6 git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
12 'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
18 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
19 branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
20 `git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
22 More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
23 parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
24 heads into the current branch.
25 With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
27 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
28 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
29 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
30 a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
31 (e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
32 but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
34 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
35 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
36 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
38 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
42 A---B---C master on origin
46 origin/master in your repository
49 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
50 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
51 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
52 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
53 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
56 A---B---C origin/master
58 D---E---F---G---H master
61 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
62 are presented and handled.
64 In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
65 `git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
66 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
67 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
69 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
70 the merge will be automatically canceled and the work tree untouched.
71 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
72 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
79 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
80 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
85 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
87 --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
88 This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
89 be fetched and updated, too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and
90 linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
92 If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well.
94 If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out.
96 Options related to merging
97 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
101 include::merge-options.txt[]
104 --rebase[=false|true|recreate|preserve|interactive]::
105 When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
106 branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
107 corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
108 was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
109 to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
111 When set to recreate, rebase with the `--recreate-merges` option passed
112 to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
114 When set to preserve, rebase with the `--preserve-merges` option passed
115 to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
117 When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
119 When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
121 See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
122 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
123 `--rebase` instead of merging.
126 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
127 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
128 published that history already. Do *not* use this option
129 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
132 Override earlier --rebase.
136 Before starting rebase, stash local modifications away (see
137 linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash entry when
138 done. `--no-autostash` is useful to override the `rebase.autoStash`
139 configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
141 This option is only valid when "--rebase" is used.
143 Options related to fetching
144 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
146 include::fetch-options.txt[]
148 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
150 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
152 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
157 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
158 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
159 origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
160 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
163 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
164 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
165 and if there is not any such variable, the value on the `URL:` line
166 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` is used.
168 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
169 optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
170 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
171 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
172 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
173 is consulted and its `Pull:` lines are used.
174 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
175 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
178 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
181 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
182 what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
183 must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
184 branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
185 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
187 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
188 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
191 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
192 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
194 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
195 uses the refspec from the configuration or
196 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
199 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
200 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
201 remote site that is merged.
203 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
205 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
211 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
212 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
215 ------------------------------------------------
218 ------------------------------------------------
220 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
221 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
222 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
224 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
226 ------------------------------------------------
227 $ git pull origin next
228 ------------------------------------------------
230 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
231 does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
232 branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
234 ------------------------------------------------
236 $ git merge origin/next
237 ------------------------------------------------
240 If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
241 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
244 include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
248 Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
249 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
250 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
251 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
252 having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
257 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
261 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite