2 * Copyright 2002-2005, Instant802 Networks, Inc.
3 * Copyright 2005, Devicescape Software, Inc.
4 * Copyright 2007, Mattias Nissler <mattias.nissler@gmx.de>
5 * Copyright 2007-2008, Stefano Brivio <stefano.brivio@polimi.it>
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
15 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
16 #include <net/mac80211.h>
19 #include "rc80211_pid.h"
22 /* This is an implementation of a TX rate control algorithm that uses a PID
23 * controller. Given a target failed frames rate, the controller decides about
24 * TX rate changes to meet the target failed frames rate.
26 * The controller basically computes the following:
28 * adj = CP * err + CI * err_avg + CD * (err - last_err) * (1 + sharpening)
31 * adj adjustment value that is used to switch TX rate (see below)
32 * err current error: target vs. current failed frames percentage
34 * err_avg average (i.e. poor man's integral) of recent errors
35 * sharpening non-zero when fast response is needed (i.e. right after
36 * association or no frames sent for a long time), heading
38 * CP Proportional coefficient
39 * CI Integral coefficient
40 * CD Derivative coefficient
42 * CP, CI, CD are subject to careful tuning.
44 * The integral component uses a exponential moving average approach instead of
45 * an actual sliding window. The advantage is that we don't need to keep an
46 * array of the last N error values and computation is easier.
48 * Once we have the adj value, we map it to a rate by means of a learning
49 * algorithm. This algorithm keeps the state of the percentual failed frames
50 * difference between rates. The behaviour of the lowest available rate is kept
51 * as a reference value, and every time we switch between two rates, we compute
52 * the difference between the failed frames each rate exhibited. By doing so,
53 * we compare behaviours which different rates exhibited in adjacent timeslices,
54 * thus the comparison is minimally affected by external conditions. This
55 * difference gets propagated to the whole set of measurements, so that the
56 * reference is always the same. Periodically, we normalize this set so that
57 * recent events weigh the most. By comparing the adj value with this set, we
58 * avoid pejorative switches to lower rates and allow for switches to higher
59 * rates if they behaved well.
61 * Note that for the computations we use a fixed-point representation to avoid
62 * floating point arithmetic. Hence, all values are shifted left by
67 /* Adjust the rate while ensuring that we won't switch to a lower rate if it
68 * exhibited a worse failed frames behaviour and we'll choose the highest rate
69 * whose failed frames behaviour is not worse than the one of the original rate
70 * target. While at it, check that the new rate is valid. */
71 static void rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband,
72 struct ieee80211_sta *sta,
73 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo, int adj,
74 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo)
76 int cur_sorted, new_sorted, probe, tmp, n_bitrates, band;
77 int cur = spinfo->txrate_idx;
80 n_bitrates = sband->n_bitrates;
82 /* Map passed arguments to sorted values. */
83 cur_sorted = rinfo[cur].rev_index;
84 new_sorted = cur_sorted + adj;
88 new_sorted = rinfo[0].rev_index;
89 else if (new_sorted >= n_bitrates)
90 new_sorted = rinfo[n_bitrates - 1].rev_index;
95 /* Ensure that the rate decrease isn't disadvantageous. */
96 for (probe = cur_sorted; probe >= new_sorted; probe--)
97 if (rinfo[probe].diff <= rinfo[cur_sorted].diff &&
98 rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[probe].index))
101 /* Look for rate increase with zero (or below) cost. */
102 for (probe = new_sorted + 1; probe < n_bitrates; probe++)
103 if (rinfo[probe].diff <= rinfo[new_sorted].diff &&
104 rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[probe].index))
108 /* Fit the rate found to the nearest supported rate. */
110 if (rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[tmp].index)) {
111 spinfo->txrate_idx = rinfo[tmp].index;
118 } while (tmp < n_bitrates && tmp >= 0);
120 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
121 rate_control_pid_event_rate_change(&spinfo->events,
123 sband->bitrates[spinfo->txrate_idx].bitrate);
127 /* Normalize the failed frames per-rate differences. */
128 static void rate_control_pid_normalize(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo, int l)
130 int i, norm_offset = pinfo->norm_offset;
131 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *r = pinfo->rinfo;
133 if (r[0].diff > norm_offset)
134 r[0].diff -= norm_offset;
135 else if (r[0].diff < -norm_offset)
136 r[0].diff += norm_offset;
137 for (i = 0; i < l - 1; i++)
138 if (r[i + 1].diff > r[i].diff + norm_offset)
139 r[i + 1].diff -= norm_offset;
140 else if (r[i + 1].diff <= r[i].diff)
141 r[i + 1].diff += norm_offset;
144 static void rate_control_pid_sample(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo,
145 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband,
146 struct ieee80211_sta *sta,
147 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo)
149 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo = pinfo->rinfo;
156 unsigned long period;
158 /* In case nothing happened during the previous control interval, turn
159 * the sharpening factor on. */
160 period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
163 if (jiffies - spinfo->last_sample > 2 * period)
164 spinfo->sharp_cnt = pinfo->sharpen_duration;
166 spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
168 /* This should never happen, but in case, we assume the old sample is
169 * still a good measurement and copy it. */
170 if (unlikely(spinfo->tx_num_xmit == 0))
171 pf = spinfo->last_pf;
173 /* XXX: BAD HACK!!! */
174 struct sta_info *si = container_of(sta, struct sta_info, sta);
176 pf = spinfo->tx_num_failed * 100 / spinfo->tx_num_xmit;
178 if (ieee80211_vif_is_mesh(&si->sdata->vif) && pf == 100)
179 mesh_plink_broken(si);
180 pf <<= RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
181 si->fail_avg = ((pf + (spinfo->last_pf << 3)) / 9)
182 >> RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
185 spinfo->tx_num_xmit = 0;
186 spinfo->tx_num_failed = 0;
188 /* If we just switched rate, update the rate behaviour info. */
189 if (pinfo->oldrate != spinfo->txrate_idx) {
191 i = rinfo[pinfo->oldrate].rev_index;
192 j = rinfo[spinfo->txrate_idx].rev_index;
194 tmp = (pf - spinfo->last_pf);
195 tmp = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(tmp, RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
197 rinfo[j].diff = rinfo[i].diff + tmp;
198 pinfo->oldrate = spinfo->txrate_idx;
200 rate_control_pid_normalize(pinfo, sband->n_bitrates);
202 /* Compute the proportional, integral and derivative errors. */
203 err_prop = (pinfo->target << RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT) - pf;
205 err_avg = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
206 spinfo->err_avg_sc = spinfo->err_avg_sc - err_avg + err_prop;
207 err_int = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
209 err_der = (pf - spinfo->last_pf) *
210 (1 + pinfo->sharpen_factor * spinfo->sharp_cnt);
211 spinfo->last_pf = pf;
212 if (spinfo->sharp_cnt)
215 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
216 rate_control_pid_event_pf_sample(&spinfo->events, pf, err_prop, err_int,
220 /* Compute the controller output. */
221 adj = (err_prop * pinfo->coeff_p + err_int * pinfo->coeff_i
222 + err_der * pinfo->coeff_d);
223 adj = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(adj, 2 * RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
227 rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(sband, sta, spinfo, adj, rinfo);
230 static void rate_control_pid_tx_status(void *priv, struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband,
231 struct ieee80211_sta *sta, void *priv_sta,
234 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
235 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = priv_sta;
236 unsigned long period;
237 struct ieee80211_tx_info *info = IEEE80211_SKB_CB(skb);
242 /* Ignore all frames that were sent with a different rate than the rate
243 * we currently advise mac80211 to use. */
244 if (info->status.rates[0].idx != spinfo->txrate_idx)
247 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
249 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
250 rate_control_pid_event_tx_status(&spinfo->events, info);
253 /* We count frames that totally failed to be transmitted as two bad
254 * frames, those that made it out but had some retries as one good and
256 if (!(info->flags & IEEE80211_TX_STAT_ACK)) {
257 spinfo->tx_num_failed += 2;
258 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
259 } else if (info->status.rates[0].count > 1) {
260 spinfo->tx_num_failed++;
261 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
264 /* Update PID controller state. */
265 period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
268 if (time_after(jiffies, spinfo->last_sample + period))
269 rate_control_pid_sample(pinfo, sband, sta, spinfo);
273 rate_control_pid_get_rate(void *priv, struct ieee80211_sta *sta,
275 struct ieee80211_tx_rate_control *txrc)
277 struct sk_buff *skb = txrc->skb;
278 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband = txrc->sband;
279 struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
280 struct ieee80211_tx_info *info = IEEE80211_SKB_CB(skb);
281 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = priv_sta;
286 info->control.rates[0].count =
287 txrc->hw->conf.long_frame_max_tx_count;
289 info->control.rates[0].count =
290 txrc->hw->conf.short_frame_max_tx_count;
292 /* Send management frames and broadcast/multicast data using lowest
294 fc = le16_to_cpu(hdr->frame_control);
295 if (!sta || !spinfo ||
296 (fc & IEEE80211_FCTL_FTYPE) != IEEE80211_FTYPE_DATA ||
297 is_multicast_ether_addr(hdr->addr1)) {
298 info->control.rates[0].idx = rate_lowest_index(sband, sta);
302 rateidx = spinfo->txrate_idx;
304 if (rateidx >= sband->n_bitrates)
305 rateidx = sband->n_bitrates - 1;
307 info->control.rates[0].idx = rateidx;
309 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
310 rate_control_pid_event_tx_rate(&spinfo->events,
311 rateidx, sband->bitrates[rateidx].bitrate);
316 rate_control_pid_rate_init(void *priv, struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband,
317 struct ieee80211_sta *sta, void *priv_sta)
319 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = priv_sta;
320 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
321 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo = pinfo->rinfo;
326 /* TODO: This routine should consider using RSSI from previous packets
327 * as we need to have IEEE 802.1X auth succeed immediately after assoc..
328 * Until that method is implemented, we will use the lowest supported
329 * rate as a workaround. */
331 /* Sort the rates. This is optimized for the most common case (i.e.
332 * almost-sorted CCK+OFDM rates). Kind of bubble-sort with reversed
334 for (i = 0; i < sband->n_bitrates; i++) {
336 rinfo[i].rev_index = i;
337 if (RC_PID_FAST_START)
340 rinfo[i].diff = i * pinfo->norm_offset;
342 for (i = 1; i < sband->n_bitrates; i++) {
344 for (j = 0; j < sband->n_bitrates - i; j++)
345 if (unlikely(sband->bitrates[rinfo[j].index].bitrate >
346 sband->bitrates[rinfo[j + 1].index].bitrate)) {
347 tmp = rinfo[j].index;
348 rinfo[j].index = rinfo[j + 1].index;
349 rinfo[j + 1].index = tmp;
350 rinfo[rinfo[j].index].rev_index = j;
351 rinfo[rinfo[j + 1].index].rev_index = j + 1;
358 spinfo->txrate_idx = rate_lowest_index(sband, sta);
360 si = container_of(sta, struct sta_info, sta);
364 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc(struct ieee80211_hw *hw,
365 struct dentry *debugfsdir)
367 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo;
368 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo;
369 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
370 int i, max_rates = 0;
371 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
372 struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de;
375 pinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*pinfo), GFP_ATOMIC);
379 for (i = 0; i < IEEE80211_NUM_BANDS; i++) {
380 sband = hw->wiphy->bands[i];
381 if (sband->n_bitrates > max_rates)
382 max_rates = sband->n_bitrates;
385 rinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*rinfo) * max_rates, GFP_ATOMIC);
391 pinfo->target = RC_PID_TARGET_PF;
392 pinfo->sampling_period = RC_PID_INTERVAL;
393 pinfo->coeff_p = RC_PID_COEFF_P;
394 pinfo->coeff_i = RC_PID_COEFF_I;
395 pinfo->coeff_d = RC_PID_COEFF_D;
396 pinfo->smoothing_shift = RC_PID_SMOOTHING_SHIFT;
397 pinfo->sharpen_factor = RC_PID_SHARPENING_FACTOR;
398 pinfo->sharpen_duration = RC_PID_SHARPENING_DURATION;
399 pinfo->norm_offset = RC_PID_NORM_OFFSET;
400 pinfo->rinfo = rinfo;
403 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
404 de = &pinfo->dentries;
405 de->target = debugfs_create_u32("target_pf", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
406 debugfsdir, &pinfo->target);
407 de->sampling_period = debugfs_create_u32("sampling_period",
408 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, debugfsdir,
409 &pinfo->sampling_period);
410 de->coeff_p = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_p", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
411 debugfsdir, (u32 *)&pinfo->coeff_p);
412 de->coeff_i = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_i", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
413 debugfsdir, (u32 *)&pinfo->coeff_i);
414 de->coeff_d = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_d", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
415 debugfsdir, (u32 *)&pinfo->coeff_d);
416 de->smoothing_shift = debugfs_create_u32("smoothing_shift",
417 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, debugfsdir,
418 &pinfo->smoothing_shift);
419 de->sharpen_factor = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_factor",
420 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, debugfsdir,
421 &pinfo->sharpen_factor);
422 de->sharpen_duration = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_duration",
423 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, debugfsdir,
424 &pinfo->sharpen_duration);
425 de->norm_offset = debugfs_create_u32("norm_offset",
426 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, debugfsdir,
427 &pinfo->norm_offset);
433 static void rate_control_pid_free(void *priv)
435 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
436 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
437 struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de = &pinfo->dentries;
439 debugfs_remove(de->norm_offset);
440 debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_duration);
441 debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_factor);
442 debugfs_remove(de->smoothing_shift);
443 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_d);
444 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_i);
445 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_p);
446 debugfs_remove(de->sampling_period);
447 debugfs_remove(de->target);
454 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc_sta(void *priv, struct ieee80211_sta *sta,
457 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
459 spinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*spinfo), gfp);
463 spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
465 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
466 spin_lock_init(&spinfo->events.lock);
467 init_waitqueue_head(&spinfo->events.waitqueue);
473 static void rate_control_pid_free_sta(void *priv, struct ieee80211_sta *sta,
479 static struct rate_control_ops mac80211_rcpid = {
481 .tx_status = rate_control_pid_tx_status,
482 .get_rate = rate_control_pid_get_rate,
483 .rate_init = rate_control_pid_rate_init,
484 .alloc = rate_control_pid_alloc,
485 .free = rate_control_pid_free,
486 .alloc_sta = rate_control_pid_alloc_sta,
487 .free_sta = rate_control_pid_free_sta,
488 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
489 .add_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_add_sta_debugfs,
490 .remove_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_remove_sta_debugfs,
494 int __init rc80211_pid_init(void)
496 return ieee80211_rate_control_register(&mac80211_rcpid);
499 void rc80211_pid_exit(void)
501 ieee80211_rate_control_unregister(&mac80211_rcpid);