* Work on firming up the plugin interface:

[ikiwiki] / doc / plugins / write.mdwn

ikiwiki [[plugins]] are written in perl. Each plugin is a perl module, in
the `IkiWiki::Plugin` namespace. The name of the plugin is typically in
lowercase, such as `IkiWiki::Plugin::inline`. Ikiwiki includes a
`IkiWiki::Plugin::skeleton` that can be fleshed out to make a useful
plugin. `IkiWiki::Plugin::pagecount` is another simple example.

[[toc levels=2]]

## Considerations

One thing to keep in mind when writing a plugin is that ikiwiki is a wiki
*compiler*. So plugins influence pages when they are built, not when they
are loaded. A plugin that inserts the current time into a page, for
example, will insert the build time. Also, as a compiler, ikiwiki avoids
rebuilding pages unless they have changed, so a plugin that prints some
random or changing thing on a page will generate a static page that won't
change until ikiwiki rebuilds the page for some other reason, like the page
being edited.

## Registering plugins

All plugins should `use IkiWiki` to import the ikiwiki plugin interface.

Plugins should, when imported, call `hook()` to hook into ikiwiki's
processing. The function uses named parameters, and use varies depending on
the type of hook being registered -- see below. Note that a plugin can call
the function more than once to register multiple hooks. All calls to
`hook()` should be passed a "type" parameter, which gives the type of
hook, a "id" paramter, which should be a unique string for this plugin, and
a "call" parameter, which is a reference to a function to call for the
hook.

## Types of hooks

In roughly the order they are called.

### getopt

        hook(type => "getopt", id => "foo", call => \&getopt);

This allows for plugins to perform their own processing of command-line
options and so add options to the ikiwiki command line. It's called during
command line processing, with @ARGV full of any options that ikiwiki was
not able to process on its own. The function should process any options it
can, removing them from @ARGV, and probably recording the configuration
settings in %config. It should take care not to abort if it sees
an option it cannot process, and should just skip over those options and
leave them in @ARGV.

### checkconfig

        hook(type => "checkconfig", id => "foo", call => \&checkconfig);

This is useful if the plugin needs to check for or modify ikiwiki's
configuration. It's called early in the startup process. The
function is passed no values. It's ok for the function to call
`error()` if something isn't configured right.

### filter

        hook(type => "filter", id => "foo", call => \&filter);

Runs on the raw source of a page, before anything else touches it, and can
make arbitrary changes. The function is passed named parameters `page` and
`content` and should return the filtered content.

### preprocess

Adding a [[PreProcessorDirective]] is probably the most common use of a
plugin.

        hook(type => "preprocess", id => "foo", call => \&preprocess);

Replace "foo" with the command name that will be used inside brackets for
the preprocessor directive.

Each time the directive is processed, the referenced function (`preprocess`
in the example above) is called, and is passed named parameters. A "page"
parameter gives the name of the page that embedded the preprocessor
directive, while a "destpage" parameter gices the name of the page the
content is going to (different for inlined pages). All parameters included
in the directive are included as named parameters as well. Whatever the
function returns goes onto the page in place of the directive.

Note that if the [[htmlscrubber]] is enabled, html in
[[PreProcessorDirective]] output is sanitised, which may limit what your
plugin can do. Also, the rest of the page content is not in html format at
preprocessor time. Text output by a preprocessor directive will be
linkified and passed through markdown (or whatever engine is used to htmlize
the page) along with the rest of the page.

### htmlize

        hook(type => "htmlize", id => "ext", call => \&htmlize);

Runs on the raw source of a page and turns it into html. The id parameter
specifies the filename extension that a file must have to be htmlized using
this plugin. This is how you can add support for new and exciting markup
languages to ikiwiki.

The function is passed named parameters: "page" and "content" and should
return the htmlized content.

### pagetemplate

        hook(type => "pagetemplate", id => "foo", call => \&pagetemplate);

Each time a page (or part of a blog page, or an rss feed) is rendered, a
[[template|templates]] is filled out. This hook allows modifying that
template. The function is passed named parameters. The "page" and
"destpage" parameters are the same as for a preprocess hook. The "template"
parameter is a `HTML::Template` object that is the template that will be
used to generate the page. The function can manipulate that template
object.

The most common thing to do is probably to call $template->param() to add
a new custom parameter to the template.

### sanitize

        hook(type => "sanitize", id => "foo", call => \&sanitize);

Use this to implement html sanitization or anything else that needs to
modify the body of a page after it has been fully converted to html.

The function is passed named parameters: "page" and "content", and 
should return the sanitized content.

### format

        hook(type => "format", id => "foo", call => \&format);

The difference between format and sanitize is that sanitize only acts on
the page body, while format can modify the entire html page including the
header and footer inserted by ikiwiki, the html document type, etc.

The function is passed named parameters: "page" and "content", and 
should return the formatted content.

### delete

        hook(type => "delete", id => "foo", call => \&delete);

Each time a page or pages is removed from the wiki, the referenced function
is called, and passed the names of the source files that were removed.

### change

        hook(type => "change", id => "foo", call => \&render);

Each time ikiwiki renders a change or addition (but not deletion) to the
wiki, the referenced function is called, and passed the names of the
source files that were rendered.

### cgi

        hook(type => "cgi", id => "foo", call => \&cgi);

Use this to hook into ikiwiki's cgi script. Each registered cgi hook is
called in turn, and passed a CGI object. The hook should examine the
parameters, and if it will handle this CGI request, output a page and
terminate the program.

### savestate

        hook(type => "savestate", id => "foo", call => \&savestate);

This hook is called wheneven ikiwiki normally saves its state, just before
the state is saved. The function can save other state, modify values before
they're saved, etc.

## Plugin interface

To import the ikiwiki plugin interface:

        use IkiWiki;

This will import several variables and functions into your plugin's
namespace. These variables and functions are the ones most plugins need,
and a special effort will be made to avoid changing them in incompatible
ways, and to document any changes that have to be made in the future.

Note that IkiWiki also provides other variables functions that are not
exported by default. No guarantee is made about these in the future, so if
it's not exported, the wise choice is to not use it.

### %config

A plugin can access the wiki's configuration via the `%config`
hash. The best way to understand the contents of the hash is to look at
[[ikiwiki.setup]], which sets the hash content to configure the wiki.

### Other variables

If your plugin needs to access data about other pages in the wiki. It can
use the following hashes, using a page name as the key:

* `%links` lists the names of each page that a page links to, in an array
  reference.
* `%renderedfiles` contains the name of the file rendered by a page.
* `%pagesources` contains the name of the source file for a page.

### Library functions

#### `hook(@)`

Hook into ikiwiki's processing. See the discussion of hooks above.

#### `debug($)`

Logs a debugging message. These are supressed unless verbose mode is turned
on.

#### `error($)`

Aborts with an error message.

Note that while any plugin can use this for a fatal error, plugins should
try to avoid dying on bad input, as that will halt the entire wiki build
and make the wiki unusable. So for example, if a [[PreProcessorDirective]]
is passed bad parameters, it's better to return an error message, which can
appear on the wiki page, rather than calling error().

#### `template($;@)`

Creates and returns a HTML::Template object. The first parameter is the
name of the file in the template directory. The optional remaining
parameters are passed to HTML::Template->new.

#### `htmlpage($)`

Passed a page name, returns the base name that will be used for a the html
page created from it. (Ie, it appends ".html".)

#### `add_depends($$)`

Makes the specified page depend on the specified [[PageSpec]].

#### `pagespec_match($$)`

Passed a page name, and a [[PageSpec]], returns true if the [[PageSpec]]
matches the page.

#### `bestlink($$)`

Given a page and the text of a link on the page, determine which
existing page that link best points to. Prefers pages under a
subdirectory with the same name as the source page, failing that
goes down the directory tree to the base looking for matching
pages, as described in [[SubPage/LinkingRules]].

#### `htmllink($$$;$$$)`

Many plugins need to generate html links and add them to a page. This is
done by using the `htmllink` function. The usual way to call
`htmlllink` is:

        htmllink($page, $page, $link)

Why is `$page` repeated? Because if a page is inlined inside another, and a
link is placed on it, the right way to make that link is actually:

        htmllink($page, $destpage, $link)

Here `$destpage` is the inlining page. A `destpage` parameter is passed to
some of the hook functions above; the ones that are not passed it are not used
during inlining and don't need to worry about this issue.

The remaining three optional parameters to `htmllink` are:

1. noimageinline - set to true to avoid turning links into inline html images
1. forcesubpage  - set to force a link to a subpage
1. linktext - set to force the link text to something

#### `readfile($;$)`

Given a filename, reads and returns the entire file.

The optional second parameter, if set to a true value, makes the file be read
in binary mode.

A failure to read the file will result in it dying with an error.

#### `writefile($$$;$)`

Given a filename, a directory to put it in, and the file's content,
writes a file. 

The optional second parameter, if set to a true value, makes the file be
written in binary mode.

A failure to write the file will result in it dying with an error.

If the destination directory doesn't exist, it will first be created.

#### `pagetype($)`

Given the name of a source file, returns the type of page it is, if it's
a type that ikiwiki knowns how to htmlize. Otherwise, returns undef.

#### `pagename($)`

Given the name of a source file, returns the name of the wiki page
that corresponds to that file.

#### `srcfile($)`

Given the name of a source file in the wiki, searches for the file in
the source directory and the underlay directory, and returns the full
path to the first file found.

#### `displaytime($)`

Given a time, formats it for display.

## RCS plugins

ikiwiki's support for revision control systems also uses pluggable perl
modules. These are in the `IkiWiki::RCS` namespace, for example
`IkiWiki::RCS::svn`. 

Each RCS plugin must support all the IkiWiki::rcs\_* functions.
See IkiWiki::RCS::Stub for the full list of functions. It's ok if
rcs\_getctime does nothing except for throwing an error.

See [[about_RCS_backends]] for some more info.