSORT(sorted_commits, ctx->commits.nr, commit_pos_cmp);
        else
                QSORT(sorted_commits, ctx->commits.nr, commit_gen_cmp);

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->commits.nr; i++) {
                struct commit *c = sorted_commits[i];
                struct bloom_filter *filter = get_bloom_filter(ctx->r, c);
                ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size += sizeof(unsigned char) * filter->len;
                display_progress(progress, i + 1);
        }

        free(sorted_commits);
        stop_progress(&progress);
}

static int add_ref_to_list(const char *refname,
                           const struct object_id *oid,
                           int flags, void *cb_data)
{
        struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cb_data;

        string_list_append(list, oid_to_hex(oid));
        return 0;
}

int write_commit_graph_reachable(struct object_directory *odb,
                                 enum commit_graph_write_flags flags,
                                 const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts)
{
        struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
        int result;

        for_each_ref(add_ref_to_list, &list);
        result = write_commit_graph(odb, NULL, &list,
                                    flags, split_opts);

        string_list_clear(&list, 0);
        return result;
}

static int fill_oids_from_packs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
                                struct string_list *pack_indexes)
{
        uint32_t i;
        struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf packname = STRBUF_INIT;
        int dirlen;

        strbuf_addf(&packname, "%s/pack/", ctx->odb->path);
        dirlen = packname.len;
        if (ctx->report_progress) {
                strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
                            Q_("Finding commits for commit graph in %d pack",
                               "Finding commits for commit graph in %d packs",
                               pack_indexes->nr),
                            pack_indexes->nr);
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(progress_title.buf, 0);
                ctx->progress_done = 0;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < pack_indexes->nr; i++) {
                struct packed_git *p;
                strbuf_setlen(&packname, dirlen);
                strbuf_addstr(&packname, pack_indexes->items[i].string);
                p = add_packed_git(packname.buf, packname.len, 1);
                if (!p) {
                        error(_("error adding pack %s"), packname.buf);
                        return -1;
                }
                if (open_pack_index(p)) {
                        error(_("error opening index for %s"), packname.buf);
                        return -1;
                }
                for_each_object_in_pack(p, add_packed_commits, ctx,
                                        FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
                close_pack(p);
                free(p);
        }

        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
        strbuf_release(&progress_title);
        strbuf_release(&packname);

        return 0;
}

static int fill_oids_from_commit_hex(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
                                     struct string_list *commit_hex)
{
        uint32_t i;
        struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (ctx->report_progress) {
                strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
                            Q_("Finding commits for commit graph from %d ref",
                               "Finding commits for commit graph from %d refs",
                               commit_hex->nr),
                            commit_hex->nr);
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                                        progress_title.buf,
                                        commit_hex->nr);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < commit_hex->nr; i++) {
                const char *end;
                struct object_id oid;
                struct commit *result;

                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                if (!parse_oid_hex(commit_hex->items[i].string, &oid, &end) &&
                    (result = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ctx->r, &oid, 1))) {
                        ALLOC_GROW(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr + 1, ctx->oids.alloc);
                        oidcpy(&ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr], &(result->object.oid));
                        ctx->oids.nr++;
                } else if (ctx->check_oids) {
                        error(_("invalid commit object id: %s"),
                            commit_hex->items[i].string);
                        return -1;
                }
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
        strbuf_release(&progress_title);

        return 0;
}

static void fill_oids_from_all_packs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        _("Finding commits for commit graph among packed objects"),
                        ctx->approx_nr_objects);
        for_each_packed_object(add_packed_commits, ctx,
                               FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
        if (ctx->progress_done < ctx->approx_nr_objects)
                display_progress(ctx->progress, ctx->approx_nr_objects);
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
}

static uint32_t count_distinct_commits(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        uint32_t i, count_distinct = 1;

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        _("Counting distinct commits in commit graph"),
                        ctx->oids.nr);
        display_progress(ctx->progress, 0); /* TODO: Measure QSORT() progress */
        QSORT(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.nr, oid_compare);

        for (i = 1; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                if (!oideq(&ctx->oids.list[i - 1], &ctx->oids.list[i])) {
                        if (ctx->split) {
                                struct commit *c = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);

                                if (!c || c->graph_pos != COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH)
                                        continue;
                        }

                        count_distinct++;
                }
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);

        return count_distinct;
}

static void copy_oids_to_commits(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        uint32_t i;

        ctx->num_extra_edges = 0;
        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        _("Finding extra edges in commit graph"),
                        ctx->oids.nr);
        for (i = 0; i < ctx->oids.nr; i++) {
                unsigned int num_parents;

                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);
                if (i > 0 && oideq(&ctx->oids.list[i - 1], &ctx->oids.list[i]))
                        continue;

                ALLOC_GROW(ctx->commits.list, ctx->commits.nr + 1, ctx->commits.alloc);
                ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr] = lookup_commit(ctx->r, &ctx->oids.list[i]);

                if (ctx->split &&
                    ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr]->graph_pos != COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH)
                        continue;

                parse_commit_no_graph(ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr]);

                num_parents = commit_list_count(ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr]->parents);
                if (num_parents > 2)
                        ctx->num_extra_edges += num_parents - 1;

                ctx->commits.nr++;
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
}

static int write_graph_chunk_base_1(struct hashfile *f,
                                    struct commit_graph *g)
{
        int num = 0;

        if (!g)
                return 0;

        num = write_graph_chunk_base_1(f, g->base_graph);
        hashwrite(f, g->oid.hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);
        return num + 1;
}

static int write_graph_chunk_base(struct hashfile *f,
                                  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        int num = write_graph_chunk_base_1(f, ctx->new_base_graph);

        if (num != ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1) {
                error(_("failed to write correct number of base graph ids"));
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        uint32_t i;
        int fd;
        struct hashfile *f;
        struct lock_file lk = LOCK_INIT;
        uint32_t chunk_ids[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
        uint64_t chunk_offsets[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
        const unsigned hashsz = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
        struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
        int num_chunks = 3;
        struct object_id file_hash;
        const struct bloom_filter_settings bloom_settings = DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_SETTINGS;

        if (ctx->split) {
                struct strbuf tmp_file = STRBUF_INIT;

                strbuf_addf(&tmp_file,
                            "%s/info/commit-graphs/tmp_graph_XXXXXX",
                            ctx->odb->path);
                ctx->graph_name = strbuf_detach(&tmp_file, NULL);
        } else {
                ctx->graph_name = get_commit_graph_filename(ctx->odb);
        }

        if (safe_create_leading_directories(ctx->graph_name)) {
                UNLEAK(ctx->graph_name);
                error(_("unable to create leading directories of %s"),
                        ctx->graph_name);
                return -1;
        }

        if (ctx->split) {
                char *lock_name = get_chain_filename(ctx->odb);

                hold_lock_file_for_update(&lk, lock_name, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);

                fd = git_mkstemp_mode(ctx->graph_name, 0444);
                if (fd < 0) {
                        error(_("unable to create '%s'"), ctx->graph_name);
                        return -1;
                }

                f = hashfd(fd, ctx->graph_name);
        } else {
                hold_lock_file_for_update(&lk, ctx->graph_name, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
                fd = lk.tempfile->fd;
                f = hashfd(lk.tempfile->fd, lk.tempfile->filename.buf);
        }

        chunk_ids[0] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT;
        chunk_ids[1] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP;
        chunk_ids[2] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA;
        if (ctx->num_extra_edges) {
                chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES;
                num_chunks++;
        }
        if (ctx->changed_paths) {
                chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES;
                num_chunks++;
                chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA;
                num_chunks++;
        }
        if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
                chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE;
                num_chunks++;
        }

        chunk_ids[num_chunks] = 0;

        chunk_offsets[0] = 8 + (num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
        chunk_offsets[1] = chunk_offsets[0] + GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE;
        chunk_offsets[2] = chunk_offsets[1] + hashsz * ctx->commits.nr;
        chunk_offsets[3] = chunk_offsets[2] + (hashsz + 16) * ctx->commits.nr;

        num_chunks = 3;
        if (ctx->num_extra_edges) {
                chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
                                                4 * ctx->num_extra_edges;
                num_chunks++;
        }
        if (ctx->changed_paths) {
                chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
                                                sizeof(uint32_t) * ctx->commits.nr;
                num_chunks++;

                chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
                                                sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 + ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size;
                num_chunks++;
        }
        if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
                chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
                                                hashsz * (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
                num_chunks++;
        }

        hashwrite_be32(f, GRAPH_SIGNATURE);

        hashwrite_u8(f, GRAPH_VERSION);
        hashwrite_u8(f, oid_version());
        hashwrite_u8(f, num_chunks);
        hashwrite_u8(f, ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);

        for (i = 0; i <= num_chunks; i++) {
                uint32_t chunk_write[3];

                chunk_write[0] = htonl(chunk_ids[i]);
                chunk_write[1] = htonl(chunk_offsets[i] >> 32);
                chunk_write[2] = htonl(chunk_offsets[i] & 0xffffffff);
                hashwrite(f, chunk_write, 12);
        }

        if (ctx->report_progress) {
                strbuf_addf(&progress_title,
                            Q_("Writing out commit graph in %d pass",
                               "Writing out commit graph in %d passes",
                               num_chunks),
                            num_chunks);
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                        progress_title.buf,
                        num_chunks * ctx->commits.nr);
        }
        write_graph_chunk_fanout(f, ctx);
        write_graph_chunk_oids(f, hashsz, ctx);
        write_graph_chunk_data(f, hashsz, ctx);
        if (ctx->num_extra_edges)
                write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(f, ctx);
        if (ctx->changed_paths) {
                write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(f, ctx);
                write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(f, ctx, &bloom_settings);
        }
        if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1 &&
            write_graph_chunk_base(f, ctx)) {
                return -1;
        }
        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
        strbuf_release(&progress_title);

        if (ctx->split && ctx->base_graph_name && ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
                char *new_base_hash = xstrdup(oid_to_hex(&ctx->new_base_graph->oid));
                char *new_base_name = get_split_graph_filename(ctx->new_base_graph->odb, new_base_hash);

                free(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 2]);
                free(ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 2]);
                ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 2] = new_base_name;
                ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 2] = new_base_hash;
        }

        close_commit_graph(ctx->r->objects);
        finalize_hashfile(f, file_hash.hash, CSUM_HASH_IN_STREAM | CSUM_FSYNC);

        if (ctx->split) {
                FILE *chainf = fdopen_lock_file(&lk, "w");
                char *final_graph_name;
                int result;

                close(fd);

                if (!chainf) {
                        error(_("unable to open commit-graph chain file"));
                        return -1;
                }

                if (ctx->base_graph_name) {
                        const char *dest = ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[
                                                ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 2];

                        if (strcmp(ctx->base_graph_name, dest)) {
                                result = rename(ctx->base_graph_name, dest);

                                if (result) {
                                        error(_("failed to rename base commit-graph file"));
                                        return -1;
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                        char *graph_name = get_commit_graph_filename(ctx->odb);
                        unlink(graph_name);
                }

                ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1] = xstrdup(oid_to_hex(&file_hash));
                final_graph_name = get_split_graph_filename(ctx->odb,
                                        ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1]);
                ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1] = final_graph_name;

                result = rename(ctx->graph_name, final_graph_name);

                for (i = 0; i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_after; i++)
                        fprintf(lk.tempfile->fp, "%s\n", ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[i]);

                if (result) {
                        error(_("failed to rename temporary commit-graph file"));
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        commit_lock_file(&lk);

        return 0;
}

static void split_graph_merge_strategy(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct commit_graph *g;
        uint32_t num_commits;
        uint32_t i;

        int max_commits = 0;
        int size_mult = 2;

        if (ctx->split_opts) {
                max_commits = ctx->split_opts->max_commits;

                if (ctx->split_opts->size_multiple)
                        size_mult = ctx->split_opts->size_multiple;
        }

        g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;
        num_commits = ctx->commits.nr;
        ctx->num_commit_graphs_after = ctx->num_commit_graphs_before + 1;

        while (g && (g->num_commits <= size_mult * num_commits ||
                    (max_commits && num_commits > max_commits))) {
                if (g->odb != ctx->odb)
                        break;

                num_commits += g->num_commits;
                g = g->base_graph;

                ctx->num_commit_graphs_after--;
        }

        ctx->new_base_graph = g;

        if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after == 2) {
                char *old_graph_name = get_commit_graph_filename(g->odb);

                if (!strcmp(g->filename, old_graph_name) &&
                    g->odb != ctx->odb) {
                        ctx->num_commit_graphs_after = 1;
                        ctx->new_base_graph = NULL;
                }

                free(old_graph_name);
        }

        ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after, ctx->num_commit_graphs_after);
        ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->commit_graph_hash_after, ctx->num_commit_graphs_after);

        for (i = 0; i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_after &&
                    i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_before; i++)
                ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[i] = xstrdup(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before[i]);

        i = ctx->num_commit_graphs_before - 1;
        g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;

        while (g) {
                if (i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_after)
                        ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[i] = xstrdup(oid_to_hex(&g->oid));

                i--;
                g = g->base_graph;
        }
}

static void merge_commit_graph(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
                               struct commit_graph *g)
{
        uint32_t i;
        uint32_t offset = g->num_commits_in_base;

        ALLOC_GROW(ctx->commits.list, ctx->commits.nr + g->num_commits, ctx->commits.alloc);

        for (i = 0; i < g->num_commits; i++) {
                struct object_id oid;
                struct commit *result;

                display_progress(ctx->progress, i + 1);

                load_oid_from_graph(g, i + offset, &oid);

                /* only add commits if they still exist in the repo */
                result = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ctx->r, &oid, 1);

                if (result) {
                        ctx->commits.list[ctx->commits.nr] = result;
                        ctx->commits.nr++;
                }
        }
}

static int commit_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
{
        const struct commit *a = *(const struct commit **)_a;
        const struct commit *b = *(const struct commit **)_b;
        return oidcmp(&a->object.oid, &b->object.oid);
}

static void sort_and_scan_merged_commits(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        uint32_t i;

        if (ctx->report_progress)
                ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(
                                        _("Scanning merged commits"),
                                        ctx->commits.nr);

        QSORT(ctx->commits.list, ctx->commits.nr, commit_compare);

        ctx->num_extra_edges = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < ctx->commits.nr; i++) {
                display_progress(ctx->progress, i);

                if (i && oideq(&ctx->commits.list[i - 1]->object.oid,
                          &ctx->commits.list[i]->object.oid)) {
                        die(_("unexpected duplicate commit id %s"),
                            oid_to_hex(&ctx->commits.list[i]->object.oid));
                } else {
                        unsigned int num_parents;

                        num_parents = commit_list_count(ctx->commits.list[i]->parents);
                        if (num_parents > 2)
                                ctx->num_extra_edges += num_parents - 1;
                }
        }

        stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
}

static void merge_commit_graphs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct commit_graph *g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;
        uint32_t current_graph_number = ctx->num_commit_graphs_before;

        while (g && current_graph_number >= ctx->num_commit_graphs_after) {
                current_graph_number--;

                if (ctx->report_progress)
                        ctx->progress = start_delayed_progress(_("Merging commit-graph"), 0);

                merge_commit_graph(ctx, g);
                stop_progress(&ctx->progress);

                g = g->base_graph;
        }

        if (g) {
                ctx->new_base_graph = g;
                ctx->new_num_commits_in_base = g->num_commits + g->num_commits_in_base;
        }

        if (ctx->new_base_graph)
                ctx->base_graph_name = xstrdup(ctx->new_base_graph->filename);

        sort_and_scan_merged_commits(ctx);
}

static void mark_commit_graphs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        uint32_t i;
        time_t now = time(NULL);

        for (i = ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1; i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_before; i++) {
                struct stat st;
                struct utimbuf updated_time;

                stat(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before[i], &st);

                updated_time.actime = st.st_atime;
                updated_time.modtime = now;
                utime(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before[i], &updated_time);
        }
}

static void expire_commit_graphs(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
{
        struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *de;
        size_t dirnamelen;
        timestamp_t expire_time = time(NULL);

        if (ctx->split_opts && ctx->split_opts->expire_time)
                expire_time -= ctx->split_opts->expire_time;
        if (!ctx->split) {
                char *chain_file_name = get_chain_filename(ctx->odb);
                unlink(chain_file_name);
                free(chain_file_name);
                ctx->num_commit_graphs_after = 0;
        }

        strbuf_addstr(&path, ctx->odb->path);
        strbuf_addstr(&path, "/info/commit-graphs");
        dir = opendir(path.buf);

        if (!dir)
                goto out;

        strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
        dirnamelen = path.len;
        while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
                struct stat st;
                uint32_t i, found = 0;

                strbuf_setlen(&path, dirnamelen);
                strbuf_addstr(&path, de->d_name);

                stat(path.buf, &st);

                if (st.st_mtime > expire_time)
                        continue;
                if (path.len < 6 || strcmp(path.buf + path.len - 6, ".graph"))
                        continue;

                for (i = 0; i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_after; i++) {
                        if (!strcmp(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[i],
                                    path.buf)) {
                                found = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (!found)
                        unlink(path.buf);
        }

out:
        strbuf_release(&path);
}

int write_commit_graph(struct object_directory *odb,
                       struct string_list *pack_indexes,
                       struct string_list *commit_hex,
                       enum commit_graph_write_flags flags,
                       const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts)
{
        struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx;
        uint32_t i, count_distinct = 0;
        int res = 0;

        if (!commit_graph_compatible(the_repository))
                return 0;

        ctx = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct write_commit_graph_context));
        ctx->r = the_repository;
        ctx->odb = odb;
        ctx->append = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_APPEND ? 1 : 0;
        ctx->report_progress = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS ? 1 : 0;
        ctx->split = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT ? 1 : 0;
        ctx->check_oids = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_CHECK_OIDS ? 1 : 0;
        ctx->split_opts = split_opts;
        ctx->changed_paths = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS ? 1 : 0;
        ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size = 0;

        if (ctx->split) {
                struct commit_graph *g;
                prepare_commit_graph(ctx->r);

                g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;

                while (g) {
                        ctx->num_commit_graphs_before++;
                        g = g->base_graph;
                }

                if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_before) {
                        ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before, ctx->num_commit_graphs_before);
                        i = ctx->num_commit_graphs_before;
                        g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;

                        while (g) {
                                ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before[--i] = xstrdup(g->filename);
                                g = g->base_graph;
                        }
                }
        }

        ctx->approx_nr_objects = approximate_object_count();
        ctx->oids.alloc = ctx->approx_nr_objects / 32;

        if (ctx->split && split_opts && ctx->oids.alloc > split_opts->max_commits)
                ctx->oids.alloc = split_opts->max_commits;

        if (ctx->append) {
                prepare_commit_graph_one(ctx->r, ctx->odb);
                if (ctx->r->objects->commit_graph)
                        ctx->oids.alloc += ctx->r->objects->commit_graph->num_commits;
        }

        if (ctx->oids.alloc < 1024)
                ctx->oids.alloc = 1024;
        ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->oids.list, ctx->oids.alloc);

        if (ctx->append && ctx->r->objects->commit_graph) {
                struct commit_graph *g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;
                for (i = 0; i < g->num_commits; i++) {
                        const unsigned char *hash = g->chunk_oid_lookup + g->hash_len * i;
                        hashcpy(ctx->oids.list[ctx->oids.nr++].hash, hash);
                }
        }

        if (pack_indexes) {
                ctx->order_by_pack = 1;
                if ((res = fill_oids_from_packs(ctx, pack_indexes)))
                        goto cleanup;
        }

        if (commit_hex) {
                if ((res = fill_oids_from_commit_hex(ctx, commit_hex)))
                        goto cleanup;
        }

        if (!pack_indexes && !commit_hex) {
                ctx->order_by_pack = 1;
                fill_oids_from_all_packs(ctx);
        }

        close_reachable(ctx);

        count_distinct = count_distinct_commits(ctx);

        if (count_distinct >= GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK) {
                error(_("the commit graph format cannot write %d commits"), count_distinct);
                res = -1;
                goto cleanup;
        }

        ctx->commits.alloc = count_distinct;
        ALLOC_ARRAY(ctx->commits.list, ctx->commits.alloc);

        copy_oids_to_commits(ctx);

        if (ctx->commits.nr >= GRAPH_EDGE_LAST_MASK) {
                error(_("too many commits to write graph"));
                res = -1;
                goto cleanup;
        }

        if (!ctx->commits.nr)
                goto cleanup;

        if (ctx->split) {
                split_graph_merge_strategy(ctx);

                merge_commit_graphs(ctx);
        } else
                ctx->num_commit_graphs_after = 1;

        compute_generation_numbers(ctx);

        if (ctx->changed_paths)
                compute_bloom_filters(ctx);

        res = write_commit_graph_file(ctx);

        if (ctx->split)
                mark_commit_graphs(ctx);

        expire_commit_graphs(ctx);

cleanup:
        free(ctx->graph_name);
        free(ctx->commits.list);
        free(ctx->oids.list);

        if (ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after) {
                for (i = 0; i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_after; i++) {
                        free(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after[i]);
                        free(ctx->commit_graph_hash_after[i]);
                }

                for (i = 0; i < ctx->num_commit_graphs_before; i++)
                        free(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before[i]);

                free(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_after);
                free(ctx->commit_graph_filenames_before);
                free(ctx->commit_graph_hash_after);
        }

        free(ctx);

        return res;
}

#define VERIFY_COMMIT_GRAPH_ERROR_HASH 2
static int verify_commit_graph_error;

static void graph_report(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        verify_commit_graph_error = 1;
        va_start(ap, fmt);
        vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        va_end(ap);
}

#define GENERATION_ZERO_EXISTS 1
#define GENERATION_NUMBER_EXISTS 2

int verify_commit_graph(struct repository *r, struct commit_graph *g, int flags)
{
        uint32_t i, cur_fanout_pos = 0;
        struct object_id prev_oid, cur_oid, checksum;
        int generation_zero = 0;
        struct hashfile *f;
        int devnull;
        struct progress *progress = NULL;
        int local_error = 0;

        if (!g) {
                graph_report("no commit-graph file loaded");
                return 1;
        }

        verify_commit_graph_error = verify_commit_graph_lite(g);
        if (verify_commit_graph_error)
                return verify_commit_graph_error;

        devnull = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
        f = hashfd(devnull, NULL);
        hashwrite(f, g->data, g->data_len - g->hash_len);
        finalize_hashfile(f, checksum.hash, CSUM_CLOSE);
        if (!hasheq(checksum.hash, g->data + g->data_len - g->hash_len)) {
                graph_report(_("the commit-graph file has incorrect checksum and is likely corrupt"));
                verify_commit_graph_error = VERIFY_COMMIT_GRAPH_ERROR_HASH;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < g->num_commits; i++) {
                struct commit *graph_commit;

                hashcpy(cur_oid.hash, g->chunk_oid_lookup + g->hash_len * i);

                if (i && oidcmp(&prev_oid, &cur_oid) >= 0)
                        graph_report(_("commit-graph has incorrect OID order: %s then %s"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&prev_oid),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));

                oidcpy(&prev_oid, &cur_oid);

                while (cur_oid.hash[0] > cur_fanout_pos) {
                        uint32_t fanout_value = get_be32(g->chunk_oid_fanout + cur_fanout_pos);

                        if (i != fanout_value)
                                graph_report(_("commit-graph has incorrect fanout value: fanout[%d] = %u != %u"),
                                             cur_fanout_pos, fanout_value, i);
                        cur_fanout_pos++;
                }

                graph_commit = lookup_commit(r, &cur_oid);
                if (!parse_commit_in_graph_one(r, g, graph_commit))
                        graph_report(_("failed to parse commit %s from commit-graph"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));
        }

        while (cur_fanout_pos < 256) {
                uint32_t fanout_value = get_be32(g->chunk_oid_fanout + cur_fanout_pos);

                if (g->num_commits != fanout_value)
                        graph_report(_("commit-graph has incorrect fanout value: fanout[%d] = %u != %u"),
                                     cur_fanout_pos, fanout_value, i);

                cur_fanout_pos++;
        }

        if (verify_commit_graph_error & ~VERIFY_COMMIT_GRAPH_ERROR_HASH)
                return verify_commit_graph_error;

        if (flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS)
                progress = start_progress(_("Verifying commits in commit graph"),
                                        g->num_commits);

        for (i = 0; i < g->num_commits; i++) {
                struct commit *graph_commit, *odb_commit;
                struct commit_list *graph_parents, *odb_parents;
                uint32_t max_generation = 0;

                display_progress(progress, i + 1);
                hashcpy(cur_oid.hash, g->chunk_oid_lookup + g->hash_len * i);

                graph_commit = lookup_commit(r, &cur_oid);
                odb_commit = (struct commit *)create_object(r, &cur_oid, alloc_commit_node(r));
                if (parse_commit_internal(odb_commit, 0, 0)) {
                        graph_report(_("failed to parse commit %s from object database for commit-graph"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));
                        continue;
                }

                if (!oideq(&get_commit_tree_in_graph_one(r, g, graph_commit)->object.oid,
                           get_commit_tree_oid(odb_commit)))
                        graph_report(_("root tree OID for commit %s in commit-graph is %s != %s"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid),
                                     oid_to_hex(get_commit_tree_oid(graph_commit)),
                                     oid_to_hex(get_commit_tree_oid(odb_commit)));

                graph_parents = graph_commit->parents;
                odb_parents = odb_commit->parents;

                while (graph_parents) {
                        if (odb_parents == NULL) {
                                graph_report(_("commit-graph parent list for commit %s is too long"),
                                             oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));
                                break;
                        }

                        /* parse parent in case it is in a base graph */
                        parse_commit_in_graph_one(r, g, graph_parents->item);

                        if (!oideq(&graph_parents->item->object.oid, &odb_parents->item->object.oid))
                                graph_report(_("commit-graph parent for %s is %s != %s"),
                                             oid_to_hex(&cur_oid),
                                             oid_to_hex(&graph_parents->item->object.oid),
                                             oid_to_hex(&odb_parents->item->object.oid));

                        if (graph_parents->item->generation > max_generation)
                                max_generation = graph_parents->item->generation;

                        graph_parents = graph_parents->next;
                        odb_parents = odb_parents->next;
                }

                if (odb_parents != NULL)
                        graph_report(_("commit-graph parent list for commit %s terminates early"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));

                if (!graph_commit->generation) {
                        if (generation_zero == GENERATION_NUMBER_EXISTS)
                                graph_report(_("commit-graph has generation number zero for commit %s, but non-zero elsewhere"),
                                             oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));
                        generation_zero = GENERATION_ZERO_EXISTS;
                } else if (generation_zero == GENERATION_ZERO_EXISTS)
                        graph_report(_("commit-graph has non-zero generation number for commit %s, but zero elsewhere"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid));

                if (generation_zero == GENERATION_ZERO_EXISTS)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * If one of our parents has generation GENERATION_NUMBER_MAX, then
                 * our generation is also GENERATION_NUMBER_MAX. Decrement to avoid
                 * extra logic in the following condition.
                 */
                if (max_generation == GENERATION_NUMBER_MAX)
                        max_generation--;

                if (graph_commit->generation != max_generation + 1)
                        graph_report(_("commit-graph generation for commit %s is %u != %u"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid),
                                     graph_commit->generation,
                                     max_generation + 1);

                if (graph_commit->date != odb_commit->date)
                        graph_report(_("commit date for commit %s in commit-graph is %"PRItime" != %"PRItime),
                                     oid_to_hex(&cur_oid),
                                     graph_commit->date,
                                     odb_commit->date);
        }
        stop_progress(&progress);

        local_error = verify_commit_graph_error;

        if (!(flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_VERIFY_SHALLOW) && g->base_graph)
                local_error |= verify_commit_graph(r, g->base_graph, flags);

        return local_error;
}

void free_commit_graph(struct commit_graph *g)
{
        if (!g)
                return;
        if (g->graph_fd >= 0) {
                munmap((void *)g->data, g->data_len);
                g->data = NULL;
                close(g->graph_fd);
        }
        free(g->filename);
        free(g->bloom_filter_settings);
        free(g);
}

void disable_commit_graph(struct repository *r)
{
        r->commit_graph_disabled = 1;
}