revision: add --except option

[git] / Documentation / git-rev-parse.txt

git-rev-parse(1)
================

NAME
----
git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters


SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...

DESCRIPTION
-----------

Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
(i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
downstream of 'git rev-list'.  This command is used to
distinguish between them.


OPTIONS
-------

Operation Modes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Each of these options must appear first on the command line.

--parseopt::
        Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).

--sq-quote::
        Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
        section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
        mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.

Options for --parseopt
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--keep-dashdash::
        Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
        out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.

--stop-at-non-option::
        Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode.  Lets the option parser stop at
        the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
        that take options themselves.

--stuck-long::
        Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their
        long form if available, and with their arguments stuck.

Options for Filtering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--revs-only::
        Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
        'git rev-list' command.

--no-revs::
        Do not output flags and parameters meant for
        'git rev-list' command.

--flags::
        Do not output non-flag parameters.

--no-flags::
        Do not output flag parameters.

Options for Output
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--default <arg>::
        If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
        instead.

--prefix <arg>::
        Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
        subdirectory of the working tree.  Any relative filenames are
        resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
        in that form.
+
This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
repository.  For example:
+
----
prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")"
----

--verify::
        Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
        can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
        access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
        output; otherwise, error out.
+
If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter.
For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
can be used.

-q::
--quiet::
        Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
        message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
        instead exit with non-zero status silently.

--sq::
        Usually the output is made one line per flag and
        parameter.  This option makes output a single line,
        properly quoted for consumption by shell.  Useful when
        you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
        newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
        'git diff-{asterisk}'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
        the command input is still interpreted as usual.

--not::
        When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
        strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
        one.

--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
        A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
        The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
        abbreviation mode.

--short::
--short=number::
        Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
        abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
        7 is used. The minimum length is 4.

--except::
        Skip the following object names. For example:
        '--branches --except master' will show all the branches, except master.
        This differs from --not in that --except will still show the object, if
        they are referenced by another object name.

--symbolic::
        Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
        possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
        form as close to the original input as possible.

--symbolic-full-name::
        This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
        are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
        explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
        want to name the "master" branch when there is an
        unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
        refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").

Options for Objects
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--all::
        Show all refs found in `refs/`.

--branches[=pattern]::
--tags[=pattern]::
--remotes[=pattern]::
        Show all branches, tags, or remote-tracking branches,
        respectively (i.e., refs found in `refs/heads`,
        `refs/tags`, or `refs/remotes`, respectively).
+
If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`.

--glob=pattern::
        Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
        the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
        prepended.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing
        character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
        match by appending `/*`.

--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
        Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
        `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
        consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
        up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
        `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
        accumlated patterns).
+
The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
explicitly.

--disambiguate=<prefix>::
        Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
        The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
        avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
        mistake.

Options for Files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--local-env-vars::
        List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
        repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
        Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
        even if they are set.

--git-dir::
        Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
        the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is
        relative to the current working directory.
+
If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.

--is-inside-git-dir::
        When the current working directory is below the repository
        directory print "true", otherwise "false".

--is-inside-work-tree::
        When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
        repository print "true", otherwise "false".

--is-bare-repository::
        When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".

--resolve-git-dir <path>::
        Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
        points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
        repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
        to the real repository is printed.

--show-cdup::
        When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
        path of the top-level directory relative to the current
        directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).

--show-prefix::
        When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
        path of the current directory relative to the top-level
        directory.

--show-toplevel::
        Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.

Other Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

--since=datestring::
--after=datestring::
        Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
        --max-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.

--until=datestring::
--before=datestring::
        Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
        --min-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.

<args>...::
        Flags and parameters to be parsed.


include::revisions.txt[]

PARSEOPT
--------

In `--parseopt` mode, 'git rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell
scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
(e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.

It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
understand, and echoes on the standard output a string suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
to replace the arguments with normalized ones.  In case of error, it outputs
usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.

Note: Make sure you quote the result when passing it to `eval`.  See
below for an example.

Input Format
~~~~~~~~~~~~

'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
(should be more than one) are used for the usage.
The lines after the separator describe the options.

Each line of options has this format:

------------
<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
------------

`<opt_spec>`::
        its format is the short option character, then the long option name
        separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
        is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
        `<opt_spec>`.

`<flags>`::
        `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
        * Use `=` if the option takes an argument.

        * Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You
          probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to
          unambiguously parse the optional argument.

        * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
          generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
          documented in linkgit:gitcli[7].

        * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.

The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
as the help associated to the option.

Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
lines on purpose).

Example
~~~~~~~

------------
OPTS_SPEC="\
some-command [options] <args>...

some-command does foo and bar!
--
h,help    show the help

foo       some nifty option --foo
bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument

  An option group Header
C?        option C with an optional argument"

eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
------------

SQ-QUOTE
--------

In `--sq-quote` mode, 'git rev-parse' echoes on the standard output a
single line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`. This line is made by
normalizing the arguments following `--sq-quote`. Nothing other than
quoting the arguments is done.

If you want command input to still be interpreted as usual by
'git rev-parse' before the output is shell quoted, see the `--sq`
option.

Example
~~~~~~~

------------
$ cat >your-git-script.sh <<\EOF
#!/bin/sh
args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")   # quote user-supplied arguments
command="git frotz -n24 $args"          # and use it inside a handcrafted
                                        # command line
eval "$command"
EOF

$ sh your-git-script.sh "a b'c"
------------

EXAMPLES
--------

* Print the object name of the current commit:
+
------------
$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
------------

* Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
+
------------
$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
------------
+
This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.

* Similar to above:
+
------------
$ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
------------
+
but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.

GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite