6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
18 The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
19 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
20 the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
21 each commit introduces are shown.
28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
29 (works only for a single file).
32 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
37 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
38 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
39 shown. The default option is 'short'.
41 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
42 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
43 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
44 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
45 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
46 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`.
49 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
53 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
54 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
55 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
58 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
59 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
60 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
61 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
62 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
64 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
65 produced by `--stat`, etc.
68 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
69 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
70 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
71 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
73 -L <start>,<end>:<file>::
74 -L :<funcname>:<file>::
75 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
76 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
77 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
78 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
79 give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
80 <start> and <end> (or <funcname>) must exist in the starting revision.
81 You can specify this option more than once. Implies `--patch`.
82 Patch output can be suppressed using `--no-patch`, but other diff formats
83 (namely `--raw`, `--numstat`, `--shortstat`, `--dirstat`, `--summary`,
84 `--name-only`, `--name-status`, `--check`) are not currently implemented.
86 include::line-range-format.txt[]
89 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
90 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
91 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
92 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
93 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
94 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
95 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
98 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
99 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
100 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
103 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
104 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
106 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
108 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
114 include::diff-options.txt[]
116 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
120 `git log --no-merges`::
122 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
124 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
126 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
127 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
129 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
131 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
132 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
135 `git log --name-status release..test`::
137 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
138 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
139 each commit modifies.
141 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
143 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
144 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
147 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
149 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
150 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
153 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
155 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
156 repository master branches.
158 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
160 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
161 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
162 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
163 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
164 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
166 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
168 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
173 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
183 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
184 for settings related to diff generation.
187 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
188 Defaults to `medium`.
190 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
191 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
192 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
196 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
197 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
198 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
200 If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
201 "foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
205 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
206 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
207 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
208 on non-linear history.
211 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
212 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
213 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
214 The default is `true`.
217 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
218 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
221 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
224 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
225 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
226 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
227 linkgit:git-notes[1].
229 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
230 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
231 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
233 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
234 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
235 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
239 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite