6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
16 [--super-prefix=<path>]
21 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
22 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
23 and full access to internals.
25 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
26 linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of
27 commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
28 in-depth introduction.
30 After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
31 page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about
32 individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7]
33 manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.
35 A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation
36 can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v2.11.0/git.html[documentation for release 2.11]
50 link:RelNotes/2.11.0.txt[2.11].
52 * link:v2.10.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.10.2]
55 link:RelNotes/2.10.2.txt[2.10.2],
56 link:RelNotes/2.10.1.txt[2.10.1],
57 link:RelNotes/2.10.0.txt[2.10].
59 * link:v2.9.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.3]
62 link:RelNotes/2.9.3.txt[2.9.3],
63 link:RelNotes/2.9.2.txt[2.9.2],
64 link:RelNotes/2.9.1.txt[2.9.1],
65 link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9].
67 * link:v2.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.4]
70 link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4],
71 link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3],
72 link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2],
73 link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1],
74 link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8].
76 * link:v2.7.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.3]
79 link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3],
80 link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2],
81 link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1],
82 link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7].
84 * link:v2.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.6]
87 link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6],
88 link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5],
89 link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4],
90 link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3],
91 link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2],
92 link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1],
93 link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6].
95 * link:v2.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.5]
98 link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5],
99 link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4],
100 link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3],
101 link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2],
102 link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1],
103 link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5].
105 * link:v2.4.11/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.11]
108 link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11],
109 link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10],
110 link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9],
111 link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8],
112 link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7],
113 link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6],
114 link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5],
115 link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4],
116 link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3],
117 link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2],
118 link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1],
119 link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4].
121 * link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10]
124 link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10],
125 link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9],
126 link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8],
127 link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7],
128 link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6],
129 link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5],
130 link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4],
131 link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3],
132 link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2],
133 link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1],
134 link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3].
136 * link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3]
139 link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3],
140 link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2],
141 link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1],
142 link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2].
144 * link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4]
147 link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4],
148 link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3],
149 link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2],
150 link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1],
151 link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1].
153 * link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5]
156 link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5],
157 link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4],
158 link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3],
159 link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2],
160 link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1],
161 link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0].
163 * link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5]
166 link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5],
167 link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4],
168 link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3],
169 link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2],
170 link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1],
171 link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0].
173 * link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6]
176 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6],
177 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5],
178 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
179 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
180 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2],
181 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
182 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
184 * link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
187 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
188 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
189 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
190 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
191 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
192 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
194 * link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
197 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
198 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
199 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
200 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
201 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
203 * link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
206 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
207 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
208 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
209 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
211 * link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
214 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
215 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
216 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
217 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
218 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
219 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
220 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
222 * link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
225 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
226 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
227 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
228 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
230 * link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
233 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
234 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
235 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
236 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
237 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
239 * link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
242 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
243 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
244 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
245 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
246 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
247 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
248 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
249 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
251 * link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
254 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
255 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
256 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
257 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2],
258 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1],
259 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
261 * link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
264 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
265 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
266 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
267 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
268 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
269 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
270 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
271 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
273 * link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
276 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
277 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
278 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
279 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
280 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
281 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
282 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
284 * link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
287 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
288 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
289 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
290 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
291 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
292 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
293 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
294 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
296 * link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
299 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
300 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
301 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
302 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
303 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
304 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
305 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
307 * link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
310 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
311 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
312 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
313 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
314 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
316 * link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
319 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
320 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
321 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
322 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
323 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
324 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
326 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
329 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
330 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
331 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
332 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
333 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
334 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
336 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
339 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
340 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
341 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
342 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
343 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
344 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
346 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
349 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
350 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
351 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
352 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
353 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
355 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
358 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
359 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
360 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
361 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
362 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
363 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
364 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
365 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
366 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
367 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
369 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
372 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
373 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
374 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
375 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
377 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
380 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
381 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
382 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
383 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
384 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
385 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
386 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
387 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
388 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
389 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
391 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
394 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
395 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
396 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
397 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
398 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
399 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
401 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
404 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
405 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
406 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
407 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
408 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
411 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
412 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
413 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
414 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
415 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
416 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
418 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
421 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
422 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
423 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
424 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
426 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
429 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
430 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
431 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
432 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
433 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
434 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
435 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
437 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
440 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
441 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
442 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
443 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
444 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
445 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
446 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
448 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
451 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
452 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
453 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
454 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
455 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
456 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
457 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
459 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
462 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
463 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
464 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
465 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
466 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
467 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
468 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
469 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
471 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
474 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
475 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
476 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
477 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
478 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
479 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
480 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
481 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
482 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
484 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
487 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
488 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
489 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
490 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
491 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
492 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
494 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
497 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
498 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
499 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
500 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
501 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
502 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
503 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
505 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
508 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
509 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
510 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
511 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
512 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
513 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
514 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
516 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
517 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
518 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
519 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
528 Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
531 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
532 commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all
533 available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
534 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
536 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
537 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
538 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
542 Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
543 directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
544 non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
547 This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
548 `--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
549 made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
550 example the following invocations are equivalent:
552 git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
553 git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
556 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
557 given will override values from configuration files.
