4 Backward compatibility notes and other notable changes.
6 * Use of an empty string as a pathspec element that is used for
7 'everything matches' is still warned and Git asks users to use a
8 more explicit '.' for that instead. The hope is that existing
9 users will not mind this change, and eventually the warning can be
10 turned into a hard error, upgrading the deprecation into removal of
11 this (mis)feature. That is not scheduled to happen in the upcoming
14 * Git now avoids blindly falling back to ".git" when the setup
15 sequence said we are _not_ in Git repository. A corner case that
16 happens to work right now may be broken by a call to die("BUG").
17 We've tried hard to locate such cases and fixed them, but there
18 might still be cases that need to be addressed--bug reports are
21 * The experiment to improve the hunk-boundary selection of textual
22 diff output has finished, and the "indent heuristics" has now
25 * Git can now be built with PCRE v2 instead of v1 of the PCRE
26 library. Replace USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease with USE_LIBPCRE2=YesPlease
27 in existing build scripts to build against the new version. As the
28 upstream PCRE maintainer has abandoned v1 maintenance for all but
29 the most critical bug fixes, use of v2 is recommended.
35 UI, Workflows & Features
37 * The colors in which "git status --short --branch" showed the names
38 of the current branch and its remote-tracking branch are now
41 * "git clone" learned the "--no-tags" option not to fetch all tags
42 initially, and also set up the tagopt not to follow any tags in
45 * "git archive --format=zip" learned to use zip64 extension when
46 necessary to go beyond the 4GB limit.
48 * "git reset" learned "--recurse-submodules" option.
50 * "git diff --submodule=diff" now recurses into nested submodules.
52 * "git repack" learned to accept the --threads=<n> option and pass it
55 * "git send-email" learned to run sendemail-validate hook to inspect
56 and reject a message before sending it out.
58 * There is no good reason why "git fetch $there $sha1" should fail
59 when the $sha1 names an object at the tip of an advertised ref,
60 even when the other side hasn't enabled allowTipSHA1InWant.
62 * The "[includeIf "gitdir:$dir"] path=..." mechanism introduced in
63 2.13.0 would canonicalize the path of the gitdir being matched,
64 and did not match e.g. "gitdir:~/work/*" against a repo in
65 "~/work/main" if "~/work" was a symlink to "/mnt/storage/work".
66 Now we match both the resolved canonical path and what "pwd" would
67 show. The include will happen if either one matches.
69 * The "indent" heuristics is now the default in "diff". The
70 diff.indentHeuristic configuration variable can be set to "false"
71 for those who do not want it.
73 * Many commands learned to pay attention to submodule.recurse
76 * The convention for a command line is to follow "git cmdname
77 --options" with revisions followed by an optional "--"
78 disambiguator and then finally pathspecs. When "--" is not there,
79 we make sure early ones are all interpretable as revs (and do not
80 look like paths) and later ones are the other way around. A
81 pathspec with "magic" (e.g. ":/p/a/t/h" that matches p/a/t/h from
82 the top-level of the working tree, no matter what subdirectory you
83 are working from) are conservatively judged as "not a path", which
84 required disambiguation more often. The command line parser
85 learned to say "it's a pathspec" a bit more often when the syntax
88 * Update "perl-compatible regular expression" support to enable JIT
89 and also allow linking with the newer PCRE v2 library.
91 * "filter-branch" learned a pseudo filter "--setup" that can be used
92 to define common functions/variables that can be used by other
95 * Using "git add d/i/r" when d/i/r is the top of the working tree of
96 a separate repository would create a gitlink in the index, which
97 would appear as a not-quite-initialized submodule to others. We
98 learned to give warnings when this happens.
100 * "git status" learned to optionally give how many stash entries there
103 * "git status" has long shown essentially the same message as "git
104 commit"; the message it gives while preparing for the root commit,
105 i.e. "Initial commit", was hard to understand for some new users.
106 Now it says "No commits yet" to stress more on the current status
107 (rather than the commit the user is preparing for, which is more in
108 line with the focus of "git commit").
110 * "git send-email" now has --batch-size and --relogin-delay options
111 which can be used to overcome limitations on SMTP servers that
112 restrict on how many of e-mails can be sent in a single session.
114 * An old message shown in the commit log template was removed, as it
115 has outlived its usefulness.
117 * "git pull --rebase --recurse-submodules" learns to rebase the
118 branch in the submodules to an updated base.
120 * "git log" learned -P as a synonym for --perl-regexp, "git grep"
121 already had such a synonym.
123 * "git log" didn't understand --regexp-ignore-case when combined with
124 --perl-regexp. This has been fixed.
126 Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
128 * The default packed-git limit value has been raised on larger
129 platforms to save "git fetch" from a (recoverable) failure while
130 "gc" is running in parallel.
132 * Code to update the cache-tree has been tightened so that we won't
133 accidentally write out any 0{40} entry in the tree object.
135 * Attempt to allow us notice "fishy" situation where we fail to
136 remove the temporary directory used during the test.
138 * Travis CI gained a task to format the documentation with both
139 AsciiDoc and AsciiDoctor.
141 * Some platforms have ulong that is smaller than time_t, and our
142 historical use of ulong for timestamp would mean they cannot
143 represent some timestamp that the platform allows. Invent a
144 separate and dedicated timestamp_t (so that we can distingiuish
145 timestamps and a vanilla ulongs, which along is already a good
146 move), and then declare uintmax_t is the type to be used as the
149 * We can trigger Windows auto-build tester (credits: Dscho &
150 Microsoft) from our existing Travis CI tester now.
152 * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues.
154 * Simplify parse_pathspec() codepath and stop it from looking at the
155 default in-core index.
157 * Add perf-test for wildmatch.
159 * Code from "conversion using external process" codepath has been
160 extracted to a separate sub-process.[ch] module.
162 * When "git checkout", "git merge", etc. manipulates the in-core
163 index, various pieces of information in the index extensions are
164 discarded from the original state, as it is usually not the case
165 that they are kept up-to-date and in-sync with the operation on the
166 main index. The untracked cache extension is copied across these
167 operations now, which would speed up "git status" (as long as the
168 cache is properly invalidated).
170 * The internal implementation of "git grep" has seen some clean-up.
172 * Update the C style recommendation for notes for translators, as
173 recent versions of gettext tools can work with our style of
176 * The implementation of "ref" API around the "packed refs" have been
177 cleaned up, in preparation for further changes.
179 * The internal logic used in "git blame" has been libified to make it
180 easier to use by cgit.
182 * Our code often opens a path to an optional file, to work on its
183 contents when we can successfully open it. We can ignore a failure
184 to open if such an optional file does not exist, but we do want to
185 report a failure in opening for other reasons (e.g. we got an I/O
186 error, or the file is there, but we lack the permission to open).
188 The exact errors we need to ignore are ENOENT (obviously) and
189 ENOTDIR (less obvious). Instead of repeating comparison of errno
190 with these two constants, introduce a helper function to do so.
192 * We often try to open a file for reading whose existence is
193 optional, and silently ignore errors from open/fopen; report such
194 errors if they are not due to missing files.
196 * When an existing repository is used for t/perf testing, we first
197 create bit-for-bit copy of it, which may grab a transient state of
198 the repository and freeze it into the repository used for testing,
199 which then may cause Git operations to fail. Single out "the index
200 being locked" case and forcibly drop the lock from the copy.
202 * Three instances of the same helper function have been consolidated
205 * "fast-import" uses a default pack chain depth that is consistent
206 with other parts of the system.
208 * A new test to show the interaction between the pattern [^a-z]
209 (which matches '/') and a slash in a path has been added. The
210 pattern should not match the slash with "pathmatch", but should
213 * The 'diff-highlight' program (in contrib/) has been restructured
214 for easier reuse by an external project 'diff-so-fancy'.
216 * A common pattern to free a piece of memory and assign NULL to the
217 pointer that used to point at it has been replaced with a new
218 FREE_AND_NULL() macro.
220 * Traditionally, the default die() routine had a code to prevent it
221 from getting called multiple times, which interacted badly when a
222 threaded program used it (one downside is that the real error may
223 be hidden and instead the only error message given to the user may
224 end up being "die recursion detected", which is not very useful).
226 * Introduce a "repository" object to eventually make it easier to
227 work in multiple repositories (the primary focus is to work with
228 the superproject and its submodules) in a single process.
230 * Optimize "what are the object names already taken in an alternate
231 object database?" query that is used to derive the length of prefix
232 an object name is uniquely abbreviated to.
234 * The hashmap API has been updated so that data to customize the
235 behaviour of the comparison function can be specified at the time a
236 hashmap is initialized.
238 * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13 is
239 now integrated into git.git as a submodule (the first submodule to
240 ship with git.git). Clone git.git with --recurse-submodules to get
241 it. For now a non-submodule copy of the same code is also shipped
244 * A recent update made it easier to use "-fsanitize=" option while
245 compiling but supported only one sanitize option. Allow more than
246 one to be combined, joined with a comma, like "make SANITIZE=foo,bar".
248 * Use "p4 -G" to make "p4 changes" output more Python-friendly
251 * We started using "%" PRItime, imitating "%" PRIuMAX and friends, as
252 a way to format the internal timestamp value, but this does not
253 play well with gettext(1) i18n framework, and causes "make pot"
254 that is run by the l10n coordinator to create a broken po/git.pot
255 file. This is a possible workaround for that problem.
257 * It turns out that Cygwin also needs the fopen() wrapper that
258 returns failure when a directory is opened for reading.
260 Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
266 Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.13 in the maintenance
267 track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
270 * "git gc" did not interact well with "git worktree"-managed
273 * "git cherry-pick" and other uses of the sequencer machinery
274 mishandled a trailer block whose last line is an incomplete line.
275 This has been fixed so that an additional sign-off etc. are added
276 after completing the existing incomplete line.
278 * The codepath in "git am" that is used when running "git rebase"
279 leaked memory held for the log message of the commits being rebased.
281 * "git clone --config var=val" is a way to populate the
282 per-repository configuration file of the new repository, but it did
283 not work well when val is an empty string. This has been fixed.
285 * Setting "log.decorate=false" in the configuration file did not take
286 effect in v2.13, which has been corrected.
288 * A few codepaths in "checkout" and "am" working on an unborn branch
289 tried to access an uninitialized piece of memory.
291 * The Web interface to gmane news archive is long gone, even though
292 the articles are still accessible via NTTP. Replace the links with
293 ones to public-inbox.org. Because their message identification is
294 based on the actual message-id, it is likely that it will be easier
295 to migrate away from it if/when necessary.
297 * The receive-pack program now makes sure that the push certificate
298 records the same set of push options used for pushing.
300 * Tests have been updated to pass under GETTEXT_POISON (a mechanism
301 to ensure that output strings that should not be translated are
302 not translated by mistake), and TravisCI is told to run them.
304 * "git checkout --recurse-submodules" did not quite work with a
305 submodule that itself has submodules.
307 * "pack-objects" can stream a slice of an existing packfile out when
308 the pack bitmap can tell that the reachable objects are all needed
309 in the output, without inspecting individual objects. This
310 strategy however would not work well when "--local" and other
311 options are in use, and need to be disabled.
313 * Fix memory leaks pointed out by Coverity (and people).
315 * "git read-tree -m" (no tree-ish) gave a nonsense suggestion "use
316 --empty if you want to clear the index". With "-m", such a request
317 will still fail anyway, as you'd need to name at least one tree-ish
320 * Make sure our tests would pass when the sources are checked out
321 with "platform native" line ending convention by default on
322 Windows. Some "text" files out tests use and the test scripts
323 themselves that are meant to be run with /bin/sh, ought to be
324 checked out with eol=LF even on Windows.
326 * Introduce the BUG() macro to improve die("BUG: ...").
328 * Clarify documentation for include.path and includeIf.<condition>.path
329 configuration variables.
331 * Git sometimes gives an advice in a rhetorical question that does
332 not require an answer, which can confuse new users and non native
333 speakers. Attempt to rephrase them.
335 * A few http:// links that are redirected to https:// in the
336 documentation have been updated to https:// links.
338 * "git for-each-ref --format=..." with %(HEAD) in the format used to
339 resolve the HEAD symref as many times as it had processed refs,
340 which was wasteful, and "git branch" shared the same problem.
342 * Regression fix to topic recently merged to 'master'.
344 * The shell completion script (in contrib/) learned "git stash" has
345 a new "push" subcommand.
347 * "git interpret-trailers", when used as GIT_EDITOR for "git commit
348 -v", looked for and appended to a trailer block at the very end,
349 i.e. at the end of the "diff" output. The command has been
350 corrected to pay attention to the cut-mark line "commit -v" adds to
351 the buffer---the real trailer block should appear just before it.
353 * A test allowed both "git push" and "git receive-pack" on the other
354 end write their traces into the same file. This is OK on platforms
355 that allows atomically appending to a file opened with O_APPEND,
356 but on other platforms led to a mangled output, causing
357 intermittent test failures. This has been fixed by disabling
358 traces from "receive-pack" in the test.
360 * Tag objects, which are not reachable from any ref, that point at
361 missing objects were mishandled by "git gc" and friends (they
362 should silently be ignored instead)
364 * "git describe --contains" penalized light-weight tags so much that
365 they were almost never considered. Instead, give them about the
366 same chance to be considered as an annotated tag that is the same
367 age as the underlying commit would.
369 * The "run-command" API implementation has been made more robust
370 against dead-locking in a threaded environment.
372 * A recent update to t5545-push-options.sh started skipping all the
373 tests in the script when a web server testing is disabled or
374 unavailable, not just the ones that require a web server. Non HTTP
375 tests have been salvaged to always run in this script.
377 * "git send-email" now uses Net::SMTP::SSL, which is obsolete, only
378 when needed. Recent versions of Net::SMTP can do TLS natively.
380 * "foo\bar\baz" in "git fetch foo\bar\baz", even though there is no
381 slashes in it, cannot be a nickname for a remote on Windows, as
382 that is likely to be a pathname on a local filesystem.
384 * "git clean -d" used to clean directories that has ignored files,
385 even though the command should not lose ignored ones without "-x".
386 "git status --ignored" did not list ignored and untracked files
387 without "-uall". These have been corrected.
389 * The result from "git diff" that compares two blobs, e.g. "git diff
390 $commit1:$path $commit2:$path", used to be shown with the full
391 object name as given on the command line, but it is more natural to
392 use the $path in the output and use it to look up .gitattributes.
394 * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13
395 was quite broken on some big-endian platforms and/or platforms that
396 do not like unaligned fetches. Update to the upstream code which
397 has already fixed these issues.
399 * "git am -h" triggered a BUG().
401 * The interaction of "url.*.insteadOf" and custom URL scheme's
402 whitelisting is now documented better.
404 * The timestamp of the index file is now taken after the file is
405 closed, to help Windows, on which a stale timestamp is reported by
406 fstat() on a file that is opened for writing and data was written
409 * "git pull --rebase --autostash" didn't auto-stash when the local history
410 fast-forwards to the upstream.
412 * A flaky test has been corrected.
414 * "git $cmd -h" for builtin commands calls the implementation of the
415 command (i.e. cmd_$cmd() function) without doing any repository
416 set-up, and the commands that expect RUN_SETUP is done by the Git
417 potty needs to be prepared to show the help text without barfing.
418 (merge d691551192 jk/consistent-h later to maint).
420 * Help contributors that visit us at GitHub.
422 * "git stash push <pathspec>" did not work from a subdirectory at all.
423 Bugfix for a topic in v2.13
425 * As there is no portable way to pass timezone information to
426 strftime, some output format from "git log" and friends are
427 impossible to produce. Teach our own strbuf_addftime to replace %z
428 and %Z with caller-supplied values to help working around this.
429 (merge 6eced3ec5e rs/strbuf-addftime-zZ later to maint).
431 * "git mergetool" learned to work around a wrapper MacOS X adds
432 around underlying meld.
434 * An example in documentation that does not work in multi worktree
435 configuration has been corrected.
437 * The pretty-format specifiers like '%h', '%t', etc. had an
438 optimization that no longer works correctly. In preparation/hope
439 of getting it correctly implemented, first discard the optimization
442 * The code to pick up and execute command alias definition from the
443 configuration used to switch to the top of the working tree and
444 then come back when the expanded alias was executed, which was
445 unnecessarilyl complex. Attempt to simplify the logic by using the
446 early-config mechanism that does not chdir around.
448 * Fix configuration codepath to pay proper attention to commondir
449 that is used in multi-worktree situation, and isolate config API
450 into its own header file.
451 (merge dc8441fdb4 bw/config-h later to maint).
453 * "git add -p" were updated in 2.12 timeframe to cope with custom
454 core.commentchar but the implementation was buggy and a
455 metacharacter like $ and * did not work.
457 * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" has been fixed and tests
458 that would have caught it and others have been added.
460 * An unaligned 32-bit access in pack-bitmap code has been corrected.
462 * Tighten error checks for invalid "git apply" input.
464 * The split index code did not honor core.sharedRepository setting
467 * The Makefile rule in contrib/subtree for building documentation
468 learned to honour USE_ASCIIDOCTOR just like the main documentation
471 * Code clean-up to fix possible buffer over-reading.
473 * A few tests that tried to verify the contents of push certificates
474 did not use 'git rev-parse' to formulate the line to look for in
475 the certificate correctly.
477 * Update the character width tables.
479 * After "git branch --move" of the currently checked out branch, the
480 code to walk the reflog of HEAD via "log -g" and friends
481 incorrectly stopped at the reflog entry that records the renaming
484 * The rewrite of "git branch --list" using for-each-ref's internals
485 that happened in v2.13 regressed its handling of color.branch.local;
488 * The build procedure has been improved to allow building and testing
489 Git with address sanitizer more easily.
490 (merge 425ca6710b jk/build-with-asan later to maint).
492 * On Cygwin, similar to Windows, "git push //server/share/repository"
493 ought to mean a repository on a network share that can be accessed
494 locally, but this did not work correctly due to stripping the double
495 slashes at the beginning.
497 * The progress meter did not give a useful output when we haven't had
498 0.5 seconds to measure the throughput during the interval. Instead
499 show the overall throughput rate at the end, which is a much more
502 * Code clean-up, that makes us in sync with Debian by one patch.
504 * We run an early part of "git gc" that deals with refs before
505 daemonising (and not under lock) even when running a background
506 auto-gc, which caused multiple gc processes attempting to run the
507 early part at the same time. This is now prevented by running the
508 early part also under the GC lock.
510 * A recent update broke an alias that contained an uppercase letter.
512 * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups.
513 (merge 5053313562 rs/urlmatch-cleanup later to maint).
514 (merge 42c78a216e rs/use-div-round-up later to maint).
515 (merge 5e8d2729ae rs/wt-status-cleanup later to maint).
516 (merge bc9b7e207f as/diff-options-grammofix later to maint).
517 (merge ac05222b31 ah/patch-id-doc later to maint).
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