Merge branch 'jt/lazy-fetch'

[git] / builtin / log.c

/*
 * Builtin "git log" and related commands (show, whatchanged)
 *
 * (C) Copyright 2006 Linus Torvalds
 *               2006 Junio Hamano
 */
#define USE_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
#include "cache.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "object-store.h"
#include "color.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "log-tree.h"
#include "builtin.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "reflog-walk.h"
#include "patch-ids.h"
#include "run-command.h"
#include "shortlog.h"
#include "remote.h"
#include "string-list.h"
#include "parse-options.h"
#include "line-log.h"
#include "branch.h"
#include "streaming.h"
#include "version.h"
#include "mailmap.h"
#include "gpg-interface.h"
#include "progress.h"
#include "commit-slab.h"
#include "repository.h"
#include "commit-reach.h"
#include "interdiff.h"
#include "range-diff.h"

#define MAIL_DEFAULT_WRAP 72
#define COVER_FROM_AUTO_MAX_SUBJECT_LEN 100

/* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;

static int default_abbrev_commit;
static int default_show_root = 1;
static int default_follow;
static int default_show_signature;
static int default_encode_email_headers = 1;
static int decoration_style;
static int decoration_given;
static int use_mailmap_config = 1;
static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
static const char *fmt_pretty;

static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
        N_("git log [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]"),
        N_("git show [<options>] <object>..."),
        NULL
};

struct line_opt_callback_data {
        struct rev_info *rev;
        const char *prefix;
        struct string_list args;
};

static int session_is_interactive(void)
{
        return isatty(1) || pager_in_use();
}

static int auto_decoration_style(void)
{
        return session_is_interactive() ? DECORATE_SHORT_REFS : 0;
}

static int parse_decoration_style(const char *value)
{
        switch (git_parse_maybe_bool(value)) {
        case 1:
                return DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
        case 0:
                return 0;
        default:
                break;
        }
        if (!strcmp(value, "full"))
                return DECORATE_FULL_REFS;
        else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
                return DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
        else if (!strcmp(value, "auto"))
                return auto_decoration_style();
        /*
         * Please update _git_log() in git-completion.bash when you
         * add new decoration styles.
         */
        return -1;
}

static int decorate_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset)
                decoration_style = 0;
        else if (arg)
                decoration_style = parse_decoration_style(arg);
        else
                decoration_style = DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;

        if (decoration_style < 0)
                die(_("invalid --decorate option: %s"), arg);

        decoration_given = 1;

        return 0;
}

static int log_line_range_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;

        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);

        if (!arg)
                return -1;

        data->rev->line_level_traverse = 1;
        string_list_append(&data->args, arg);

        return 0;
}

static void init_log_defaults(void)
{
        init_grep_defaults(the_repository);
        init_diff_ui_defaults();

        decoration_style = auto_decoration_style();
}

static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        if (fmt_pretty)
                get_commit_format(fmt_pretty, rev);
        if (default_follow)
                rev->diffopt.flags.default_follow_renames = 1;
        rev->verbose_header = 1;
        rev->diffopt.flags.recursive = 1;
        rev->diffopt.stat_width = -1; /* use full terminal width */
        rev->diffopt.stat_graph_width = -1; /* respect statGraphWidth config */
        rev->abbrev_commit = default_abbrev_commit;
        rev->show_root_diff = default_show_root;
        rev->subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
        rev->show_signature = default_show_signature;
        rev->encode_email_headers = default_encode_email_headers;
        rev->diffopt.flags.allow_textconv = 1;

        if (default_date_mode)
                parse_date_format(default_date_mode, &rev->date_mode);
}

static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
                         struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
        struct userformat_want w;
        int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap;
        static struct line_opt_callback_data line_cb = {NULL, NULL, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP};
        static struct string_list decorate_refs_exclude = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
        static struct string_list decorate_refs_exclude_config = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
        static struct string_list decorate_refs_include = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
        struct decoration_filter decoration_filter = {&decorate_refs_include,
                                                      &decorate_refs_exclude,
                                                      &decorate_refs_exclude_config};
        static struct revision_sources revision_sources;

        const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
                OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
                OPT_ALIAS(0, "mailmap", "use-mailmap"),
                OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "decorate-refs", &decorate_refs_include,
                                N_("pattern"), N_("only decorate refs that match <pattern>")),
                OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "decorate-refs-exclude", &decorate_refs_exclude,
                                N_("pattern"), N_("do not decorate refs that match <pattern>")),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
                               PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &line_cb, "n,m:file",
                             N_("Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"),
                             log_line_range_callback),
                OPT_END()
        };

        line_cb.rev = rev;
        line_cb.prefix = prefix;

        mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
                             builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);

        if (quiet)
                rev->diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
        argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);

        /* Any arguments at this point are not recognized */
        if (argc > 1)
                die(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);

        memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
        userformat_find_requirements(NULL, &w);

        if (!rev->show_notes_given && (!rev->pretty_given || w.notes))
                rev->show_notes = 1;
        if (rev->show_notes)
                load_display_notes(&rev->notes_opt);

        if ((rev->diffopt.pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_KINDS_MASK) ||
            rev->diffopt.filter || rev->diffopt.flags.follow_renames)
                rev->always_show_header = 0;

        if (source || w.source) {
                init_revision_sources(&revision_sources);
                rev->sources = &revision_sources;
        }

        if (mailmap) {
                rev->mailmap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
                read_mailmap(rev->mailmap, NULL);
        }

        if (rev->pretty_given && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
                /*
                 * "log --pretty=raw" is special; ignore UI oriented
                 * configuration variables such as decoration.
                 */
                if (!decoration_given)
                        decoration_style = 0;
                if (!rev->abbrev_commit_given)
                        rev->abbrev_commit = 0;
        }

        if (decoration_style) {
                const struct string_list *config_exclude =
                        repo_config_get_value_multi(the_repository,
                                                    "log.excludeDecoration");

                if (config_exclude) {
                        struct string_list_item *item;
                        for_each_string_list_item(item, config_exclude)
                                string_list_append(&decorate_refs_exclude_config,
                                                   item->string);
                }

                rev->show_decorations = 1;

                load_ref_decorations(&decoration_filter, decoration_style);
        }

        if (rev->line_level_traverse)
                line_log_init(rev, line_cb.prefix, &line_cb.args);

        setup_pager();
}

static void cmd_log_init(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
                         struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
        cmd_log_init_defaults(rev);
        cmd_log_init_finish(argc, argv, prefix, rev, opt);
}

/*
 * This gives a rough estimate for how many commits we
 * will print out in the list.
 */
static int estimate_commit_count(struct commit_list *list)
{
        int n = 0;

        while (list) {
                struct commit *commit = list->item;
                unsigned int flags = commit->object.flags;
                list = list->next;
                if (!(flags & (TREESAME | UNINTERESTING)))
                        n++;
        }
        return n;
}

static void show_early_header(struct rev_info *rev, const char *stage, int nr)
{
        if (rev->shown_one) {
                rev->shown_one = 0;
                if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
                        putchar(rev->diffopt.line_termination);
        }
        fprintf(rev->diffopt.file, _("Final output: %d %s\n"), nr, stage);
}

static struct itimerval early_output_timer;

static void log_show_early(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit_list *list)
{
        int i = revs->early_output, close_file = revs->diffopt.close_file;
        int show_header = 1;

        revs->diffopt.close_file = 0;
        sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->sort_order);
        while (list && i) {
                struct commit *commit = list->item;
                switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
                case commit_show:
                        if (show_header) {
                                int n = estimate_commit_count(list);
                                show_early_header(revs, "incomplete", n);
                                show_header = 0;
                        }
                        log_tree_commit(revs, commit);
                        i--;
                        break;
                case commit_ignore:
                        break;
                case commit_error:
                        if (close_file)
                                fclose(revs->diffopt.file);
                        return;
                }
                list = list->next;
        }

        /* Did we already get enough commits for the early output? */
        if (!i) {
                if (close_file)
                        fclose(revs->diffopt.file);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * ..if no, then repeat it twice a second until we
         * do.
         *
         * NOTE! We don't use "it_interval", because if the
         * reader isn't listening, we want our output to be
         * throttled by the writing, and not have the timer
         * trigger every second even if we're blocked on a
         * reader!
         */
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 500000;
        setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &early_output_timer, NULL);
}

static void early_output(int signal)
{
        show_early_output = log_show_early;
}

static void setup_early_output(void)
{
        struct sigaction sa;

        /*
         * Set up the signal handler, minimally intrusively:
         * we only set a single volatile integer word (not
         * using sigatomic_t - trying to avoid unnecessary
         * system dependencies and headers), and using
         * SA_RESTART.
         */
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sa_handler = early_output;
        sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
        sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
        sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);

        /*
         * If we can get the whole output in less than a
         * tenth of a second, don't even bother doing the
         * early-output thing..
         *
         * This is a one-time-only trigger.
         */
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_sec = 0;
        early_output_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 100000;
        setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &early_output_timer, NULL);
}

static void finish_early_output(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        int n = estimate_commit_count(rev->commits);
        signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
        show_early_header(rev, "done", n);
}

static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        struct commit *commit;
        int saved_nrl = 0;
        int saved_dcctc = 0, close_file = rev->diffopt.close_file;

        if (rev->early_output)
                setup_early_output();

        if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
                die(_("revision walk setup failed"));

        if (rev->early_output)
                finish_early_output(rev);

        /*
         * For --check and --exit-code, the exit code is based on CHECK_FAILED
         * and HAS_CHANGES being accumulated in rev->diffopt, so be careful to
         * retain that state information if replacing rev->diffopt in this loop
         */
        rev->diffopt.close_file = 0;
        while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
                if (!log_tree_commit(rev, commit) && rev->max_count >= 0)
                        /*
                         * We decremented max_count in get_revision,
                         * but we didn't actually show the commit.
                         */
                        rev->max_count++;
                if (!rev->reflog_info) {
                        /*
                         * We may show a given commit multiple times when
                         * walking the reflogs.
                         */
                        free_commit_buffer(the_repository->parsed_objects,
                                           commit);
                        free_commit_list(commit->parents);
                        commit->parents = NULL;
                }
                if (saved_nrl < rev->diffopt.needed_rename_limit)
                        saved_nrl = rev->diffopt.needed_rename_limit;
                if (rev->diffopt.degraded_cc_to_c)
                        saved_dcctc = 1;
        }
        rev->diffopt.degraded_cc_to_c = saved_dcctc;
        rev->diffopt.needed_rename_limit = saved_nrl;
        if (close_file)
                fclose(rev->diffopt.file);

        if (rev->diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF &&
            rev->diffopt.flags.check_failed) {
                return 02;
        }
        return diff_result_code(&rev->diffopt, 0);
}

static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
{
        const char *slot_name;

        if (!strcmp(var, "format.pretty"))
                return git_config_string(&fmt_pretty, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.subjectprefix"))
                return git_config_string(&fmt_patch_subject_prefix, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.encodeemailheaders")) {
                default_encode_email_headers = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.abbrevcommit")) {
                default_abbrev_commit = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.date"))
                return git_config_string(&default_date_mode, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.decorate")) {
                decoration_style = parse_decoration_style(value);
                if (decoration_style < 0)
                        decoration_style = 0; /* maybe warn? */
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.showroot")) {
                default_show_root = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.follow")) {
                default_follow = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (skip_prefix(var, "color.decorate.", &slot_name))
                return parse_decorate_color_config(var, slot_name, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.mailmap")) {
                use_mailmap_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "log.showsignature")) {
                default_show_signature = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }

        if (grep_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
                return -1;
        if (git_gpg_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
                return -1;
        return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
}

int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;

        init_log_defaults();
        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.simplify_history = 0;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
        if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
                rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
        return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
}

static void show_tagger(const char *buf, struct rev_info *rev)
{
        struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};

        pp.fmt = rev->commit_format;
        pp.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
        pp_user_info(&pp, "Tagger", &out, buf, get_log_output_encoding());
        fprintf(rev->diffopt.file, "%s", out.buf);
        strbuf_release(&out);
}

static int show_blob_object(const struct object_id *oid, struct rev_info *rev, const char *obj_name)
{
        struct object_id oidc;
        struct object_context obj_context;
        char *buf;
        unsigned long size;

        fflush(rev->diffopt.file);
        if (!rev->diffopt.flags.textconv_set_via_cmdline ||
            !rev->diffopt.flags.allow_textconv)
                return stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0);

        if (get_oid_with_context(the_repository, obj_name,
                                 GET_OID_RECORD_PATH,
                                 &oidc, &obj_context))
                die(_("not a valid object name %s"), obj_name);
        if (!obj_context.path ||
            !textconv_object(the_repository, obj_context.path,
                             obj_context.mode, &oidc, 1, &buf, &size)) {
                free(obj_context.path);
                return stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0);
        }

        if (!buf)
                die(_("git show %s: bad file"), obj_name);

        write_or_die(1, buf, size);
        free(obj_context.path);
        return 0;
}

static int show_tag_object(const struct object_id *oid, struct rev_info *rev)
{
        unsigned long size;
        enum object_type type;
        char *buf = read_object_file(oid, &type, &size);
        int offset = 0;

        if (!buf)
                return error(_("could not read object %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));

        assert(type == OBJ_TAG);
        while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
                int new_offset = offset + 1;
                const char *ident;
                while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
                        ; /* do nothing */
                if (skip_prefix(buf + offset, "tagger ", &ident))
                        show_tagger(ident, rev);
                offset = new_offset;
        }

        if (offset < size)
                fwrite(buf + offset, size - offset, 1, rev->diffopt.file);
        free(buf);
        return 0;
}

static int show_tree_object(const struct object_id *oid,
                struct strbuf *base,
                const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
{
        FILE *file = context;
        fprintf(file, "%s%s\n", pathname, S_ISDIR(mode) ? "/" : "");
        return 0;
}

static void show_setup_revisions_tweak(struct rev_info *rev,
                                       struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
        if (rev->ignore_merges < 0) {
                /* There was no "-m" variant on the command line */
                rev->ignore_merges = 0;
                if (!rev->first_parent_only && !rev->combine_merges) {
                        /* No "--first-parent", "-c", or "--cc" */
                        rev->combine_merges = 1;
                        rev->dense_combined_merges = 1;
                }
        }
        if (!rev->diffopt.output_format)
                rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
}

int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct object_array_entry *objects;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;
        struct pathspec match_all;
        int i, count, ret = 0;

        init_log_defaults();
        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.always_show_header = 1;
        rev.no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
        rev.diffopt.stat_width = -1;    /* Scale to real terminal size */

        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        opt.tweak = show_setup_revisions_tweak;
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);

        if (!rev.no_walk)
                return cmd_log_walk(&rev);

        count = rev.pending.nr;
        objects = rev.pending.objects;
        for (i = 0; i < count && !ret; i++) {
                struct object *o = objects[i].item;
                const char *name = objects[i].name;
                switch (o->type) {
                case OBJ_BLOB:
                        ret = show_blob_object(&o->oid, &rev, name);
                        break;
                case OBJ_TAG: {
                        struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;
                        struct object_id *oid = get_tagged_oid(t);

                        if (rev.shown_one)
                                putchar('\n');
                        fprintf(rev.diffopt.file, "%stag %s%s\n",
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
                                        t->tag,
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
                        ret = show_tag_object(&o->oid, &rev);
                        rev.shown_one = 1;
                        if (ret)
                                break;
                        o = parse_object(the_repository, oid);
                        if (!o)
                                ret = error(_("could not read object %s"),
                                            oid_to_hex(oid));
                        objects[i].item = o;
                        i--;
                        break;
                }
                case OBJ_TREE:
                        if (rev.shown_one)
                                putchar('\n');
                        fprintf(rev.diffopt.file, "%stree %s%s\n\n",
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
                                        name,
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
                        read_tree_recursive(the_repository, (struct tree *)o, "",
                                            0, 0, &match_all, show_tree_object,
                                            rev.diffopt.file);
                        rev.shown_one = 1;
                        break;
                case OBJ_COMMIT:
                        rev.pending.nr = rev.pending.alloc = 0;
                        rev.pending.objects = NULL;
                        add_object_array(o, name, &rev.pending);
                        ret = cmd_log_walk(&rev);
                        break;
                default:
                        ret = error(_("unknown type: %d"), o->type);
                }
        }
        free(objects);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This is equivalent to "git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline"
 */
int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;

        init_log_defaults();
        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
        init_reflog_walk(&rev.reflog_info);
        rev.verbose_header = 1;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        cmd_log_init_defaults(&rev);
        rev.abbrev_commit = 1;
        rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_ONELINE;
        rev.use_terminator = 1;
        rev.always_show_header = 1;
        cmd_log_init_finish(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);

        return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
}

static void log_setup_revisions_tweak(struct rev_info *rev,
                                      struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
        if (rev->diffopt.flags.default_follow_renames &&
            rev->prune_data.nr == 1)
                rev->diffopt.flags.follow_renames = 1;

        /* Turn --cc/-c into -p --cc/-c when -p was not given */
        if (!rev->diffopt.output_format && rev->combine_merges)
                rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;

        if (rev->first_parent_only && rev->ignore_merges < 0)
                rev->ignore_merges = 0;
}

int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;

        init_log_defaults();
        git_config(git_log_config, NULL);

        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
        rev.always_show_header = 1;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.def = "HEAD";
        opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
        opt.tweak = log_setup_revisions_tweak;
        cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
        return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
}

/* format-patch */

static const char *fmt_patch_suffix = ".patch";
static int numbered = 0;
static int auto_number = 1;

static char *default_attach = NULL;

static struct string_list extra_hdr = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
static struct string_list extra_to = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
static struct string_list extra_cc = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;

static void add_header(const char *value)
{
        struct string_list_item *item;
        int len = strlen(value);
        while (len && value[len - 1] == '\n')
                len--;

        if (!strncasecmp(value, "to: ", 4)) {
                item = string_list_append(&extra_to, value + 4);
                len -= 4;
        } else if (!strncasecmp(value, "cc: ", 4)) {
                item = string_list_append(&extra_cc, value + 4);
                len -= 4;
        } else {
                item = string_list_append(&extra_hdr, value);
        }

        item->string[len] = '\0';
}

enum cover_setting {
        COVER_UNSET,
        COVER_OFF,
        COVER_ON,
        COVER_AUTO
};

enum thread_level {
        THREAD_UNSET,
        THREAD_SHALLOW,
        THREAD_DEEP
};

enum cover_from_description {
        COVER_FROM_NONE,
        COVER_FROM_MESSAGE,
        COVER_FROM_SUBJECT,
        COVER_FROM_AUTO
};

static enum thread_level thread;
static int do_signoff;
static int base_auto;
static char *from;
static const char *signature = git_version_string;
static const char *signature_file;
static enum cover_setting config_cover_letter;
static const char *config_output_directory;
static enum cover_from_description cover_from_description_mode = COVER_FROM_MESSAGE;
static int show_notes;
static struct display_notes_opt notes_opt;

static enum cover_from_description parse_cover_from_description(const char *arg)
{
        if (!arg || !strcmp(arg, "default"))
                return COVER_FROM_MESSAGE;
        else if (!strcmp(arg, "none"))
                return COVER_FROM_NONE;
        else if (!strcmp(arg, "message"))
                return COVER_FROM_MESSAGE;
        else if (!strcmp(arg, "subject"))
                return COVER_FROM_SUBJECT;
        else if (!strcmp(arg, "auto"))
                return COVER_FROM_AUTO;
        else
                die(_("%s: invalid cover from description mode"), arg);
}

static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
{
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.headers")) {
                if (!value)
                        die(_("format.headers without value"));
                add_header(value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.suffix"))
                return git_config_string(&fmt_patch_suffix, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.to")) {
                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                string_list_append(&extra_to, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.cc")) {
                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                string_list_append(&extra_cc, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff") ||
            !strcmp(var, "color.ui") || !strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.numbered")) {
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
                        auto_number = 1;
                        return 0;
                }
                numbered = git_config_bool(var, value);
                auto_number = auto_number && numbered;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.attach")) {
                if (value && *value)
                        default_attach = xstrdup(value);
                else
                        default_attach = xstrdup(git_version_string);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.thread")) {
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "deep")) {
                        thread = THREAD_DEEP;
                        return 0;
                }
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "shallow")) {
                        thread = THREAD_SHALLOW;
                        return 0;
                }
                thread = git_config_bool(var, value) ? THREAD_SHALLOW : THREAD_UNSET;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.signoff")) {
                do_signoff = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.signature"))
                return git_config_string(&signature, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.signaturefile"))
                return git_config_pathname(&signature_file, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverletter")) {
                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
                        config_cover_letter = COVER_AUTO;
                        return 0;
                }
                config_cover_letter = git_config_bool(var, value) ? COVER_ON : COVER_OFF;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.outputdirectory"))
                return git_config_string(&config_output_directory, var, value);
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.useautobase")) {
                base_auto = git_config_bool(var, value);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.from")) {
                int b = git_parse_maybe_bool(value);
                free(from);
                if (b < 0)
                        from = xstrdup(value);
                else if (b)
                        from = xstrdup(git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE));
                else
                        from = NULL;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.notes")) {
                int b = git_parse_maybe_bool(value);
                if (b < 0)
                        enable_ref_display_notes(&notes_opt, &show_notes, value);
                else if (b)
                        enable_default_display_notes(&notes_opt, &show_notes);
                else
                        disable_display_notes(&notes_opt, &show_notes);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverfromdescription")) {
                cover_from_description_mode = parse_cover_from_description(value);
                return 0;
        }

        return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
}

static const char *output_directory = NULL;
static int outdir_offset;

static int open_next_file(struct commit *commit, const char *subject,
                         struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
{
        struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
        int suffix_len = strlen(rev->patch_suffix) + 1;

        if (output_directory) {
                strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
                if (filename.len >=
                    PATH_MAX - FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len) {
                        strbuf_release(&filename);
                        return error(_("name of output directory is too long"));
                }
                strbuf_complete(&filename, '/');
        }

        if (rev->numbered_files)
                strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", rev->nr);
        else if (commit)
                fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, rev);
        else
                fmt_output_subject(&filename, subject, rev);

        if (!quiet)
                printf("%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);

        if ((rev->diffopt.file = fopen(filename.buf, "w")) == NULL) {
                error_errno(_("cannot open patch file %s"), filename.buf);
                strbuf_release(&filename);
                return -1;
        }

        strbuf_release(&filename);
        return 0;
}

static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids)
{
        struct rev_info check_rev;
        struct commit *commit, *c1, *c2;
        struct object *o1, *o2;
        unsigned flags1, flags2;

        if (rev->pending.nr != 2)
                die(_("need exactly one range"));

        o1 = rev->pending.objects[0].item;
        o2 = rev->pending.objects[1].item;
        flags1 = o1->flags;
        flags2 = o2->flags;
        c1 = lookup_commit_reference(the_repository, &o1->oid);
        c2 = lookup_commit_reference(the_repository, &o2->oid);

        if ((flags1 & UNINTERESTING) == (flags2 & UNINTERESTING))
                die(_("not a range"));

        init_patch_ids(the_repository, ids);

        /* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &check_rev, rev->prefix);
        check_rev.max_parents = 1;
        o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
        o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
        add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
        add_pending_object(&check_rev, o2, "o2");
        if (prepare_revision_walk(&check_rev))
                die(_("revision walk setup failed"));

        while ((commit = get_revision(&check_rev)) != NULL) {
                add_commit_patch_id(commit, ids);
        }

        /* reset for next revision walk */
        clear_commit_marks(c1, SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
        clear_commit_marks(c2, SEEN | UNINTERESTING | SHOWN | ADDED);
        o1->flags = flags1;
        o2->flags = flags2;
}

static void gen_message_id(struct rev_info *info, char *base)
{
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%"PRItime".git.%s", base,
                    (timestamp_t) time(NULL),
                    git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_NAME|IDENT_NO_DATE|IDENT_STRICT));
        info->message_id = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
}

static void print_signature(FILE *file)
{
        if (!signature || !*signature)
                return;

        fprintf(file, "-- \n%s", signature);
        if (signature[strlen(signature)-1] != '\n')
                putc('\n', file);
        putc('\n', file);
}

static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
{
        int i, positive = -1;
        struct object_id branch_oid;
        const struct object_id *tip_oid;
        const char *ref, *v;
        char *full_ref, *branch = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
                if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
                        continue;
                if (positive < 0)
                        positive = i;
                else
                        return NULL;
        }
        if (positive < 0)
                return NULL;
        ref = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name;
        tip_oid = &rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->oid;
        if (dwim_ref(ref, strlen(ref), &branch_oid, &full_ref) &&
            skip_prefix(full_ref, "refs/heads/", &v) &&
            oideq(tip_oid, &branch_oid))
                branch = xstrdup(v);
        free(full_ref);
        return branch;
}

static void show_diffstat(struct rev_info *rev,
                          struct commit *origin, struct commit *head)
{
        struct diff_options opts;

        memcpy(&opts, &rev->diffopt, sizeof(opts));
        opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
        diff_setup_done(&opts);

        diff_tree_oid(get_commit_tree_oid(origin),
                      get_commit_tree_oid(head),
                      "", &opts);
        diffcore_std(&opts);
        diff_flush(&opts);

        fprintf(rev->diffopt.file, "\n");
}

static void prepare_cover_text(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
                               const char *branch_name,
                               struct strbuf *sb,
                               const char *encoding,
                               int need_8bit_cte)
{
        const char *subject = "*** SUBJECT HERE ***";
        const char *body = "*** BLURB HERE ***";
        struct strbuf description_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf subject_sb = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (cover_from_description_mode == COVER_FROM_NONE)
                goto do_pp;

        if (branch_name && *branch_name)
                read_branch_desc(&description_sb, branch_name);
        if (!description_sb.len)
                goto do_pp;

        if (cover_from_description_mode == COVER_FROM_SUBJECT ||
                        cover_from_description_mode == COVER_FROM_AUTO)
                body = format_subject(&subject_sb, description_sb.buf, " ");

        if (cover_from_description_mode == COVER_FROM_MESSAGE ||
                        (cover_from_description_mode == COVER_FROM_AUTO &&
                         subject_sb.len > COVER_FROM_AUTO_MAX_SUBJECT_LEN))
                body = description_sb.buf;
        else
                subject = subject_sb.buf;

do_pp:
        pp_title_line(pp, &subject, sb, encoding, need_8bit_cte);
        pp_remainder(pp, &body, sb, 0);

        strbuf_release(&description_sb);
        strbuf_release(&subject_sb);
}

static int get_notes_refs(struct string_list_item *item, void *arg)
{
        strvec_pushf(arg, "--notes=%s", item->string);
        return 0;
}

static void get_notes_args(struct strvec *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
{
        if (!rev->show_notes) {
                strvec_push(arg, "--no-notes");
        } else if (rev->notes_opt.use_default_notes > 0 ||
                   (rev->notes_opt.use_default_notes == -1 &&
                    !rev->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs.nr)) {
                strvec_push(arg, "--notes");
        } else {
                for_each_string_list(&rev->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs, get_notes_refs, arg);
        }
}

static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
                              struct commit *origin,
                              int nr, struct commit **list,
                              const char *branch_name,
                              int quiet)
{
        const char *committer;
        struct shortlog log;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        int i;
        const char *encoding = "UTF-8";
        int need_8bit_cte = 0;
        struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
        struct commit *head = list[0];

        if (!cmit_fmt_is_mail(rev->commit_format))
                die(_("cover letter needs email format"));

        committer = git_committer_info(0);

        if (!use_stdout &&
            open_next_file(NULL, rev->numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
                die(_("failed to create cover-letter file"));

        log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &pp.after_subject, &need_8bit_cte, 0);

        for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++) {
                const char *buf = get_commit_buffer(list[i], NULL);
                if (has_non_ascii(buf))
                        need_8bit_cte = 1;
                unuse_commit_buffer(list[i], buf);
        }

        if (!branch_name)
                branch_name = find_branch_name(rev);

        pp.fmt = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
        pp.date_mode.type = DATE_RFC2822;
        pp.rev = rev;
        pp.print_email_subject = 1;
        pp_user_info(&pp, NULL, &sb, committer, encoding);
        prepare_cover_text(&pp, branch_name, &sb, encoding, need_8bit_cte);
        fprintf(rev->diffopt.file, "%s\n", sb.buf);

        strbuf_release(&sb);

        shortlog_init(&log);
        log.wrap_lines = 1;
        log.wrap = MAIL_DEFAULT_WRAP;
        log.in1 = 2;
        log.in2 = 4;
        log.file = rev->diffopt.file;
        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
                shortlog_add_commit(&log, list[i]);

        shortlog_output(&log);

        /* We can only do diffstat with a unique reference point */
        if (origin)
                show_diffstat(rev, origin, head);

        if (rev->idiff_oid1) {
                fprintf_ln(rev->diffopt.file, "%s", rev->idiff_title);
                show_interdiff(rev, 0);
        }

        if (rev->rdiff1) {
                /*
                 * Pass minimum required diff-options to range-diff; others
                 * can be added later if deemed desirable.
                 */
                struct diff_options opts;
                struct strvec other_arg = STRVEC_INIT;
                diff_setup(&opts);
                opts.file = rev->diffopt.file;
                opts.use_color = rev->diffopt.use_color;
                diff_setup_done(&opts);
                fprintf_ln(rev->diffopt.file, "%s", rev->rdiff_title);
                get_notes_args(&other_arg, rev);
                show_range_diff(rev->rdiff1, rev->rdiff2,
                                rev->creation_factor, 1, &opts, &other_arg);
                strvec_clear(&other_arg);
        }
}

static const char *clean_message_id(const char *msg_id)
{
        char ch;
        const char *a, *z, *m;

        m = msg_id;
        while ((ch = *m) && (isspace(ch) || (ch == '<')))
                m++;
        a = m;
        z = NULL;
        while ((ch = *m)) {
                if (!isspace(ch) && (ch != '>'))
                        z = m;
                m++;
        }
        if (!z)
                die(_("insane in-reply-to: %s"), msg_id);
        if (++z == m)
                return a;
        return xmemdupz(a, z - a);
}

static const char *set_outdir(const char *prefix, const char *output_directory)
{
        if (output_directory && is_absolute_path(output_directory))
                return output_directory;

        if (!prefix || !*prefix) {
                if (output_directory)
                        return output_directory;
                /* The user did not explicitly ask for "./" */
                outdir_offset = 2;
                return "./";
        }

        outdir_offset = strlen(prefix);
        if (!output_directory)
                return prefix;

        return prefix_filename(prefix, output_directory);
}

static const char * const builtin_format_patch_usage[] = {
        N_("git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"),
        NULL
};

static int keep_subject = 0;

static int keep_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
        BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
        ((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->total = -1;
        keep_subject = 1;
        return 0;
}

static int subject_prefix = 0;

static int subject_prefix_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                            int unset)
{
        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
        subject_prefix = 1;
        ((struct rev_info *)opt->value)->subject_prefix = arg;
        return 0;
}

static int rfc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
        BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
        return subject_prefix_callback(opt, "RFC PATCH", unset);
}

static int numbered_cmdline_opt = 0;

static int numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                             int unset)
{
        BUG_ON_OPT_ARG(arg);
        *(int *)opt->value = numbered_cmdline_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
        if (unset)
                auto_number =  0;
        return 0;
}

static int no_numbered_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                                int unset)
{
        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
        return numbered_callback(opt, arg, 1);
}

static int output_directory_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
                              int unset)
{
        const char **dir = (const char **)opt->value;
        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
        if (*dir)
                die(_("two output directories?"));
        *dir = arg;
        return 0;
}

static int thread_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        enum thread_level *thread = (enum thread_level *)opt->value;
        if (unset)
                *thread = THREAD_UNSET;
        else if (!arg || !strcmp(arg, "shallow"))
                *thread = THREAD_SHALLOW;
        else if (!strcmp(arg, "deep"))
                *thread = THREAD_DEEP;
        /*
         * Please update _git_formatpatch() in git-completion.bash
         * when you add new options.
         */
        else
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

static int attach_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        struct rev_info *rev = (struct rev_info *)opt->value;
        if (unset)
                rev->mime_boundary = NULL;
        else if (arg)
                rev->mime_boundary = arg;
        else
                rev->mime_boundary = git_version_string;
        rev->no_inline = unset ? 0 : 1;
        return 0;
}

static int inline_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        struct rev_info *rev = (struct rev_info *)opt->value;
        if (unset)
                rev->mime_boundary = NULL;
        else if (arg)
                rev->mime_boundary = arg;
        else
                rev->mime_boundary = git_version_string;
        rev->no_inline = 0;
        return 0;
}

static int header_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset) {
                string_list_clear(&extra_hdr, 0);
                string_list_clear(&extra_to, 0);
                string_list_clear(&extra_cc, 0);
        } else {
                add_header(arg);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int to_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset)
                string_list_clear(&extra_to, 0);
        else
                string_list_append(&extra_to, arg);
        return 0;
}

static int cc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        if (unset)
                string_list_clear(&extra_cc, 0);
        else
                string_list_append(&extra_cc, arg);
        return 0;
}

static int from_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        char **from = opt->value;

        free(*from);

        if (unset)
                *from = NULL;
        else if (arg)
                *from = xstrdup(arg);
        else
                *from = xstrdup(git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE));
        return 0;
}

struct base_tree_info {
        struct object_id base_commit;
        int nr_patch_id, alloc_patch_id;
        struct object_id *patch_id;
};

static struct commit *get_base_commit(const char *base_commit,
                                      struct commit **list,
                                      int total)
{
        struct commit *base = NULL;
        struct commit **rev;
        int i = 0, rev_nr = 0;

        if (base_commit && strcmp(base_commit, "auto")) {
                base = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(base_commit);
                if (!base)
                        die(_("unknown commit %s"), base_commit);
        } else if ((base_commit && !strcmp(base_commit, "auto"))) {
                struct branch *curr_branch = branch_get(NULL);
                const char *upstream = branch_get_upstream(curr_branch, NULL);
                if (upstream) {
                        struct commit_list *base_list;
                        struct commit *commit;
                        struct object_id oid;

                        if (get_oid(upstream, &oid))
                                die(_("failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref"), upstream);
                        commit = lookup_commit_or_die(&oid, "upstream base");
                        base_list = get_merge_bases_many(commit, total, list);
                        /* There should be one and only one merge base. */
                        if (!base_list || base_list->next)
                                die(_("could not find exact merge base"));
                        base = base_list->item;
                        free_commit_list(base_list);
                } else {
                        die(_("failed to get upstream, if you want to record base commit automatically,\n"
                              "please use git branch --set-upstream-to to track a remote branch.\n"
                              "Or you could specify base commit by --base=<base-commit-id> manually"));
                }
        }

        ALLOC_ARRAY(rev, total);
        for (i = 0; i < total; i++)
                rev[i] = list[i];

        rev_nr = total;
        /*
         * Get merge base through pair-wise computations
         * and store it in rev[0].
         */
        while (rev_nr > 1) {
                for (i = 0; i < rev_nr / 2; i++) {
                        struct commit_list *merge_base;
                        merge_base = get_merge_bases(rev[2 * i], rev[2 * i + 1]);
                        if (!merge_base || merge_base->next)
                                die(_("failed to find exact merge base"));

                        rev[i] = merge_base->item;
                }

                if (rev_nr % 2)
                        rev[i] = rev[2 * i];
                rev_nr = DIV_ROUND_UP(rev_nr, 2);
        }

        if (!in_merge_bases(base, rev[0]))
                die(_("base commit should be the ancestor of revision list"));

        for (i = 0; i < total; i++) {
                if (base == list[i])
                        die(_("base commit shouldn't be in revision list"));
        }

        free(rev);
        return base;
}

define_commit_slab(commit_base, int);

static void prepare_bases(struct base_tree_info *bases,
                          struct commit *base,
                          struct commit **list,
                          int total)
{
        struct commit *commit;
        struct rev_info revs;
        struct diff_options diffopt;
        struct commit_base commit_base;
        int i;

        if (!base)
                return;

        init_commit_base(&commit_base);
        repo_diff_setup(the_repository, &diffopt);
        diffopt.flags.recursive = 1;
        diff_setup_done(&diffopt);

        oidcpy(&bases->base_commit, &base->object.oid);

        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, NULL);
        revs.max_parents = 1;
        revs.topo_order = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < total; i++) {
                list[i]->object.flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
                add_pending_object(&revs, &list[i]->object, "rev_list");
                *commit_base_at(&commit_base, list[i]) = 1;
        }
        base->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
        add_pending_object(&revs, &base->object, "base");

        if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
                die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
        /*
         * Traverse the commits list, get prerequisite patch ids
         * and stuff them in bases structure.
         */
        while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
                struct object_id oid;
                struct object_id *patch_id;
                if (*commit_base_at(&commit_base, commit))
                        continue;
                if (commit_patch_id(commit, &diffopt, &oid, 0, 1))
                        die(_("cannot get patch id"));
                ALLOC_GROW(bases->patch_id, bases->nr_patch_id + 1, bases->alloc_patch_id);
                patch_id = bases->patch_id + bases->nr_patch_id;
                oidcpy(patch_id, &oid);
                bases->nr_patch_id++;
        }
        clear_commit_base(&commit_base);
}

static void print_bases(struct base_tree_info *bases, FILE *file)
{
        int i;

        /* Only do this once, either for the cover or for the first one */
        if (is_null_oid(&bases->base_commit))
                return;

        /* Show the base commit */
        fprintf(file, "\nbase-commit: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&bases->base_commit));

        /* Show the prerequisite patches */
        for (i = bases->nr_patch_id - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                fprintf(file, "prerequisite-patch-id: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&bases->patch_id[i]));

        free(bases->patch_id);
        bases->nr_patch_id = 0;
        bases->alloc_patch_id = 0;
        oidclr(&bases->base_commit);
}

static const char *diff_title(struct strbuf *sb, int reroll_count,
                       const char *generic, const char *rerolled)
{
        if (reroll_count <= 0)
                strbuf_addstr(sb, generic);
        else /* RFC may be v0, so allow -v1 to diff against v0 */
                strbuf_addf(sb, rerolled, reroll_count - 1);
        return sb->buf;
}

static void infer_range_diff_ranges(struct strbuf *r1,
                                    struct strbuf *r2,
                                    const char *prev,
                                    struct commit *origin,
                                    struct commit *head)
{
        const char *head_oid = oid_to_hex(&head->object.oid);

        if (!strstr(prev, "..")) {
                strbuf_addf(r1, "%s..%s", head_oid, prev);
                strbuf_addf(r2, "%s..%s", prev, head_oid);
        } else if (!origin) {
                die(_("failed to infer range-diff ranges"));
        } else {
                strbuf_addstr(r1, prev);
                strbuf_addf(r2, "%s..%s",
                            oid_to_hex(&origin->object.oid), head_oid);
        }
}

int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct commit *commit;
        struct commit **list = NULL;
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt s_r_opt;
        int nr = 0, total, i;
        int use_stdout = 0;
        int start_number = -1;
        int just_numbers = 0;
        int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
        int cover_letter = -1;
        int boundary_count = 0;
        int no_binary_diff = 0;
        int zero_commit = 0;
        struct commit *origin = NULL;
        const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
        struct patch_ids ids;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int use_patch_format = 0;
        int quiet = 0;
        int reroll_count = -1;
        char *cover_from_description_arg = NULL;
        char *branch_name = NULL;
        char *base_commit = NULL;
        struct base_tree_info bases;
        int show_progress = 0;
        struct progress *progress = NULL;
        struct oid_array idiff_prev = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
        struct strbuf idiff_title = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *rdiff_prev = NULL;
        struct strbuf rdiff1 = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf rdiff2 = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf rdiff_title = STRBUF_INIT;
        int creation_factor = -1;

        const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
                OPT_CALLBACK_F('n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
                            N_("use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"),
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F('N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
                            N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, no_numbered_callback),
                OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
                            N_("print patches to standard out")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
                            N_("generate a cover letter")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "numbered-files", &just_numbers,
                            N_("use simple number sequence for output file names")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, N_("sfx"),
                            N_("use <sfx> instead of '.patch'")),
                OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
                            N_("start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1")),
                OPT_INTEGER('v', "reroll-count", &reroll_count,
                            N_("mark the series as Nth re-roll")),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "rfc", &rev, NULL,
                            N_("Use [RFC PATCH] instead of [PATCH]"),
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, rfc_callback),
                OPT_STRING(0, "cover-from-description", &cover_from_description_arg,
                            N_("cover-from-description-mode"),
                            N_("generate parts of a cover letter based on a branch's description")),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "subject-prefix", &rev, N_("prefix"),
                            N_("Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"),
                            PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F('o', "output-directory", &output_directory,
                            N_("dir"), N_("store resulting files in <dir>"),
                            PARSE_OPT_NONEG, output_directory_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F('k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
                            N_("don't strip/add [PATCH]"),
                            PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
                         N_("don't output binary diffs")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "zero-commit", &zero_commit,
                         N_("output all-zero hash in From header")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
                         N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
                OPT_SET_INT_F('p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format,
                              N_("show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"),
                              1, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
                OPT_GROUP(N_("Messaging")),
                OPT_CALLBACK(0, "add-header", NULL, N_("header"),
                            N_("add email header"), header_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK(0, "to", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add To: header"), to_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK(0, "cc", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add Cc: header"), cc_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "from", &from, N_("ident"),
                            N_("set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"),
                            PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, from_callback),
                OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, N_("message-id"),
                            N_("make first mail a reply to <message-id>")),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "attach", &rev, N_("boundary"),
                            N_("attach the patch"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
                            attach_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "inline", &rev, N_("boundary"),
                            N_("inline the patch"),
                            PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
                            inline_callback),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "thread", &thread, N_("style"),
                            N_("enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"),
                            PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback),
                OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, N_("signature"),
                            N_("add a signature")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "base", &base_commit, N_("base-commit"),
                           N_("add prerequisite tree info to the patch series")),
                OPT_FILENAME(0, "signature-file", &signature_file,
                                N_("add a signature from a file")),
                OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress,
                         N_("show progress while generating patches")),
                OPT_CALLBACK(0, "interdiff", &idiff_prev, N_("rev"),
                             N_("show changes against <rev> in cover letter or single patch"),
                             parse_opt_object_name),
                OPT_STRING(0, "range-diff", &rdiff_prev, N_("refspec"),
                           N_("show changes against <refspec> in cover letter or single patch")),
                OPT_INTEGER(0, "creation-factor", &creation_factor,
                            N_("percentage by which creation is weighted")),
                OPT_END()
        };

        extra_hdr.strdup_strings = 1;
        extra_to.strdup_strings = 1;
        extra_cc.strdup_strings = 1;
        init_log_defaults();
        init_display_notes(&notes_opt);
        git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
        rev.show_notes = show_notes;
        memcpy(&rev.notes_opt, &notes_opt, sizeof(notes_opt));
        rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
        rev.encode_email_headers = default_encode_email_headers;
        rev.expand_tabs_in_log_default = 0;
        rev.verbose_header = 1;
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.max_parents = 1;
        rev.diffopt.flags.recursive = 1;
        rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
        memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
        s_r_opt.def = "HEAD";
        s_r_opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;

        if (base_auto)
                base_commit = "auto";

        if (default_attach) {
                rev.mime_boundary = default_attach;
                rev.no_inline = 1;
        }

        /*
         * Parse the arguments before setup_revisions(), or something
         * like "git format-patch -o a123 HEAD^.." may fail; a123 is
         * possibly a valid SHA1.
         */
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_format_patch_options,
                             builtin_format_patch_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);

        if (cover_from_description_arg)
                cover_from_description_mode = parse_cover_from_description(cover_from_description_arg);

        if (0 < reroll_count) {
                struct strbuf sprefix = STRBUF_INIT;
                strbuf_addf(&sprefix, "%s v%d",
                            rev.subject_prefix, reroll_count);
                rev.reroll_count = reroll_count;
                rev.subject_prefix = strbuf_detach(&sprefix, NULL);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_hdr.items[i].string);
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
        }

        if (extra_to.nr)
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "To: ");
        for (i = 0; i < extra_to.nr; i++) {
                if (i)
                        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "    ");
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_to.items[i].string);
                if (i + 1 < extra_to.nr)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, ',');
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
        }

        if (extra_cc.nr)
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Cc: ");
        for (i = 0; i < extra_cc.nr; i++) {
                if (i)
                        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "    ");
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, extra_cc.items[i].string);
                if (i + 1 < extra_cc.nr)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, ',');
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
        }

        rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);

        if (from) {
                if (split_ident_line(&rev.from_ident, from, strlen(from)))
                        die(_("invalid ident line: %s"), from);
        }

        if (start_number < 0)
                start_number = 1;

        /*
         * If numbered is set solely due to format.numbered in config,
         * and it would conflict with --keep-subject (-k) from the
         * command line, reset "numbered".
         */
        if (numbered && keep_subject && !numbered_cmdline_opt)
                numbered = 0;

        if (numbered && keep_subject)
                die(_("-n and -k are mutually exclusive"));
        if (keep_subject && subject_prefix)
                die(_("--subject-prefix/--rfc and -k are mutually exclusive"));
        rev.preserve_subject = keep_subject;

        argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, &s_r_opt);
        if (argc > 1)
                die(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);

        if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
                die(_("--name-only does not make sense"));
        if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
                die(_("--name-status does not make sense"));
        if (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF)
                die(_("--check does not make sense"));

        if (!use_patch_format &&
                (!rev.diffopt.output_format ||
                 rev.diffopt.output_format == DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
                rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
        if (!rev.diffopt.stat_width)
                rev.diffopt.stat_width = MAIL_DEFAULT_WRAP;

        /* Always generate a patch */
        rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;

        rev.zero_commit = zero_commit;

        if (!rev.diffopt.flags.text && !no_binary_diff)
                rev.diffopt.flags.binary = 1;

        if (rev.show_notes)
                load_display_notes(&rev.notes_opt);

        if (!output_directory && !use_stdout)
                output_directory = config_output_directory;

        if (!use_stdout)
                output_directory = set_outdir(prefix, output_directory);
        else
                setup_pager();

        if (output_directory) {
                int saved;
                if (rev.diffopt.use_color != GIT_COLOR_ALWAYS)
                        rev.diffopt.use_color = GIT_COLOR_NEVER;
                if (use_stdout)
                        die(_("standard output, or directory, which one?"));
                /*
                 * We consider <outdir> as 'outside of gitdir', therefore avoid
                 * applying adjust_shared_perm in s-c-l-d.
                 */
                saved = get_shared_repository();
                set_shared_repository(0);
                switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(output_directory)) {
                case SCLD_OK:
                case SCLD_EXISTS:
                        break;
                default:
                        die(_("could not create leading directories "
                              "of '%s'"), output_directory);
                }
                set_shared_repository(saved);
                if (mkdir(output_directory, 0777) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                        die_errno(_("could not create directory '%s'"),
                                  output_directory);
        }

        if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
                int check_head = 0;

                if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
                        /*
                         * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
                         * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
                         * does not have.
                         */
                        rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
                        add_head_to_pending(&rev);
                        check_head = 1;
                }
                /*
                 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
                 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
                 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
                 */

                if (!strcmp(rev.pending.objects[0].name, "HEAD"))
                        check_head = 1;

                if (check_head) {
                        const char *ref, *v;
                        ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
                                                 NULL, NULL);
                        if (ref && skip_prefix(ref, "refs/heads/", &v))
                                branch_name = xstrdup(v);
                        else
                                branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
                }
        }

        /*
         * We cannot move this anywhere earlier because we do want to
         * know if --root was given explicitly from the command line.
         */
        rev.show_root_diff = 1;

        if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
                /* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
                if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
                        struct object_array_entry *o = rev.pending.objects;
                        if (oideq(&o[0].item->oid, &o[1].item->oid))
                                goto done;
                }
                get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids);
        }

        if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
                die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
        rev.boundary = 1;
        while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
                if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY) {
                        boundary_count++;
                        origin = (boundary_count == 1) ? commit : NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                if (ignore_if_in_upstream && has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
                        continue;

                nr++;
                REALLOC_ARRAY(list, nr);
                list[nr - 1] = commit;
        }
        if (nr == 0)
                /* nothing to do */
                goto done;
        total = nr;
        if (cover_letter == -1) {
                if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
                        cover_letter = (total > 1);
                else
                        cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
        }
        if (!keep_subject && auto_number && (total > 1 || cover_letter))
                numbered = 1;
        if (numbered)
                rev.total = total + start_number - 1;

        if (idiff_prev.nr) {
                if (!cover_letter && total != 1)
                        die(_("--interdiff requires --cover-letter or single patch"));
                rev.idiff_oid1 = &idiff_prev.oid[idiff_prev.nr - 1];
                rev.idiff_oid2 = get_commit_tree_oid(list[0]);
                rev.idiff_title = diff_title(&idiff_title, reroll_count,
                                             _("Interdiff:"),
                                             _("Interdiff against v%d:"));
        }

        if (creation_factor < 0)
                creation_factor = RANGE_DIFF_CREATION_FACTOR_DEFAULT;
        else if (!rdiff_prev)
                die(_("--creation-factor requires --range-diff"));

        if (rdiff_prev) {
                if (!cover_letter && total != 1)
                        die(_("--range-diff requires --cover-letter or single patch"));

                infer_range_diff_ranges(&rdiff1, &rdiff2, rdiff_prev,
                                        origin, list[0]);
                rev.rdiff1 = rdiff1.buf;
                rev.rdiff2 = rdiff2.buf;
                rev.creation_factor = creation_factor;
                rev.rdiff_title = diff_title(&rdiff_title, reroll_count,
                                             _("Range-diff:"),
                                             _("Range-diff against v%d:"));
        }

        if (!signature) {
                ; /* --no-signature inhibits all signatures */
        } else if (signature && signature != git_version_string) {
                ; /* non-default signature already set */
        } else if (signature_file) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

                if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, signature_file, 128) < 0)
                        die_errno(_("unable to read signature file '%s'"), signature_file);
                signature = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
        }

        memset(&bases, 0, sizeof(bases));
        if (base_commit) {
                struct commit *base = get_base_commit(base_commit, list, nr);
                reset_revision_walk();
                clear_object_flags(UNINTERESTING);
                prepare_bases(&bases, base, list, nr);
        }

        if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
                rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
        if (in_reply_to) {
                const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
                string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids, msgid);
        }
        rev.numbered_files = just_numbers;
        rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
        if (cover_letter) {
                if (thread)
                        gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
                make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout,
                                  origin, nr, list, branch_name, quiet);
                print_bases(&bases, rev.diffopt.file);
                print_signature(rev.diffopt.file);
                total++;
                start_number--;
                /* interdiff/range-diff in cover-letter; omit from patches */
                rev.idiff_oid1 = NULL;
                rev.rdiff1 = NULL;
        }
        rev.add_signoff = do_signoff;

        if (show_progress)
                progress = start_delayed_progress(_("Generating patches"), total);
        while (0 <= --nr) {
                int shown;
                display_progress(progress, total - nr);
                commit = list[nr];
                rev.nr = total - nr + (start_number - 1);
                /* Make the second and subsequent mails replies to the first */
                if (thread) {
                        /* Have we already had a message ID? */
                        if (rev.message_id) {
                                /*
                                 * For deep threading: make every mail
                                 * a reply to the previous one, no
                                 * matter what other options are set.
                                 *
                                 * For shallow threading:
                                 *
                                 * Without --cover-letter and
                                 * --in-reply-to, make every mail a
                                 * reply to the one before.
                                 *
                                 * With --in-reply-to but no
                                 * --cover-letter, make every mail a
                                 * reply to the <reply-to>.
                                 *
                                 * With --cover-letter, make every
                                 * mail but the cover letter a reply
                                 * to the cover letter.  The cover
                                 * letter is a reply to the
                                 * --in-reply-to, if specified.
                                 */
                                if (thread == THREAD_SHALLOW
                                    && rev.ref_message_ids->nr > 0
                                    && (!cover_letter || rev.nr > 1))
                                        free(rev.message_id);
                                else
                                        string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids,
                                                           rev.message_id);
                        }
                        gen_message_id(&rev, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                }

                if (!use_stdout &&
                    open_next_file(rev.numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
                        die(_("failed to create output files"));
                shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
                free_commit_buffer(the_repository->parsed_objects,
                                   commit);

                /* We put one extra blank line between formatted
                 * patches and this flag is used by log-tree code
                 * to see if it needs to emit a LF before showing
                 * the log; when using one file per patch, we do
                 * not want the extra blank line.
                 */
                if (!use_stdout)
                        rev.shown_one = 0;
                if (shown) {
                        print_bases(&bases, rev.diffopt.file);
                        if (rev.mime_boundary)
                                fprintf(rev.diffopt.file, "\n--%s%s--\n\n\n",
                                       mime_boundary_leader,
                                       rev.mime_boundary);
                        else
                                print_signature(rev.diffopt.file);
                }
                if (!use_stdout)
                        fclose(rev.diffopt.file);
        }
        stop_progress(&progress);
        free(list);
        free(branch_name);
        string_list_clear(&extra_to, 0);
        string_list_clear(&extra_cc, 0);
        string_list_clear(&extra_hdr, 0);
        if (ignore_if_in_upstream)
                free_patch_ids(&ids);

done:
        oid_array_clear(&idiff_prev);
        strbuf_release(&idiff_title);
        strbuf_release(&rdiff1);
        strbuf_release(&rdiff2);
        strbuf_release(&rdiff_title);
        return 0;
}

static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
{
        struct object_id oid;
        if (get_oid(arg, &oid) == 0) {
                struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(the_repository,
                                                                &oid);
                if (commit) {
                        commit->object.flags |= flags;
                        add_pending_object(revs, &commit->object, arg);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        return -1;
}

static const char * const cherry_usage[] = {
        N_("git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"),
        NULL
};

static void print_commit(char sign, struct commit *commit, int verbose,
                         int abbrev, FILE *file)
{
        if (!verbose) {
                fprintf(file, "%c %s\n", sign,
                       find_unique_abbrev(&commit->object.oid, abbrev));
        } else {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &buf);
                fprintf(file, "%c %s %s\n", sign,
                       find_unique_abbrev(&commit->object.oid, abbrev),
                       buf.buf);
                strbuf_release(&buf);
        }
}

int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct rev_info revs;
        struct patch_ids ids;
        struct commit *commit;
        struct commit_list *list = NULL;
        struct branch *current_branch;
        const char *upstream;
        const char *head = "HEAD";
        const char *limit = NULL;
        int verbose = 0, abbrev = 0;

        struct option options[] = {
                OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
                OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
                OPT_END()
        };

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, cherry_usage, 0);

        switch (argc) {
        case 3:
                limit = argv[2];
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 2:
                head = argv[1];
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 1:
                upstream = argv[0];
                break;
        default:
                current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
                upstream = branch_get_upstream(current_branch, NULL);
                if (!upstream) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("Could not find a tracked"
                                        " remote branch, please"
                                        " specify <upstream> manually.\n"));
                        usage_with_options(cherry_usage, options);
                }
        }

        repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, prefix);
        revs.max_parents = 1;

        if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
                die(_("unknown commit %s"), head);
        if (add_pending_commit(upstream, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
                die(_("unknown commit %s"), upstream);

        /* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
        if (revs.pending.nr == 2) {
                struct object_array_entry *o = revs.pending.objects;
                if (oideq(&o[0].item->oid, &o[1].item->oid))
                        return 0;
        }

        get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids);

        if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
                die(_("unknown commit %s"), limit);

        /* reverse the list of commits */
        if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
                die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
        while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
                commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
        }

        while (list) {
                char sign = '+';

                commit = list->item;
                if (has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids))
                        sign = '-';
                print_commit(sign, commit, verbose, abbrev, revs.diffopt.file);
                list = list->next;
        }

        free_patch_ids(&ids);
        return 0;
}