git.oblomov.eu Git - git/blob - run-command.c

   1 #include "cache.h"
   2 #include "run-command.h"
   3 #include "exec-cmd.h"
   4 #include "sigchain.h"
   5 #include "argv-array.h"
   6 #include "thread-utils.h"
   7 #include "strbuf.h"
   8 #include "string-list.h"
   9 #include "quote.h"
  10
  11 void child_process_init(struct child_process *child)
  12 {
  13         memset(child, 0, sizeof(*child));
  14         argv_array_init(&child->args);
  15         argv_array_init(&child->env_array);
  16 }
  17
  18 void child_process_clear(struct child_process *child)
  19 {
  20         argv_array_clear(&child->args);
  21         argv_array_clear(&child->env_array);
  22 }
  23
  24 struct child_to_clean {
  25         pid_t pid;
  26         struct child_process *process;
  27         struct child_to_clean *next;
  28 };
  29 static struct child_to_clean *children_to_clean;
  30 static int installed_child_cleanup_handler;
  31
  32 static void cleanup_children(int sig, int in_signal)
  33 {
  34         struct child_to_clean *children_to_wait_for = NULL;
  35
  36         while (children_to_clean) {
  37                 struct child_to_clean *p = children_to_clean;
  38                 children_to_clean = p->next;
  39
  40                 if (p->process && !in_signal) {
  41                         struct child_process *process = p->process;
  42                         if (process->clean_on_exit_handler) {
  43                                 trace_printf(
  44                                         "trace: run_command: running exit handler for pid %"
  45                                         PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)p->pid
  46                                 );
  47                                 process->clean_on_exit_handler(process);
  48                         }
  49                 }
  50
  51                 kill(p->pid, sig);
  52
  53                 if (p->process && p->process->wait_after_clean) {
  54                         p->next = children_to_wait_for;
  55                         children_to_wait_for = p;
  56                 } else {
  57                         if (!in_signal)
  58                                 free(p);
  59                 }
  60         }
  61
  62         while (children_to_wait_for) {
  63                 struct child_to_clean *p = children_to_wait_for;
  64                 children_to_wait_for = p->next;
  65
  66                 while (waitpid(p->pid, NULL, 0) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
  67                         ; /* spin waiting for process exit or error */
  68
  69                 if (!in_signal)
  70                         free(p);
  71         }
  72 }
  73
  74 static void cleanup_children_on_signal(int sig)
  75 {
  76         cleanup_children(sig, 1);
  77         sigchain_pop(sig);
  78         raise(sig);
  79 }
  80
  81 static void cleanup_children_on_exit(void)
  82 {
  83         cleanup_children(SIGTERM, 0);
  84 }
  85
  86 static void mark_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid, struct child_process *process)
  87 {
  88         struct child_to_clean *p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p));
  89         p->pid = pid;
  90         p->process = process;
  91         p->next = children_to_clean;
  92         children_to_clean = p;
  93
  94         if (!installed_child_cleanup_handler) {
  95                 atexit(cleanup_children_on_exit);
  96                 sigchain_push_common(cleanup_children_on_signal);
  97                 installed_child_cleanup_handler = 1;
  98         }
  99 }
 100
 101 static void clear_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid)
 102 {
 103         struct child_to_clean **pp;
 104
 105         for (pp = &children_to_clean; *pp; pp = &(*pp)->next) {
 106                 struct child_to_clean *clean_me = *pp;
 107
 108                 if (clean_me->pid == pid) {
 109                         *pp = clean_me->next;
 110                         free(clean_me);
 111                         return;
 112                 }
 113         }
 114 }
 115
 116 static inline void close_pair(int fd[2])
 117 {
 118         close(fd[0]);
 119         close(fd[1]);
 120 }
 121
 122 int is_executable(const char *name)
 123 {
 124         struct stat st;
 125
 126         if (stat(name, &st) || /* stat, not lstat */
 127             !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
 128                 return 0;
 129
 130 #if defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 131         /*
 132          * On Windows there is no executable bit. The file extension
 133          * indicates whether it can be run as an executable, and Git
 134          * has special-handling to detect scripts and launch them
 135          * through the indicated script interpreter. We test for the
 136          * file extension first because virus scanners may make
 137          * it quite expensive to open many files.
 138          */
 139         if (ends_with(name, ".exe"))
 140                 return S_IXUSR;
 141
 142 {
 143         /*
 144          * Now that we know it does not have an executable extension,
 145          * peek into the file instead.
 146          */
 147         char buf[3] = { 0 };
 148         int n;
 149         int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY);
 150         st.st_mode &= ~S_IXUSR;
 151         if (fd >= 0) {
 152                 n = read(fd, buf, 2);
 153                 if (n == 2)
 154                         /* look for a she-bang */
 155                         if (!strcmp(buf, "#!"))
 156                                 st.st_mode |= S_IXUSR;
 157                 close(fd);
 158         }
 159 }
 160 #endif
 161         return st.st_mode & S_IXUSR;
 162 }
 163
 164 /*
 165  * Search $PATH for a command.  This emulates the path search that
 166  * execvp would perform, without actually executing the command so it
 167  * can be used before fork() to prepare to run a command using
 168  * execve() or after execvp() to diagnose why it failed.
 169  *
 170  * The caller should ensure that file contains no directory
 171  * separators.
 172  *
 173  * Returns the path to the command, as found in $PATH or NULL if the
 174  * command could not be found.  The caller inherits ownership of the memory
 175  * used to store the resultant path.
 176  *
 177  * This should not be used on Windows, where the $PATH search rules
 178  * are more complicated (e.g., a search for "foo" should find
 179  * "foo.exe").
 180  */
 181 static char *locate_in_PATH(const char *file)
 182 {
 183         const char *p = getenv("PATH");
 184         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 185
 186         if (!p || !*p)
 187                 return NULL;
 188
 189         while (1) {
 190                 const char *end = strchrnul(p, ':');
 191
 192                 strbuf_reset(&buf);
 193
 194                 /* POSIX specifies an empty entry as the current directory. */
 195                 if (end != p) {
 196                         strbuf_add(&buf, p, end - p);
 197                         strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
 198                 }
 199                 strbuf_addstr(&buf, file);
 200
 201                 if (is_executable(buf.buf))
 202                         return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 203
 204                 if (!*end)
 205                         break;
 206                 p = end + 1;
 207         }
 208
 209         strbuf_release(&buf);
 210         return NULL;
 211 }
 212
 213 static int exists_in_PATH(const char *file)
 214 {
 215         char *r = locate_in_PATH(file);
 216         int found = r != NULL;
 217         free(r);
 218         return found;
 219 }
 220
 221 int sane_execvp(const char *file, char * const argv[])
 222 {
 223 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 224         /*
 225          * execvp() doesn't return, so we all we can do is tell trace2
 226          * what we are about to do and let it leave a hint in the log
 227          * (unless of course the execvp() fails).
 228          *
 229          * we skip this for Windows because the compat layer already
 230          * has to emulate the execvp() call anyway.
 231          */
 232         int exec_id = trace2_exec(file, (const char **)argv);
 233 #endif
 234
 235         if (!execvp(file, argv))
 236                 return 0; /* cannot happen ;-) */
 237
 238 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 239         {
 240                 int ec = errno;
 241                 trace2_exec_result(exec_id, ec);
 242                 errno = ec;
 243         }
 244 #endif
 245
 246         /*
 247          * When a command can't be found because one of the directories
 248          * listed in $PATH is unsearchable, execvp reports EACCES, but
 249          * careful usability testing (read: analysis of occasional bug
 250          * reports) reveals that "No such file or directory" is more
 251          * intuitive.
 252          *
 253          * We avoid commands with "/", because execvp will not do $PATH
 254          * lookups in that case.
 255          *
 256          * The reassignment of EACCES to errno looks like a no-op below,
 257          * but we need to protect against exists_in_PATH overwriting errno.
 258          */
 259         if (errno == EACCES && !strchr(file, '/'))
 260                 errno = exists_in_PATH(file) ? EACCES : ENOENT;
 261         else if (errno == ENOTDIR && !strchr(file, '/'))
 262                 errno = ENOENT;
 263         return -1;
 264 }
 265
 266 static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv)
 267 {
 268         if (!argv[0])
 269                 BUG("shell command is empty");
 270
 271         if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
 272 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 273                 argv_array_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
 274 #else
 275                 argv_array_push(out, "sh");
 276 #endif
 277                 argv_array_push(out, "-c");
 278
 279                 /*
 280                  * If we have no extra arguments, we do not even need to
 281                  * bother with the "$@" magic.
 282                  */
 283                 if (!argv[1])
 284                         argv_array_push(out, argv[0]);
 285                 else
 286                         argv_array_pushf(out, "%s \"$@\"", argv[0]);
 287         }
 288
 289         argv_array_pushv(out, argv);
 290         return out->argv;
 291 }
 292
 293 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 294 static int child_notifier = -1;
 295
 296 enum child_errcode {
 297         CHILD_ERR_CHDIR,
 298         CHILD_ERR_DUP2,
 299         CHILD_ERR_CLOSE,
 300         CHILD_ERR_SIGPROCMASK,
 301         CHILD_ERR_ENOENT,
 302         CHILD_ERR_SILENT,
 303         CHILD_ERR_ERRNO
 304 };
 305
 306 struct child_err {
 307         enum child_errcode err;
 308         int syserr; /* errno */
 309 };
 310
 311 static void child_die(enum child_errcode err)
 312 {
 313         struct child_err buf;
 314
 315         buf.err = err;
 316         buf.syserr = errno;
 317
 318         /* write(2) on buf smaller than PIPE_BUF (min 512) is atomic: */
 319         xwrite(child_notifier, &buf, sizeof(buf));
 320         _exit(1);
 321 }
 322
 323 static void child_dup2(int fd, int to)
 324 {
 325         if (dup2(fd, to) < 0)
 326                 child_die(CHILD_ERR_DUP2);
 327 }
 328
 329 static void child_close(int fd)
 330 {
 331         if (close(fd))
 332                 child_die(CHILD_ERR_CLOSE);
 333 }
 334
 335 static void child_close_pair(int fd[2])
 336 {
 337         child_close(fd[0]);
 338         child_close(fd[1]);
 339 }
 340
 341 /*
 342  * parent will make it look like the child spewed a fatal error and died
 343  * this is needed to prevent changes to t0061.
 344  */
 345 static void fake_fatal(const char *err, va_list params)
 346 {
 347         vreportf("fatal: ", err, params);
 348 }
 349
 350 static void child_error_fn(const char *err, va_list params)
 351 {
 352         const char msg[] = "error() should not be called in child\n";
 353         xwrite(2, msg, sizeof(msg) - 1);
 354 }
 355
 356 static void child_warn_fn(const char *err, va_list params)
 357 {
 358         const char msg[] = "warn() should not be called in child\n";
 359         xwrite(2, msg, sizeof(msg) - 1);
 360 }
 361
 362 static void NORETURN child_die_fn(const char *err, va_list params)
 363 {
 364         const char msg[] = "die() should not be called in child\n";
 365         xwrite(2, msg, sizeof(msg) - 1);
 366         _exit(2);
 367 }
 368
 369 /* this runs in the parent process */
 370 static void child_err_spew(struct child_process *cmd, struct child_err *cerr)
 371 {
 372         static void (*old_errfn)(const char *err, va_list params);
 373
 374         old_errfn = get_error_routine();
 375         set_error_routine(fake_fatal);
 376         errno = cerr->syserr;
 377
 378         switch (cerr->err) {
 379         case CHILD_ERR_CHDIR:
 380                 error_errno("exec '%s': cd to '%s' failed",
 381                             cmd->argv[0], cmd->dir);
 382                 break;
 383         case CHILD_ERR_DUP2:
 384                 error_errno("dup2() in child failed");
 385                 break;
 386         case CHILD_ERR_CLOSE:
 387                 error_errno("close() in child failed");
 388                 break;
 389         case CHILD_ERR_SIGPROCMASK:
 390                 error_errno("sigprocmask failed restoring signals");
 391                 break;
 392         case CHILD_ERR_ENOENT:
 393                 error_errno("cannot run %s", cmd->argv[0]);
 394                 break;
 395         case CHILD_ERR_SILENT:
 396                 break;
 397         case CHILD_ERR_ERRNO:
 398                 error_errno("cannot exec '%s'", cmd->argv[0]);
 399                 break;
 400         }
 401         set_error_routine(old_errfn);
 402 }
 403
 404 static int prepare_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const struct child_process *cmd)
 405 {
 406         if (!cmd->argv[0])
 407                 BUG("command is empty");
 408
 409         /*
 410          * Add SHELL_PATH so in the event exec fails with ENOEXEC we can
 411          * attempt to interpret the command with 'sh'.
 412          */
 413         argv_array_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
 414
 415         if (cmd->git_cmd) {
 416                 prepare_git_cmd(out, cmd->argv);
 417         } else if (cmd->use_shell) {
 418                 prepare_shell_cmd(out, cmd->argv);
 419         } else {
 420                 argv_array_pushv(out, cmd->argv);
 421         }
 422
 423         /*
 424          * If there are no dir separator characters in the command then perform
 425          * a path lookup and use the resolved path as the command to exec. If
 426          * there are dir separator characters, we have exec attempt to invoke
 427          * the command directly.
 428          */
 429         if (!has_dir_sep(out->argv[1])) {
 430                 char *program = locate_in_PATH(out->argv[1]);
 431                 if (program) {
 432                         free((char *)out->argv[1]);
 433                         out->argv[1] = program;
 434                 } else {
 435                         argv_array_clear(out);
 436                         errno = ENOENT;
 437                         return -1;
 438                 }
 439         }
 440
 441         return 0;
 442 }
 443
 444 static char **prep_childenv(const char *const *deltaenv)
 445 {
 446         extern char **environ;
 447         char **childenv;
 448         struct string_list env = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 449         struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
 450         const char *const *p;
 451         int i;
 452
 453         /* Construct a sorted string list consisting of the current environ */
 454         for (p = (const char *const *) environ; p && *p; p++) {
 455                 const char *equals = strchr(*p, '=');
 456
 457                 if (equals) {
 458                         strbuf_reset(&key);
 459                         strbuf_add(&key, *p, equals - *p);
 460                         string_list_append(&env, key.buf)->util = (void *) *p;
 461                 } else {
 462                         string_list_append(&env, *p)->util = (void *) *p;
 463                 }
 464         }
 465         string_list_sort(&env);
 466
 467         /* Merge in 'deltaenv' with the current environ */
 468         for (p = deltaenv; p && *p; p++) {
 469                 const char *equals = strchr(*p, '=');
 470
 471                 if (equals) {
 472                         /* ('key=value'), insert or replace entry */
 473                         strbuf_reset(&key);
 474                         strbuf_add(&key, *p, equals - *p);
 475                         string_list_insert(&env, key.buf)->util = (void *) *p;
 476                 } else {
 477                         /* otherwise ('key') remove existing entry */
 478                         string_list_remove(&env, *p, 0);
 479                 }
 480         }
 481
 482         /* Create an array of 'char *' to be used as the childenv */
 483         ALLOC_ARRAY(childenv, env.nr + 1);
 484         for (i = 0; i < env.nr; i++)
 485                 childenv[i] = env.items[i].util;
 486         childenv[env.nr] = NULL;
 487
 488         string_list_clear(&env, 0);
 489         strbuf_release(&key);
 490         return childenv;
 491 }
 492
 493 struct atfork_state {
 494 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 495         int cs;
 496 #endif
 497         sigset_t old;
 498 };
 499
 500 #define CHECK_BUG(err, msg) \
 501         do { \
 502                 int e = (err); \
 503                 if (e) \
 504                         BUG("%s: %s", msg, strerror(e)); \
 505         } while(0)
 506
 507 static void atfork_prepare(struct atfork_state *as)
 508 {
 509         sigset_t all;
 510
 511         if (sigfillset(&all))
 512                 die_errno("sigfillset");
 513 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 514         if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &all, &as->old))
 515                 die_errno("sigprocmask");
 516 #else
 517         CHECK_BUG(pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &all, &as->old),
 518                 "blocking all signals");
 519         CHECK_BUG(pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, &as->cs),
 520                 "disabling cancellation");
 521 #endif
 522 }
 523
 524 static void atfork_parent(struct atfork_state *as)
 525 {
 526 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 527         if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &as->old, NULL))
 528                 die_errno("sigprocmask");
 529 #else
 530         CHECK_BUG(pthread_setcancelstate(as->cs, NULL),
 531                 "re-enabling cancellation");
 532         CHECK_BUG(pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &as->old, NULL),
 533                 "restoring signal mask");
 534 #endif
 535 }
 536 #endif /* GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE */
 537
 538 static inline void set_cloexec(int fd)
 539 {
 540         int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
 541         if (flags >= 0)
 542                 fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 543 }
 544
 545 static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int in_signal)
 546 {
 547         int status, code = -1;
 548         pid_t waiting;
 549         int failed_errno = 0;
 550
 551         while ((waiting = waitpid(pid, &status, 0)) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
 552                 ;       /* nothing */
 553         if (in_signal)
 554                 return 0;
 555
 556         if (waiting < 0) {
 557                 failed_errno = errno;
 558                 error_errno("waitpid for %s failed", argv0);
 559         } else if (waiting != pid) {
 560                 error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 561         } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
 562                 code = WTERMSIG(status);
 563                 if (code != SIGINT && code != SIGQUIT && code != SIGPIPE)
 564                         error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
 565                 /*
 566                  * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
 567                  * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
 568                  * a program that died from this signal.
 569                  */
 570                 code += 128;
 571         } else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 572                 code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 573         } else {
 574                 error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 575         }
 576
 577         clear_child_for_cleanup(pid);
 578
 579         errno = failed_errno;
 580         return code;
 581 }
 582
 583 static void trace_add_env(struct strbuf *dst, const char *const *deltaenv)
 584 {
 585         struct string_list envs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 586         const char *const *e;
 587         int i;
 588         int printed_unset = 0;
 589
 590         /* Last one wins, see run-command.c:prep_childenv() for context */
 591         for (e = deltaenv; e && *e; e++) {
 592                 struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
 593                 char *equals = strchr(*e, '=');
 594
 595                 if (equals) {
 596                         strbuf_add(&key, *e, equals - *e);
 597                         string_list_insert(&envs, key.buf)->util = equals + 1;
 598                 } else {
 599                         string_list_insert(&envs, *e)->util = NULL;
 600                 }
 601                 strbuf_release(&key);
 602         }
 603
 604         /* "unset X Y...;" */
 605         for (i = 0; i < envs.nr; i++) {
 606                 const char *var = envs.items[i].string;
 607                 const char *val = envs.items[i].util;
 608
 609                 if (val || !getenv(var))
 610                         continue;
 611
 612                 if (!printed_unset) {
 613                         strbuf_addstr(dst, " unset");
 614                         printed_unset = 1;
 615                 }
 616                 strbuf_addf(dst, " %s", var);
 617         }
 618         if (printed_unset)
 619                 strbuf_addch(dst, ';');
 620
 621         /* ... followed by "A=B C=D ..." */
 622         for (i = 0; i < envs.nr; i++) {
 623                 const char *var = envs.items[i].string;
 624                 const char *val = envs.items[i].util;
 625                 const char *oldval;
 626
 627                 if (!val)
 628                         continue;
 629
 630                 oldval = getenv(var);
 631                 if (oldval && !strcmp(val, oldval))
 632                         continue;
 633
 634                 strbuf_addf(dst, " %s=", var);
 635                 sq_quote_buf_pretty(dst, val);
 636         }
 637         string_list_clear(&envs, 0);
 638 }
 639
 640 static void trace_run_command(const struct child_process *cp)
 641 {
 642         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 643
 644         if (!trace_want(&trace_default_key))
 645                 return;
 646
 647         strbuf_addstr(&buf, "trace: run_command:");
 648         if (cp->dir) {
 649                 strbuf_addstr(&buf, " cd ");
 650                 sq_quote_buf_pretty(&buf, cp->dir);
 651                 strbuf_addch(&buf, ';');
 652         }
 653         /*
 654          * The caller is responsible for initializing cp->env from
 655          * cp->env_array if needed. We only check one place.
 656          */
 657         if (cp->env)
 658                 trace_add_env(&buf, cp->env);
 659         if (cp->git_cmd)
 660                 strbuf_addstr(&buf, " git");
 661         sq_quote_argv_pretty(&buf, cp->argv);
 662
 663         trace_printf("%s", buf.buf);
 664         strbuf_release(&buf);
 665 }
 666
 667 int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 668 {
 669         int need_in, need_out, need_err;
 670         int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
 671         int failed_errno;
 672         char *str;
 673
 674         if (!cmd->argv)
 675                 cmd->argv = cmd->args.argv;
 676         if (!cmd->env)
 677                 cmd->env = cmd->env_array.argv;
 678
 679         /*
 680          * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
 681          * that have been passed in via ->in and ->out.
 682          */
 683
 684         need_in = !cmd->no_stdin && cmd->in < 0;
 685         if (need_in) {
 686                 if (pipe(fdin) < 0) {
 687                         failed_errno = errno;
 688                         if (cmd->out > 0)
 689                                 close(cmd->out);
 690                         str = "standard input";
 691                         goto fail_pipe;
 692                 }
 693                 cmd->in = fdin[1];
 694         }
 695
 696         need_out = !cmd->no_stdout
 697                 && !cmd->stdout_to_stderr
 698                 && cmd->out < 0;
 699         if (need_out) {
 700                 if (pipe(fdout) < 0) {
 701                         failed_errno = errno;
 702                         if (need_in)
 703                                 close_pair(fdin);
 704                         else if (cmd->in)
 705                                 close(cmd->in);
 706                         str = "standard output";
 707                         goto fail_pipe;
 708                 }
 709                 cmd->out = fdout[0];
 710         }
 711
 712         need_err = !cmd->no_stderr && cmd->err < 0;
 713         if (need_err) {
 714                 if (pipe(fderr) < 0) {
 715                         failed_errno = errno;
 716                         if (need_in)
 717                                 close_pair(fdin);
 718                         else if (cmd->in)
 719                                 close(cmd->in);
 720                         if (need_out)
 721                                 close_pair(fdout);
 722                         else if (cmd->out)
 723                                 close(cmd->out);
 724                         str = "standard error";
 725 fail_pipe:
 726                         error("cannot create %s pipe for %s: %s",
 727                                 str, cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
 728                         child_process_clear(cmd);
 729                         errno = failed_errno;
 730                         return -1;
 731                 }
 732                 cmd->err = fderr[0];
 733         }
 734
 735         trace2_child_start(cmd);
 736         trace_run_command(cmd);
 737
 738         fflush(NULL);
 739
 740 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 741 {
 742         int notify_pipe[2];
 743         int null_fd = -1;
 744         char **childenv;
 745         struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 746         struct child_err cerr;
 747         struct atfork_state as;
 748
 749         if (prepare_cmd(&argv, cmd) < 0) {
 750                 failed_errno = errno;
 751                 cmd->pid = -1;
 752                 if (!cmd->silent_exec_failure)
 753                         error_errno("cannot run %s", cmd->argv[0]);
 754                 goto end_of_spawn;
 755         }
 756
 757         if (pipe(notify_pipe))
 758                 notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
 759
 760         if (cmd->no_stdin || cmd->no_stdout || cmd->no_stderr) {
 761                 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
 762                 if (null_fd < 0)
 763                         die_errno(_("open /dev/null failed"));
 764                 set_cloexec(null_fd);
 765         }
 766
 767         childenv = prep_childenv(cmd->env);
 768         atfork_prepare(&as);
 769
 770         /*
 771          * NOTE: In order to prevent deadlocking when using threads special
 772          * care should be taken with the function calls made in between the
 773          * fork() and exec() calls.  No calls should be made to functions which
 774          * require acquiring a lock (e.g. malloc) as the lock could have been
 775          * held by another thread at the time of forking, causing the lock to
 776          * never be released in the child process.  This means only
 777          * Async-Signal-Safe functions are permitted in the child.
 778          */
 779         cmd->pid = fork();
 780         failed_errno = errno;
 781         if (!cmd->pid) {
 782                 int sig;
 783                 /*
 784                  * Ensure the default die/error/warn routines do not get
 785                  * called, they can take stdio locks and malloc.
 786                  */
 787                 set_die_routine(child_die_fn);
 788                 set_error_routine(child_error_fn);
 789                 set_warn_routine(child_warn_fn);
 790
 791                 close(notify_pipe[0]);
 792                 set_cloexec(notify_pipe[1]);
 793                 child_notifier = notify_pipe[1];
 794
 795                 if (cmd->no_stdin)
 796                         child_dup2(null_fd, 0);
 797                 else if (need_in) {
 798                         child_dup2(fdin[0], 0);
 799                         child_close_pair(fdin);
 800                 } else if (cmd->in) {
 801                         child_dup2(cmd->in, 0);
 802                         child_close(cmd->in);
 803                 }
 804
 805                 if (cmd->no_stderr)
 806                         child_dup2(null_fd, 2);
 807                 else if (need_err) {
 808                         child_dup2(fderr[1], 2);
 809                         child_close_pair(fderr);
 810                 } else if (cmd->err > 1) {
 811                         child_dup2(cmd->err, 2);
 812                         child_close(cmd->err);
 813                 }
 814
 815                 if (cmd->no_stdout)
 816                         child_dup2(null_fd, 1);
 817                 else if (cmd->stdout_to_stderr)
 818                         child_dup2(2, 1);
 819                 else if (need_out) {
 820                         child_dup2(fdout[1], 1);
 821                         child_close_pair(fdout);
 822                 } else if (cmd->out > 1) {
 823                         child_dup2(cmd->out, 1);
 824                         child_close(cmd->out);
 825                 }
 826
 827                 if (cmd->dir && chdir(cmd->dir))
 828                         child_die(CHILD_ERR_CHDIR);
 829
 830                 /*
 831                  * restore default signal handlers here, in case
 832                  * we catch a signal right before execve below
 833                  */
 834                 for (sig = 1; sig < NSIG; sig++) {
 835                         /* ignored signals get reset to SIG_DFL on execve */
 836                         if (signal(sig, SIG_DFL) == SIG_IGN)
 837                                 signal(sig, SIG_IGN);
 838                 }
 839
 840                 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &as.old, NULL) != 0)
 841                         child_die(CHILD_ERR_SIGPROCMASK);
 842
 843                 /*
 844                  * Attempt to exec using the command and arguments starting at
 845                  * argv.argv[1].  argv.argv[0] contains SHELL_PATH which will
 846                  * be used in the event exec failed with ENOEXEC at which point
 847                  * we will try to interpret the command using 'sh'.
 848                  */
 849                 execve(argv.argv[1], (char *const *) argv.argv + 1,
 850                        (char *const *) childenv);
 851                 if (errno == ENOEXEC)
 852                         execve(argv.argv[0], (char *const *) argv.argv,
 853                                (char *const *) childenv);
 854
 855                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 856                         if (cmd->silent_exec_failure)
 857                                 child_die(CHILD_ERR_SILENT);
 858                         child_die(CHILD_ERR_ENOENT);
 859                 } else {
 860                         child_die(CHILD_ERR_ERRNO);
 861                 }
 862         }
 863         atfork_parent(&as);
 864         if (cmd->pid < 0)
 865                 error_errno("cannot fork() for %s", cmd->argv[0]);
 866         else if (cmd->clean_on_exit)
 867                 mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid, cmd);
 868
 869         /*
 870          * Wait for child's exec. If the exec succeeds (or if fork()
 871          * failed), EOF is seen immediately by the parent. Otherwise, the
 872          * child process sends a child_err struct.
 873          * Note that use of this infrastructure is completely advisory,
 874          * therefore, we keep error checks minimal.
 875          */
 876         close(notify_pipe[1]);
 877         if (xread(notify_pipe[0], &cerr, sizeof(cerr)) == sizeof(cerr)) {
 878                 /*
 879                  * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but exec()
 880                  * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
 881                  */
 882                 wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], 0);
 883                 child_err_spew(cmd, &cerr);
 884                 failed_errno = errno;
 885                 cmd->pid = -1;
 886         }
 887         close(notify_pipe[0]);
 888
 889         if (null_fd >= 0)
 890                 close(null_fd);
 891         argv_array_clear(&argv);
 892         free(childenv);
 893 }
 894 end_of_spawn:
 895
 896 #else
 897 {
 898         int fhin = 0, fhout = 1, fherr = 2;
 899         const char **sargv = cmd->argv;
 900         struct argv_array nargv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 901
 902         if (cmd->no_stdin)
 903                 fhin = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
 904         else if (need_in)
 905                 fhin = dup(fdin[0]);
 906         else if (cmd->in)
 907                 fhin = dup(cmd->in);
 908
 909         if (cmd->no_stderr)
 910                 fherr = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
 911         else if (need_err)
 912                 fherr = dup(fderr[1]);
 913         else if (cmd->err > 2)
 914                 fherr = dup(cmd->err);
 915
 916         if (cmd->no_stdout)
 917                 fhout = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
 918         else if (cmd->stdout_to_stderr)
 919                 fhout = dup(fherr);
 920         else if (need_out)
 921                 fhout = dup(fdout[1]);
 922         else if (cmd->out > 1)
 923                 fhout = dup(cmd->out);
 924
 925         if (cmd->git_cmd)
 926                 cmd->argv = prepare_git_cmd(&nargv, cmd->argv);
 927         else if (cmd->use_shell)
 928                 cmd->argv = prepare_shell_cmd(&nargv, cmd->argv);
 929
 930         cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, (char**) cmd->env,
 931                         cmd->dir, fhin, fhout, fherr);
 932         failed_errno = errno;
 933         if (cmd->pid < 0 && (!cmd->silent_exec_failure || errno != ENOENT))
 934                 error_errno("cannot spawn %s", cmd->argv[0]);
 935         if (cmd->clean_on_exit && cmd->pid >= 0)
 936                 mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid, cmd);
 937
 938         argv_array_clear(&nargv);
 939         cmd->argv = sargv;
 940         if (fhin != 0)
 941                 close(fhin);
 942         if (fhout != 1)
 943                 close(fhout);
 944         if (fherr != 2)
 945                 close(fherr);
 946 }
 947 #endif
 948
 949         if (cmd->pid < 0) {
 950                 trace2_child_exit(cmd, -1);
 951
 952                 if (need_in)
 953                         close_pair(fdin);
 954                 else if (cmd->in)
 955                         close(cmd->in);
 956                 if (need_out)
 957                         close_pair(fdout);
 958                 else if (cmd->out)
 959                         close(cmd->out);
 960                 if (need_err)
 961                         close_pair(fderr);
 962                 else if (cmd->err)
 963                         close(cmd->err);
 964                 child_process_clear(cmd);
 965                 errno = failed_errno;
 966                 return -1;
 967         }
 968
 969         if (need_in)
 970                 close(fdin[0]);
 971         else if (cmd->in)
 972                 close(cmd->in);
 973
 974         if (need_out)
 975                 close(fdout[1]);
 976         else if (cmd->out)
 977                 close(cmd->out);
 978
 979         if (need_err)
 980                 close(fderr[1]);
 981         else if (cmd->err)
 982                 close(cmd->err);
 983
 984         return 0;
 985 }
 986
 987 int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 988 {
 989         int ret = wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], 0);
 990         trace2_child_exit(cmd, ret);
 991         child_process_clear(cmd);
 992         return ret;
 993 }
 994
 995 int finish_command_in_signal(struct child_process *cmd)
 996 {
 997         int ret = wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], 1);
 998         trace2_child_exit(cmd, ret);
 999         return ret;
1000 }
1001
1002
1003 int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
1004 {
1005         int code;
1006
1007         if (cmd->out < 0 || cmd->err < 0)
1008                 BUG("run_command with a pipe can cause deadlock");
1009
1010         code = start_command(cmd);
1011         if (code)
1012                 return code;
1013         return finish_command(cmd);
1014 }
1015
1016 int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt)
1017 {
1018         return run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv, opt, NULL, NULL);
1019 }
1020
1021 int run_command_v_opt_tr2(const char **argv, int opt, const char *tr2_class)
1022 {
1023         return run_command_v_opt_cd_env_tr2(argv, opt, NULL, NULL, tr2_class);
1024 }
1025
1026 int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env)
1027 {
1028         return run_command_v_opt_cd_env_tr2(argv, opt, dir, env, NULL);
1029 }
1030
1031 int run_command_v_opt_cd_env_tr2(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir,
1032                                  const char *const *env, const char *tr2_class)
1033 {
1034         struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
1035         cmd.argv = argv;
1036         cmd.no_stdin = opt & RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN ? 1 : 0;
1037         cmd.git_cmd = opt & RUN_GIT_CMD ? 1 : 0;
1038         cmd.stdout_to_stderr = opt & RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR ? 1 : 0;
1039         cmd.silent_exec_failure = opt & RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE ? 1 : 0;
1040         cmd.use_shell = opt & RUN_USING_SHELL ? 1 : 0;
1041         cmd.clean_on_exit = opt & RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT ? 1 : 0;
1042         cmd.wait_after_clean = opt & RUN_WAIT_AFTER_CLEAN ? 1 : 0;
1043         cmd.dir = dir;
1044         cmd.env = env;
1045         cmd.trace2_child_class = tr2_class;
1046         return run_command(&cmd);
1047 }
1048
1049 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
1050 static pthread_t main_thread;
1051 static int main_thread_set;
1052 static pthread_key_t async_key;
1053 static pthread_key_t async_die_counter;
1054
1055 static void *run_thread(void *data)
1056 {
1057         struct async *async = data;
1058         intptr_t ret;
1059
1060         if (async->isolate_sigpipe) {
1061                 sigset_t mask;
1062                 sigemptyset(&mask);
1063                 sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE);
1064                 if (pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) < 0) {
1065                         ret = error("unable to block SIGPIPE in async thread");
1066                         return (void *)ret;
1067                 }
1068         }
1069
1070         pthread_setspecific(async_key, async);
1071         ret = async->proc(async->proc_in, async->proc_out, async->data);
1072         return (void *)ret;
1073 }
1074
1075 static NORETURN void die_async(const char *err, va_list params)
1076 {
1077         vreportf("fatal: ", err, params);
1078
1079         if (in_async()) {
1080                 struct async *async = pthread_getspecific(async_key);
1081                 if (async->proc_in >= 0)
1082                         close(async->proc_in);
1083                 if (async->proc_out >= 0)
1084                         close(async->proc_out);
1085                 pthread_exit((void *)128);
1086         }
1087
1088         exit(128);
1089 }
1090
1091 static int async_die_is_recursing(void)
1092 {
1093         void *ret = pthread_getspecific(async_die_counter);
1094         pthread_setspecific(async_die_counter, (void *)1);
1095         return ret != NULL;
1096 }
1097
1098 int in_async(void)
1099 {
1100         if (!main_thread_set)
1101                 return 0; /* no asyncs started yet */
1102         return !pthread_equal(main_thread, pthread_self());
1103 }
1104
1105 static void NORETURN async_exit(int code)
1106 {
1107         pthread_exit((void *)(intptr_t)code);
1108 }
1109
1110 #else
1111
1112 static struct {
1113         void (**handlers)(void);
1114         size_t nr;
1115         size_t alloc;
1116 } git_atexit_hdlrs;
1117
1118 static int git_atexit_installed;
1119
1120 static void git_atexit_dispatch(void)
1121 {
1122         size_t i;
1123
1124         for (i=git_atexit_hdlrs.nr ; i ; i--)
1125                 git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers[i-1]();
1126 }
1127
1128 static void git_atexit_clear(void)
1129 {
1130         free(git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers);
1131         memset(&git_atexit_hdlrs, 0, sizeof(git_atexit_hdlrs));
1132         git_atexit_installed = 0;
1133 }
1134
1135 #undef atexit
1136 int git_atexit(void (*handler)(void))
1137 {
1138         ALLOC_GROW(git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers, git_atexit_hdlrs.nr + 1, git_atexit_hdlrs.alloc);
1139         git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers[git_atexit_hdlrs.nr++] = handler;
1140         if (!git_atexit_installed) {
1141                 if (atexit(&git_atexit_dispatch))
1142                         return -1;
1143                 git_atexit_installed = 1;
1144         }
1145         return 0;
1146 }
1147 #define atexit git_atexit
1148
1149 static int process_is_async;
1150 int in_async(void)
1151 {
1152         return process_is_async;
1153 }
1154
1155 static void NORETURN async_exit(int code)
1156 {
1157         exit(code);
1158 }
1159
1160 #endif
1161
1162 void check_pipe(int err)
1163 {
1164         if (err == EPIPE) {
1165                 if (in_async())
1166                         async_exit(141);
1167
1168                 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
1169                 raise(SIGPIPE);
1170                 /* Should never happen, but just in case... */
1171                 exit(141);
1172         }
1173 }
1174
1175 int start_async(struct async *async)
1176 {
1177         int need_in, need_out;
1178         int fdin[2], fdout[2];
1179         int proc_in, proc_out;
1180
1181         need_in = async->in < 0;
1182         if (need_in) {
1183                 if (pipe(fdin) < 0) {
1184                         if (async->out > 0)
1185                                 close(async->out);
1186                         return error_errno("cannot create pipe");
1187                 }
1188                 async->in = fdin[1];
1189         }
1190
1191         need_out = async->out < 0;
1192         if (need_out) {
1193                 if (pipe(fdout) < 0) {
1194                         if (need_in)
1195                                 close_pair(fdin);
1196                         else if (async->in)
1197                                 close(async->in);
1198                         return error_errno("cannot create pipe");
1199                 }
1200                 async->out = fdout[0];
1201         }
1202
1203         if (need_in)
1204                 proc_in = fdin[0];
1205         else if (async->in)
1206                 proc_in = async->in;
1207         else
1208                 proc_in = -1;
1209
1210         if (need_out)
1211                 proc_out = fdout[1];
1212         else if (async->out)
1213                 proc_out = async->out;
1214         else
1215                 proc_out = -1;
1216
1217 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
1218         /* Flush stdio before fork() to avoid cloning buffers */
1219         fflush(NULL);
1220
1221         async->pid = fork();
1222         if (async->pid < 0) {
1223                 error_errno("fork (async) failed");
1224                 goto error;
1225         }
1226         if (!async->pid) {
1227                 if (need_in)
1228                         close(fdin[1]);
1229                 if (need_out)
1230                         close(fdout[0]);
1231                 git_atexit_clear();
1232                 process_is_async = 1;
1233                 exit(!!async->proc(proc_in, proc_out, async->data));
1234         }
1235
1236         mark_child_for_cleanup(async->pid, NULL);
1237
1238         if (need_in)
1239                 close(fdin[0]);
1240         else if (async->in)
1241                 close(async->in);
1242
1243         if (need_out)
1244                 close(fdout[1]);
1245         else if (async->out)
1246                 close(async->out);
1247 #else
1248         if (!main_thread_set) {
1249                 /*
1250                  * We assume that the first time that start_async is called
1251                  * it is from the main thread.
1252                  */
1253                 main_thread_set = 1;
1254                 main_thread = pthread_self();
1255                 pthread_key_create(&async_key, NULL);
1256                 pthread_key_create(&async_die_counter, NULL);
1257                 set_die_routine(die_async);
1258                 set_die_is_recursing_routine(async_die_is_recursing);
1259         }
1260
1261         if (proc_in >= 0)
1262                 set_cloexec(proc_in);
1263         if (proc_out >= 0)
1264                 set_cloexec(proc_out);
1265         async->proc_in = proc_in;
1266         async->proc_out = proc_out;
1267         {
1268                 int err = pthread_create(&async->tid, NULL, run_thread, async);
1269                 if (err) {
1270                         error(_("cannot create async thread: %s"), strerror(err));
1271                         goto error;
1272                 }
1273         }
1274 #endif
1275         return 0;
1276
1277 error:
1278         if (need_in)
1279                 close_pair(fdin);
1280         else if (async->in)
1281                 close(async->in);
1282
1283         if (need_out)
1284                 close_pair(fdout);
1285         else if (async->out)
1286                 close(async->out);
1287         return -1;
1288 }
1289
1290 int finish_async(struct async *async)
1291 {
1292 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
1293         return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process", 0);
1294 #else
1295         void *ret = (void *)(intptr_t)(-1);
1296
1297         if (pthread_join(async->tid, &ret))
1298                 error("pthread_join failed");
1299         return (int)(intptr_t)ret;
1300 #endif
1301 }
1302
1303 int async_with_fork(void)
1304 {
1305 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
1306         return 1;
1307 #else
1308         return 0;
1309 #endif
1310 }
1311
1312 const char *find_hook(const char *name)
1313 {
1314         static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
1315
1316         strbuf_reset(&path);
1317         strbuf_git_path(&path, "hooks/%s", name);
1318         if (access(path.buf, X_OK) < 0) {
1319                 int err = errno;
1320
1321 #ifdef STRIP_EXTENSION
1322                 strbuf_addstr(&path, STRIP_EXTENSION);
1323                 if (access(path.buf, X_OK) >= 0)
1324                         return path.buf;
1325                 if (errno == EACCES)
1326                         err = errno;
1327 #endif
1328
1329                 if (err == EACCES && advice_ignored_hook) {
1330                         static struct string_list advise_given = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
1331
1332                         if (!string_list_lookup(&advise_given, name)) {
1333                                 string_list_insert(&advise_given, name);
1334                                 advise(_("The '%s' hook was ignored because "
1335                                          "it's not set as executable.\n"
1336                                          "You can disable this warning with "
1337                                          "`git config advice.ignoredHook false`."),
1338                                        path.buf);
1339                         }
1340                 }
1341                 return NULL;
1342         }
1343         return path.buf;
1344 }
1345
1346 int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args)
1347 {
1348         struct child_process hook = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
1349         const char *p;
1350
1351         p = find_hook(name);
1352         if (!p)
1353                 return 0;
1354
1355         argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
1356         while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
1357                 argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
1358         hook.env = env;
1359         hook.no_stdin = 1;
1360         hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
1361         hook.trace2_hook_name = name;
1362
1363         return run_command(&hook);
1364 }
1365
1366 int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...)
1367 {
1368         va_list args;
1369         int ret;
1370
1371         va_start(args, name);
1372         ret = run_hook_ve(env, name, args);
1373         va_end(args);
1374
1375         return ret;
1376 }
1377
1378 struct io_pump {
1379         /* initialized by caller */
1380         int fd;
1381         int type; /* POLLOUT or POLLIN */
1382         union {
1383                 struct {
1384                         const char *buf;
1385                         size_t len;
1386                 } out;
1387                 struct {
1388                         struct strbuf *buf;
1389                         size_t hint;
1390                 } in;
1391         } u;
1392
1393         /* returned by pump_io */
1394         int error; /* 0 for success, otherwise errno */
1395
1396         /* internal use */
1397         struct pollfd *pfd;
1398 };
1399
1400 static int pump_io_round(struct io_pump *slots, int nr, struct pollfd *pfd)
1401 {
1402         int pollsize = 0;
1403         int i;
1404
1405         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
1406                 struct io_pump *io = &slots[i];
1407                 if (io->fd < 0)
1408                         continue;
1409                 pfd[pollsize].fd = io->fd;
1410                 pfd[pollsize].events = io->type;
1411                 io->pfd = &pfd[pollsize++];
1412         }
1413
1414         if (!pollsize)
1415                 return 0;
1416
1417         if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
1418                 if (errno == EINTR)
1419                         return 1;
1420                 die_errno("poll failed");
1421         }
1422
1423         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
1424                 struct io_pump *io = &slots[i];
1425
1426                 if (io->fd < 0)
1427                         continue;
1428
1429                 if (!(io->pfd->revents & (POLLOUT|POLLIN|POLLHUP|POLLERR|POLLNVAL)))
1430                         continue;
1431
1432                 if (io->type == POLLOUT) {
1433                         ssize_t len = xwrite(io->fd,
1434                                              io->u.out.buf, io->u.out.len);
1435                         if (len < 0) {
1436                                 io->error = errno;
1437                                 close(io->fd);
1438                                 io->fd = -1;
1439                         } else {
1440                                 io->u.out.buf += len;
1441                                 io->u.out.len -= len;
1442                                 if (!io->u.out.len) {
1443                                         close(io->fd);
1444                                         io->fd = -1;
1445                                 }
1446                         }
1447                 }
1448
1449                 if (io->type == POLLIN) {
1450                         ssize_t len = strbuf_read_once(io->u.in.buf,
1451                                                        io->fd, io->u.in.hint);
1452                         if (len < 0)
1453                                 io->error = errno;
1454                         if (len <= 0) {
1455                                 close(io->fd);
1456                                 io->fd = -1;
1457                         }
1458                 }
1459         }
1460
1461         return 1;
1462 }
1463
1464 static int pump_io(struct io_pump *slots, int nr)
1465 {
1466         struct pollfd *pfd;
1467         int i;
1468
1469         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
1470                 slots[i].error = 0;
1471
1472         ALLOC_ARRAY(pfd, nr);
1473         while (pump_io_round(slots, nr, pfd))
1474                 ; /* nothing */
1475         free(pfd);
1476
1477         /* There may be multiple errno values, so just pick the first. */
1478         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
1479                 if (slots[i].error) {
1480                         errno = slots[i].error;
1481                         return -1;
1482                 }
1483         }
1484         return 0;
1485 }
1486
1487
1488 int pipe_command(struct child_process *cmd,
1489                  const char *in, size_t in_len,
1490                  struct strbuf *out, size_t out_hint,
1491                  struct strbuf *err, size_t err_hint)
1492 {
1493         struct io_pump io[3];
1494         int nr = 0;
1495
1496         if (in)
1497                 cmd->in = -1;
1498         if (out)
1499                 cmd->out = -1;
1500         if (err)
1501                 cmd->err = -1;
1502
1503         if (start_command(cmd) < 0)
1504                 return -1;
1505
1506         if (in) {
1507                 io[nr].fd = cmd->in;
1508                 io[nr].type = POLLOUT;
1509                 io[nr].u.out.buf = in;
1510                 io[nr].u.out.len = in_len;
1511                 nr++;
1512         }
1513         if (out) {
1514                 io[nr].fd = cmd->out;
1515                 io[nr].type = POLLIN;
1516                 io[nr].u.in.buf = out;
1517                 io[nr].u.in.hint = out_hint;
1518                 nr++;
1519         }
1520         if (err) {
1521                 io[nr].fd = cmd->err;
1522                 io[nr].type = POLLIN;
1523                 io[nr].u.in.buf = err;
1524                 io[nr].u.in.hint = err_hint;
1525                 nr++;
1526         }
1527
1528         if (pump_io(io, nr) < 0) {
1529                 finish_command(cmd); /* throw away exit code */
1530                 return -1;
1531         }
1532
1533         return finish_command(cmd);
1534 }
1535
1536 enum child_state {
1537         GIT_CP_FREE,
1538         GIT_CP_WORKING,
1539         GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP,
1540 };
1541
1542 struct parallel_processes {
1543         void *data;
1544
1545         int max_processes;
1546         int nr_processes;
1547
1548         get_next_task_fn get_next_task;
1549         start_failure_fn start_failure;
1550         task_finished_fn task_finished;
1551
1552         struct {
1553                 enum child_state state;
1554                 struct child_process process;
1555                 struct strbuf err;
1556                 void *data;
1557         } *children;
1558         /*
1559          * The struct pollfd is logically part of *children,
1560          * but the system call expects it as its own array.
1561          */
1562         struct pollfd *pfd;
1563
1564         unsigned shutdown : 1;
1565
1566         int output_owner;
1567         struct strbuf buffered_output; /* of finished children */
1568 };
1569
1570 static int default_start_failure(struct strbuf *out,
1571                                  void *pp_cb,
1572                                  void *pp_task_cb)
1573 {
1574         return 0;
1575 }
1576
1577 static int default_task_finished(int result,
1578                                  struct strbuf *out,
1579                                  void *pp_cb,
1580                                  void *pp_task_cb)
1581 {
1582         return 0;
1583 }
1584
1585 static void kill_children(struct parallel_processes *pp, int signo)
1586 {
1587         int i, n = pp->max_processes;
1588
1589         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1590                 if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING)
1591                         kill(pp->children[i].process.pid, signo);
1592 }
1593
1594 static struct parallel_processes *pp_for_signal;
1595
1596 static void handle_children_on_signal(int signo)
1597 {
1598         kill_children(pp_for_signal, signo);
1599         sigchain_pop(signo);
1600         raise(signo);
1601 }
1602
1603 static void pp_init(struct parallel_processes *pp,
1604                     int n,
1605                     get_next_task_fn get_next_task,
1606                     start_failure_fn start_failure,
1607                     task_finished_fn task_finished,
1608                     void *data)
1609 {
1610         int i;
1611
1612         if (n < 1)
1613                 n = online_cpus();
1614
1615         pp->max_processes = n;
1616
1617         trace_printf("run_processes_parallel: preparing to run up to %d tasks", n);
1618
1619         pp->data = data;
1620         if (!get_next_task)
1621                 BUG("you need to specify a get_next_task function");
1622         pp->get_next_task = get_next_task;
1623
1624         pp->start_failure = start_failure ? start_failure : default_start_failure;
1625         pp->task_finished = task_finished ? task_finished : default_task_finished;
1626
1627         pp->nr_processes = 0;
1628         pp->output_owner = 0;
1629         pp->shutdown = 0;
1630         pp->children = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*pp->children));
1631         pp->pfd = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*pp->pfd));
1632         strbuf_init(&pp->buffered_output, 0);
1633
1634         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1635                 strbuf_init(&pp->children[i].err, 0);
1636                 child_process_init(&pp->children[i].process);
1637                 pp->pfd[i].events = POLLIN | POLLHUP;
1638                 pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
1639         }
1640
1641         pp_for_signal = pp;
1642         sigchain_push_common(handle_children_on_signal);
1643 }
1644
1645 static void pp_cleanup(struct parallel_processes *pp)
1646 {
1647         int i;
1648
1649         trace_printf("run_processes_parallel: done");
1650         for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++) {
1651                 strbuf_release(&pp->children[i].err);
1652                 child_process_clear(&pp->children[i].process);
1653         }
1654
1655         free(pp->children);
1656         free(pp->pfd);
1657
1658         /*
1659          * When get_next_task added messages to the buffer in its last
1660          * iteration, the buffered output is non empty.
1661          */
1662         strbuf_write(&pp->buffered_output, stderr);
1663         strbuf_release(&pp->buffered_output);
1664
1665         sigchain_pop_common();
1666 }
1667
1668 /* returns
1669  *  0 if a new task was started.
1670  *  1 if no new jobs was started (get_next_task ran out of work, non critical
1671  *    problem with starting a new command)
1672  * <0 no new job was started, user wishes to shutdown early. Use negative code
1673  *    to signal the children.
1674  */
1675 static int pp_start_one(struct parallel_processes *pp)
1676 {
1677         int i, code;
1678
1679         for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++)
1680                 if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_FREE)
1681                         break;
1682         if (i == pp->max_processes)
1683                 BUG("bookkeeping is hard");
1684
1685         code = pp->get_next_task(&pp->children[i].process,
1686                                  &pp->children[i].err,
1687                                  pp->data,
1688                                  &pp->children[i].data);
1689         if (!code) {
1690                 strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
1691                 strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
1692                 return 1;
1693         }
1694         pp->children[i].process.err = -1;
1695         pp->children[i].process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
1696         pp->children[i].process.no_stdin = 1;
1697
1698         if (start_command(&pp->children[i].process)) {
1699                 code = pp->start_failure(&pp->children[i].err,
1700                                          pp->data,
1701                                          pp->children[i].data);
1702                 strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
1703                 strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
1704                 if (code)
1705                         pp->shutdown = 1;
1706                 return code;
1707         }
1708
1709         pp->nr_processes++;
1710         pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_WORKING;
1711         pp->pfd[i].fd = pp->children[i].process.err;
1712         return 0;
1713 }
1714
1715 static void pp_buffer_stderr(struct parallel_processes *pp, int output_timeout)
1716 {
1717         int i;
1718
1719         while ((i = poll(pp->pfd, pp->max_processes, output_timeout)) < 0) {
1720                 if (errno == EINTR)
1721                         continue;
1722                 pp_cleanup(pp);
1723                 die_errno("poll");
1724         }
1725
1726         /* Buffer output from all pipes. */
1727         for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++) {
1728                 if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING &&
1729                     pp->pfd[i].revents & (POLLIN | POLLHUP)) {
1730                         int n = strbuf_read_once(&pp->children[i].err,
1731                                                  pp->children[i].process.err, 0);
1732                         if (n == 0) {
1733                                 close(pp->children[i].process.err);
1734                                 pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP;
1735                         } else if (n < 0)
1736                                 if (errno != EAGAIN)
1737                                         die_errno("read");
1738                 }
1739         }
1740 }
1741
1742 static void pp_output(struct parallel_processes *pp)
1743 {
1744         int i = pp->output_owner;
1745         if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING &&
1746             pp->children[i].err.len) {
1747                 strbuf_write(&pp->children[i].err, stderr);
1748                 strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
1749         }
1750 }
1751
1752 static int pp_collect_finished(struct parallel_processes *pp)
1753 {
1754         int i, code;
1755         int n = pp->max_processes;
1756         int result = 0;
1757
1758         while (pp->nr_processes > 0) {
1759                 for (i = 0; i < pp->max_processes; i++)
1760                         if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP)
1761                                 break;
1762                 if (i == pp->max_processes)
1763                         break;
1764
1765                 code = finish_command(&pp->children[i].process);
1766
1767                 code = pp->task_finished(code,
1768                                          &pp->children[i].err, pp->data,
1769                                          pp->children[i].data);
1770
1771                 if (code)
1772                         result = code;
1773                 if (code < 0)
1774                         break;
1775
1776                 pp->nr_processes--;
1777                 pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_FREE;
1778                 pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
1779                 child_process_init(&pp->children[i].process);
1780
1781                 if (i != pp->output_owner) {
1782                         strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
1783                         strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
1784                 } else {
1785                         strbuf_write(&pp->children[i].err, stderr);
1786                         strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
1787
1788                         /* Output all other finished child processes */
1789                         strbuf_write(&pp->buffered_output, stderr);
1790                         strbuf_reset(&pp->buffered_output);
1791
1792                         /*
1793                          * Pick next process to output live.
1794                          * NEEDSWORK:
1795                          * For now we pick it randomly by doing a round
1796                          * robin. Later we may want to pick the one with
1797                          * the most output or the longest or shortest
1798                          * running process time.
1799                          */
1800                         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1801                                 if (pp->children[(pp->output_owner + i) % n].state == GIT_CP_WORKING)
1802                                         break;
1803                         pp->output_owner = (pp->output_owner + i) % n;
1804                 }
1805         }
1806         return result;
1807 }
1808
1809 int run_processes_parallel(int n,
1810                            get_next_task_fn get_next_task,
1811                            start_failure_fn start_failure,
1812                            task_finished_fn task_finished,
1813                            void *pp_cb)
1814 {
1815         int i, code;
1816         int output_timeout = 100;
1817         int spawn_cap = 4;
1818         struct parallel_processes pp;
1819
1820         pp_init(&pp, n, get_next_task, start_failure, task_finished, pp_cb);
1821         while (1) {
1822                 for (i = 0;
1823                     i < spawn_cap && !pp.shutdown &&
1824                     pp.nr_processes < pp.max_processes;
1825                     i++) {
1826                         code = pp_start_one(&pp);
1827                         if (!code)
1828                                 continue;
1829                         if (code < 0) {
1830                                 pp.shutdown = 1;
1831                                 kill_children(&pp, -code);
1832                         }
1833                         break;
1834                 }
1835                 if (!pp.nr_processes)
1836                         break;
1837                 pp_buffer_stderr(&pp, output_timeout);
1838                 pp_output(&pp);
1839                 code = pp_collect_finished(&pp);
1840                 if (code) {
1841                         pp.shutdown = 1;
1842                         if (code < 0)
1843                                 kill_children(&pp, -code);
1844                 }
1845         }
1846
1847         pp_cleanup(&pp);
1848         return 0;
1849 }
1850
1851 int run_processes_parallel_tr2(int n, get_next_task_fn get_next_task,
1852                                start_failure_fn start_failure,
1853                                task_finished_fn task_finished, void *pp_cb,
1854                                const char *tr2_category, const char *tr2_label)
1855 {
1856         int result;
1857
1858         trace2_region_enter_printf(tr2_category, tr2_label, NULL, "max:%d",
1859                                    ((n < 1) ? online_cpus() : n));
1860
1861         result = run_processes_parallel(n, get_next_task, start_failure,
1862                                         task_finished, pp_cb);
1863
1864         trace2_region_leave(tr2_category, tr2_label, NULL);
1865
1866         return result;
1867 }
1868
1869 int run_auto_gc(int quiet)
1870 {
1871         struct argv_array argv_gc_auto = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
1872         int status;
1873
1874         argv_array_pushl(&argv_gc_auto, "gc", "--auto", NULL);
1875         if (quiet)
1876                 argv_array_push(&argv_gc_auto, "--quiet");
1877         status = run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
1878         argv_array_clear(&argv_gc_auto);
1879         return status;
1880 }