1 Git commit graph format
2 =======================
4 The Git commit graph stores a list of commit OIDs and some associated
7 - The generation number of the commit. Commits with no parents have
8 generation number 1; commits with parents have generation number
9 one more than the maximum generation number of its parents. We
10 reserve zero as special, and can be used to mark a generation
11 number invalid or as "not computed".
17 - The parents of the commit, stored using positional references within
20 These positional references are stored as unsigned 32-bit integers
21 corresponding to the array position within the list of commit OIDs. Due
22 to some special constants we use to track parents, we can store at most
23 (1 << 30) + (1 << 29) + (1 << 28) - 1 (around 1.8 billion) commits.
25 == Commit graph files have the following format:
27 In order to allow extensions that add extra data to the graph, we organize
28 the body into "chunks" and provide a binary lookup table at the beginning
29 of the body. The header includes certain values, such as number of chunks
32 All 4-byte numbers are in network order.
37 The signature is: {'C', 'G', 'P', 'H'}
39 1-byte version number:
40 Currently, the only valid version is 1.
42 1-byte Hash Version (1 = SHA-1)
43 We infer the hash length (H) from this value.
45 1-byte number (C) of "chunks"
47 1-byte number (B) of base commit-graphs
48 We infer the length (H*B) of the Base Graphs chunk
53 (C + 1) * 12 bytes listing the table of contents for the chunks:
54 First 4 bytes describe the chunk id. Value 0 is a terminating label.
55 Other 8 bytes provide the byte-offset in current file for chunk to
56 start. (Chunks are ordered contiguously in the file, so you can infer
57 the length using the next chunk position if necessary.) Each chunk
58 ID appears at most once.
60 The remaining data in the body is described one chunk at a time, and
61 these chunks may be given in any order. Chunks are required unless
66 OID Fanout (ID: {'O', 'I', 'D', 'F'}) (256 * 4 bytes)
67 The ith entry, F[i], stores the number of OIDs with first
68 byte at most i. Thus F[255] stores the total
69 number of commits (N).
71 OID Lookup (ID: {'O', 'I', 'D', 'L'}) (N * H bytes)
72 The OIDs for all commits in the graph, sorted in ascending order.
74 Commit Data (ID: {'C', 'D', 'A', 'T' }) (N * (H + 16) bytes)
75 * The first H bytes are for the OID of the root tree.
76 * The next 8 bytes are for the positions of the first two parents
77 of the ith commit. Stores value 0x7000000 if no parent in that
78 position. If there are more than two parents, the second value
79 has its most-significant bit on and the other bits store an array
80 position into the Extra Edge List chunk.
81 * The next 8 bytes store the generation number of the commit and
82 the commit time in seconds since EPOCH. The generation number
83 uses the higher 30 bits of the first 4 bytes, while the commit
84 time uses the 32 bits of the second 4 bytes, along with the lowest
85 2 bits of the lowest byte, storing the 33rd and 34th bit of the
88 Extra Edge List (ID: {'E', 'D', 'G', 'E'}) [Optional]
89 This list of 4-byte values store the second through nth parents for
90 all octopus merges. The second parent value in the commit data stores
91 an array position within this list along with the most-significant bit
92 on. Starting at that array position, iterate through this list of commit
93 positions for the parents until reaching a value with the most-significant
94 bit on. The other bits correspond to the position of the last parent.
96 Base Graphs List (ID: {'B', 'A', 'S', 'E'}) [Optional]
97 This list of H-byte hashes describe a set of B commit-graph files that
98 form a commit-graph chain. The graph position for the ith commit in this
99 file's OID Lookup chunk is equal to i plus the number of commits in all
100 base graphs. If B is non-zero, this chunk must exist.
104 H-byte HASH-checksum of all of the above.