558 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
559 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
561 Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets
562 `foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a
563 config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c
564 foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string.
566 --exec-path[=<path>]::
567 Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
568 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
569 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
570 the current setting and then exit.
573 Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
574 documentation is installed and exit.
577 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
578 this version of Git and exit.
581 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
582 version of Git are installed and exit.
586 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
587 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
588 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
592 Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
595 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
596 setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
597 path or relative path to current working directory.
600 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
601 or a path relative to the current working directory.
602 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
603 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
604 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
605 more detailed discussion).
608 Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
609 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
612 --super-prefix=<path>::
613 Currently for internal use only. Set a prefix which gives a path from
614 above a repository down to its root. One use is to give submodules
615 context about the superproject that invoked it.
618 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
619 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
622 --no-replace-objects::
623 Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
624 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
626 --literal-pathspecs::
627 Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
628 This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
632 Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
633 the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
634 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
638 Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
639 the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
640 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
644 Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
645 the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
650 We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
651 ("plumbing") commands.
653 High-level commands (porcelain)
654 -------------------------------
656 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
657 ancillary user utilities.
659 Main porcelain commands
660 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
662 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
668 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
672 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
675 Interacting with Others
676 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
678 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
679 people via patch over e-mail.
681 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
684 Low-level commands (plumbing)
685 -----------------------------
687 Although Git includes its
688 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
689 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
690 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
691 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
693 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
694 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
695 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
696 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
697 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
700 The following description divides
701 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
702 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
703 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
707 Manipulation commands
708 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
710 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
713 Interrogation commands
714 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
716 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
718 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
722 Synching repositories
723 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
725 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
727 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
728 typically do not use them directly.
730 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
733 Internal helper commands
734 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
736 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
737 users typically do not use them directly.
739 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
742 Configuration Mechanism
743 -----------------------
745 Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
746 repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look
751 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
756 ; Don't trust file modes
761 name = "Junio C Hamano"
762 email = "gitster@pobox.com"
766 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
767 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
768 list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
771 Identifier Terminology
772 ----------------------
774 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
777 Indicates a blob object name.
780 Indicates a tree object name.
783 Indicates a commit object name.
786 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
787 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
788 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
789 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
792 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
793 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
794 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
795 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
798 Indicates that an object type is required.
799 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
802 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
803 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
807 Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
811 indicates the head of the current branch.
815 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
819 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
821 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
822 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
825 File/Directory Structure
826 ------------------------
828 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
830 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
832 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
838 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
841 Environment Variables
842 ---------------------
843 Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
847 These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
848 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
849 Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.
852 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
853 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
856 `GIT_INDEX_VERSION`::
857 This environment variable allows the specification of an index
858 version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index
859 files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
860 linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information.
862 `GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`::
863 If the object storage directory is specified via this
864 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
865 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
868 `GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`::
869 Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
870 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
871 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
872 of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
873 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
876 If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it
877 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
878 for the base of the repository.
879 The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value.
882 Set the path to the root of the working tree.
883 This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line
884 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
887 Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
888 The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value.
890 `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`::
891 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If
892 set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
893 into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
894 excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not
895 exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
896 command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read
897 the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
898 might be present in order to compare them with the current
899 directory. However, if even this access is slow, you
900 can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
901 subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
903 `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`.
905 `GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`::
906 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
907 directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
908 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
909 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
910 can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
911 boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect
912 an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the
916 If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
917 normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
918 instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
919 taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and
920 linkgit:git-worktree[1] for
921 details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
922 variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY...
929 `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`::
930 `GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`::
931 `GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`::
933 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
938 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
939 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
940 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
941 value passed on the Git diff command line.
943 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`::
944 When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the
945 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
946 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
947 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters:
949 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
953 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
954 contents of <old|new>,
955 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
956 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
958 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
959 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
960 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
961 index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the
962 temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits.
964 For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1
967 For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables,
968 `GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set.
970 `GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`::
971 A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
973 `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`::
974 The total number of paths.
978 `GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`::
979 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
980 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
981 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
984 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
985 to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
986 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
987 linkgit:git-config[1].
990 This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
991 It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
992 an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
993 and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
997 If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
998 and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
999 when they need to connect to a remote system.
1000 The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
1001 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
1002 command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
1003 `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
1004 something other than the default SSH port.
1006 `$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
1007 by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
1008 `$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program
1009 (which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
1012 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
1013 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
1014 for further details.
1017 If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
1018 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
1019 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
1020 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`
1021 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
1023 `GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::
1024 If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
1025 on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
1027 `GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
1028 Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
1029 `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can
1030 be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
1031 predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
1032 temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
1033 waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
1036 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
1037 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
1038 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
1039 force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
1041 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
1042 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
1043 not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
1044 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
1047 Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
1048 command execution and external command execution.
1050 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
1051 is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
1054 If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
1055 and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
1056 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
1057 trace messages into this file descriptor.
1059 Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
1060 (starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
1061 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
1064 Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
1065 "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
1067 `GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::
1068 Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
1069 access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
1070 recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
1071 pack-related performance problems.
1072 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1074 `GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::
1075 Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
1076 given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
1077 or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
1078 starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).
1079 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1081 `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::
1082 Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
1083 given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
1084 verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
1085 certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,
1086 `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on
1087 the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.
1089 Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
1090 of clones and fetches.
1092 `GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::
1093 Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
1094 time of each Git command.
1095 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1098 Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
1099 working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
1100 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1102 `GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::
1103 Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
1104 cloning of shallow repositories.
1105 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1108 Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
1109 including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
1110 This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.
1111 This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment
1113 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1115 `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
1116 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1117 pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
1118 running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
1119 for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
1120 glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
1121 literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
1122 `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
1124 `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::
1125 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1126 pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
1128 `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::
1129 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1130 pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
1132 `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::
1133 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1134 pathspecs as case-insensitive.
1136 `GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::
1137 When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
1138 track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
1139 typically the name of the high-level command that updated
1140 the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
1141 A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
1142 helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
1143 variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
1144 end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
1146 `GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::
1147 If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating
1148 over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this
1149 does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and
1150 abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets
1151 this variable automatically when performing destructive
1152 operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set
1153 it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure
1154 an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are
1155 cloning a repository to make a backup).
1157 `GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::
1158 If set, provide a colon-separated list of protocols which are
1159 allowed to be used with fetch/push/clone. This is useful to
1160 restrict recursive submodule initialization from an untrusted
1161 repository. Any protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e.,
1162 this is a whitelist, not a blacklist). If the variable is not
1163 set at all, all protocols are enabled. The protocol names
1164 currently used by git are:
1166 - `file`: any local file-based path (including `file://` URLs,
1169 - `git`: the anonymous git protocol over a direct TCP
1170 connection (or proxy, if configured)
1172 - `ssh`: git over ssh (including `host:path` syntax,
1175 - `http`: git over http, both "smart http" and "dumb http".
1176 Note that this does _not_ include `https`; if you want both,
1177 you should specify both as `http:https`.
1179 - any external helpers are named by their protocol (e.g., use
1180 `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
1183 Discussion[[Discussion]]
1184 ------------------------
1186 More detail on the following is available from the
1187 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
1188 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
1190 A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
1191 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
1192 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
1193 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
1194 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
1195 as tags and branch heads.
1197 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
1198 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
1199 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
1200 and some number of parent commits.
1202 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
1203 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
1204 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
1205 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
1207 All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
1208 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
1209 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
1210 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
1213 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
1214 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
1216 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
1217 may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
1218 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
1219 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of
1220 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
1221 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
1223 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
1224 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
1225 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
1226 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
1227 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
1228 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
1229 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
1230 content stored in the index.
1232 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
1233 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
1234 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
1236 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
1237 ---------------------
1239 See the references in the "description" section to get started
1240 using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary
1241 for a first-time user.
1243 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
1244 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
1245 introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
1247 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
1249 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
1252 The internals are documented in the
1253 link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
1255 Users migrating from CVS may also want to
1256 read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
1261 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
1262 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
1263 <git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary
1264 gives you a more complete list of contributors.
1266 If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
1267 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
1268 the authors for specific parts of the project.
1273 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
1274 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
1275 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
1279 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
1280 linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
1281 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
1282 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
1283 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
1287 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite