6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
18 The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
19 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
20 the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
21 each commit introduces are shown.
28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
29 (works only for a single file).
32 --decorate[=short|full|no]::
33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. The default option
40 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
44 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
45 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
46 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
49 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
50 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
51 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
52 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
53 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
55 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
56 produced by `--stat`, etc.
59 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
60 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
61 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
62 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
64 -L <start>,<end>:<file>::
65 -L :<funcname>:<file>::
66 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
67 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
68 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
69 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
70 give zero or one positive revision arguments.
71 You can specify this option more than once.
73 include::line-range-format.txt[]
76 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
77 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
78 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
79 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
80 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
81 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
82 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
85 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
86 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
87 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
90 Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from
91 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
93 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
95 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
101 include::diff-options.txt[]
103 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
107 `git log --no-merges`::
109 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
111 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
113 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
114 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
116 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
118 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
119 The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
122 `git log --name-status release..test`::
124 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
125 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
126 each commit modifies.
128 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
130 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
131 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
134 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
136 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
137 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
140 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
142 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
143 repository master branches.
145 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
147 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
148 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
149 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
150 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
151 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
153 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
155 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
160 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
170 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
171 for settings related to diff generation.
174 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
175 Defaults to `medium`.
177 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
178 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
179 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
183 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
184 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
185 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
188 If a single <path> is given to git log, it will act as
189 if the `--follow` option was also used. This has the same
190 limitations as `--follow`, i.e. it cannot be used to follow
191 multiple files and does not work well on non-linear history.
194 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
195 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
196 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
197 The default is `true`.
200 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
203 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
204 or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
205 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
206 linkgit:git-notes[1].
208 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
209 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
210 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
212 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
213 overridden by the 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF' environment variable,
214 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
218 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite