6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
18 The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
19 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
20 the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
21 each commit introduces are shown.
28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
29 (works only for a single file).
32 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
37 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
38 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
39 shown. The default option is 'short'.
42 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
46 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
47 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
48 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
51 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
52 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
53 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
54 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
55 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
57 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
58 produced by `--stat`, etc.
61 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
62 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
63 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
64 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
66 -L <start>,<end>:<file>::
67 -L :<funcname>:<file>::
68 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
69 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
70 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
71 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
72 give zero or one positive revision arguments.
73 You can specify this option more than once.
75 include::line-range-format.txt[]
78 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
79 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
80 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
81 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
82 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
83 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
84 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
87 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
88 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
89 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
92 Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from
93 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
95 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
97 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
103 include::diff-options.txt[]
105 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
109 `git log --no-merges`::
111 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
113 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
115 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
116 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
118 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
120 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
121 The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
124 `git log --name-status release..test`::
126 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
127 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
128 each commit modifies.
130 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
132 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
133 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
136 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
138 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
139 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
142 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
144 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
145 repository master branches.
147 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
149 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
150 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
151 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
152 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
153 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
155 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
157 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
162 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
172 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
173 for settings related to diff generation.
176 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
177 Defaults to `medium`.
179 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
180 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
181 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
185 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
186 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
187 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
190 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
191 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
192 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
193 on non-linear history.
196 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
197 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
198 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
199 The default is `true`.
202 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
203 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
206 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
209 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
210 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
211 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
212 linkgit:git-notes[1].
214 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
215 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
216 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
218 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
219 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
220 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
224 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite