3 * Written by Mark Hemment, 1996/97.
4 * (markhe@nextd.demon.co.uk)
6 * kmem_cache_destroy() + some cleanup - 1999 Andrea Arcangeli
8 * Major cleanup, different bufctl logic, per-cpu arrays
9 * (c) 2000 Manfred Spraul
11 * Cleanup, make the head arrays unconditional, preparation for NUMA
12 * (c) 2002 Manfred Spraul
14 * An implementation of the Slab Allocator as described in outline in;
15 * UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers by Uresh Vahalia
16 * Pub: Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-101908-2
17 * or with a little more detail in;
18 * The Slab Allocator: An Object-Caching Kernel Memory Allocator
19 * Jeff Bonwick (Sun Microsystems).
20 * Presented at: USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference
22 * The memory is organized in caches, one cache for each object type.
23 * (e.g. inode_cache, dentry_cache, buffer_head, vm_area_struct)
24 * Each cache consists out of many slabs (they are small (usually one
25 * page long) and always contiguous), and each slab contains multiple
26 * initialized objects.
28 * This means, that your constructor is used only for newly allocated
29 * slabs and you must pass objects with the same intializations to
32 * Each cache can only support one memory type (GFP_DMA, GFP_HIGHMEM,
33 * normal). If you need a special memory type, then must create a new
34 * cache for that memory type.
36 * In order to reduce fragmentation, the slabs are sorted in 3 groups:
37 * full slabs with 0 free objects
39 * empty slabs with no allocated objects
41 * If partial slabs exist, then new allocations come from these slabs,
42 * otherwise from empty slabs or new slabs are allocated.
44 * kmem_cache_destroy() CAN CRASH if you try to allocate from the cache
45 * during kmem_cache_destroy(). The caller must prevent concurrent allocs.
47 * Each cache has a short per-cpu head array, most allocs
48 * and frees go into that array, and if that array overflows, then 1/2
49 * of the entries in the array are given back into the global cache.
50 * The head array is strictly LIFO and should improve the cache hit rates.
51 * On SMP, it additionally reduces the spinlock operations.
53 * The c_cpuarray may not be read with enabled local interrupts -
54 * it's changed with a smp_call_function().
56 * SMP synchronization:
57 * constructors and destructors are called without any locking.
58 * Several members in struct kmem_cache and struct slab never change, they
59 * are accessed without any locking.
60 * The per-cpu arrays are never accessed from the wrong cpu, no locking,
61 * and local interrupts are disabled so slab code is preempt-safe.
62 * The non-constant members are protected with a per-cache irq spinlock.
64 * Many thanks to Mark Hemment, who wrote another per-cpu slab patch
65 * in 2000 - many ideas in the current implementation are derived from
68 * Further notes from the original documentation:
70 * 11 April '97. Started multi-threading - markhe
71 * The global cache-chain is protected by the mutex 'cache_chain_mutex'.
72 * The sem is only needed when accessing/extending the cache-chain, which
73 * can never happen inside an interrupt (kmem_cache_create(),
74 * kmem_cache_shrink() and kmem_cache_reap()).
76 * At present, each engine can be growing a cache. This should be blocked.
78 * 15 March 2005. NUMA slab allocator.
79 * Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>.
80 * Shobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com>
81 * Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
82 * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
84 * Modified the slab allocator to be node aware on NUMA systems.
85 * Each node has its own list of partial, free and full slabs.
86 * All object allocations for a node occur from node specific slab lists.
89 #include <linux/config.h>
90 #include <linux/slab.h>
92 #include <linux/swap.h>
93 #include <linux/cache.h>
94 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
95 #include <linux/init.h>
96 #include <linux/compiler.h>
97 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
98 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
99 #include <linux/notifier.h>
100 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
101 #include <linux/cpu.h>
102 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
103 #include <linux/module.h>
104 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
105 #include <linux/string.h>
106 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
107 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
108 #include <linux/mutex.h>
110 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
111 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
112 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
113 #include <asm/page.h>
116 * DEBUG - 1 for kmem_cache_create() to honour; SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL,
117 * SLAB_RED_ZONE & SLAB_POISON.
118 * 0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
120 * STATS - 1 to collect stats for /proc/slabinfo.
121 * 0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
123 * FORCED_DEBUG - 1 enables SLAB_RED_ZONE and SLAB_POISON (if possible)
126 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB
129 #define FORCED_DEBUG 1
133 #define FORCED_DEBUG 0
136 /* Shouldn't this be in a header file somewhere? */
137 #define BYTES_PER_WORD sizeof(void *)
139 #ifndef cache_line_size
140 #define cache_line_size() L1_CACHE_BYTES
143 #ifndef ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN
145 * Enforce a minimum alignment for the kmalloc caches.
146 * Usually, the kmalloc caches are cache_line_size() aligned, except when
147 * DEBUG and FORCED_DEBUG are enabled, then they are BYTES_PER_WORD aligned.
148 * Some archs want to perform DMA into kmalloc caches and need a guaranteed
149 * alignment larger than BYTES_PER_WORD. ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN allows that.
150 * Note that this flag disables some debug features.
152 #define ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN 0
155 #ifndef ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
157 * Enforce a minimum alignment for all caches.
158 * Intended for archs that get misalignment faults even for BYTES_PER_WORD
159 * aligned buffers. Includes ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN.
160 * If possible: Do not enable this flag for CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB, it disables
161 * some debug features.
163 #define ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN 0
166 #ifndef ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS
167 #define ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN
170 /* Legal flag mask for kmem_cache_create(). */
172 # define CREATE_MASK (SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL | SLAB_RED_ZONE | \
173 SLAB_POISON | SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | \
175 SLAB_MUST_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_STORE_USER | \
176 SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_PANIC | \
177 SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU | SLAB_MEM_SPREAD)
179 # define CREATE_MASK (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | \
180 SLAB_CACHE_DMA | SLAB_MUST_HWCACHE_ALIGN | \
181 SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_PANIC | \
182 SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU | SLAB_MEM_SPREAD)
188 * Bufctl's are used for linking objs within a slab
191 * This implementation relies on "struct page" for locating the cache &
192 * slab an object belongs to.
193 * This allows the bufctl structure to be small (one int), but limits
194 * the number of objects a slab (not a cache) can contain when off-slab
195 * bufctls are used. The limit is the size of the largest general cache
196 * that does not use off-slab slabs.
197 * For 32bit archs with 4 kB pages, is this 56.
198 * This is not serious, as it is only for large objects, when it is unwise
199 * to have too many per slab.
200 * Note: This limit can be raised by introducing a general cache whose size
201 * is less than 512 (PAGE_SIZE<<3), but greater than 256.
204 typedef unsigned int kmem_bufctl_t;
205 #define BUFCTL_END (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-0)
206 #define BUFCTL_FREE (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-1)
207 #define BUFCTL_ACTIVE (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-2)
208 #define SLAB_LIMIT (((kmem_bufctl_t)(~0U))-3)
213 * Manages the objs in a slab. Placed either at the beginning of mem allocated
214 * for a slab, or allocated from an general cache.
215 * Slabs are chained into three list: fully used, partial, fully free slabs.
218 struct list_head list;
219 unsigned long colouroff;
220 void *s_mem; /* including colour offset */
221 unsigned int inuse; /* num of objs active in slab */
223 unsigned short nodeid;
229 * slab_destroy on a SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU cache uses this structure to
230 * arrange for kmem_freepages to be called via RCU. This is useful if
231 * we need to approach a kernel structure obliquely, from its address
232 * obtained without the usual locking. We can lock the structure to
233 * stabilize it and check it's still at the given address, only if we
234 * can be sure that the memory has not been meanwhile reused for some
235 * other kind of object (which our subsystem's lock might corrupt).
237 * rcu_read_lock before reading the address, then rcu_read_unlock after
238 * taking the spinlock within the structure expected at that address.
240 * We assume struct slab_rcu can overlay struct slab when destroying.
243 struct rcu_head head;
244 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
252 * - LIFO ordering, to hand out cache-warm objects from _alloc
253 * - reduce the number of linked list operations
254 * - reduce spinlock operations
256 * The limit is stored in the per-cpu structure to reduce the data cache
263 unsigned int batchcount;
264 unsigned int touched;
267 * Must have this definition in here for the proper
268 * alignment of array_cache. Also simplifies accessing
270 * [0] is for gcc 2.95. It should really be [].
275 * bootstrap: The caches do not work without cpuarrays anymore, but the
276 * cpuarrays are allocated from the generic caches...
278 #define BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES 1
279 struct arraycache_init {
280 struct array_cache cache;
281 void *entries[BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES];
285 * The slab lists for all objects.
288 struct list_head slabs_partial; /* partial list first, better asm code */
289 struct list_head slabs_full;
290 struct list_head slabs_free;
291 unsigned long free_objects;
292 unsigned int free_limit;
293 unsigned int colour_next; /* Per-node cache coloring */
294 spinlock_t list_lock;
295 struct array_cache *shared; /* shared per node */
296 struct array_cache **alien; /* on other nodes */
297 unsigned long next_reap; /* updated without locking */
298 int free_touched; /* updated without locking */
302 * Need this for bootstrapping a per node allocator.
304 #define NUM_INIT_LISTS (2 * MAX_NUMNODES + 1)
305 struct kmem_list3 __initdata initkmem_list3[NUM_INIT_LISTS];
306 #define CACHE_CACHE 0
308 #define SIZE_L3 (1 + MAX_NUMNODES)
311 * This function must be completely optimized away if a constant is passed to
312 * it. Mostly the same as what is in linux/slab.h except it returns an index.
314 static __always_inline int index_of(const size_t size)
316 extern void __bad_size(void);
318 if (__builtin_constant_p(size)) {
326 #include "linux/kmalloc_sizes.h"
334 static int slab_early_init = 1;
336 #define INDEX_AC index_of(sizeof(struct arraycache_init))
337 #define INDEX_L3 index_of(sizeof(struct kmem_list3))
339 static void kmem_list3_init(struct kmem_list3 *parent)
341 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_full);
342 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_partial);
343 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_free);
344 parent->shared = NULL;
345 parent->alien = NULL;
346 parent->colour_next = 0;
347 spin_lock_init(&parent->list_lock);
348 parent->free_objects = 0;
349 parent->free_touched = 0;
352 #define MAKE_LIST(cachep, listp, slab, nodeid) \
354 INIT_LIST_HEAD(listp); \
355 list_splice(&(cachep->nodelists[nodeid]->slab), listp); \
358 #define MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid) \
360 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_full), slabs_full, nodeid); \
361 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_partial), slabs_partial, nodeid); \
362 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_free), slabs_free, nodeid); \
372 /* 1) per-cpu data, touched during every alloc/free */
373 struct array_cache *array[NR_CPUS];
374 /* 2) Cache tunables. Protected by cache_chain_mutex */
375 unsigned int batchcount;
379 unsigned int buffer_size;
380 /* 3) touched by every alloc & free from the backend */
381 struct kmem_list3 *nodelists[MAX_NUMNODES];
383 unsigned int flags; /* constant flags */
384 unsigned int num; /* # of objs per slab */
386 /* 4) cache_grow/shrink */
387 /* order of pgs per slab (2^n) */
388 unsigned int gfporder;
390 /* force GFP flags, e.g. GFP_DMA */
393 size_t colour; /* cache colouring range */
394 unsigned int colour_off; /* colour offset */
395 struct kmem_cache *slabp_cache;
396 unsigned int slab_size;
397 unsigned int dflags; /* dynamic flags */
399 /* constructor func */
400 void (*ctor) (void *, struct kmem_cache *, unsigned long);
402 /* de-constructor func */
403 void (*dtor) (void *, struct kmem_cache *, unsigned long);
405 /* 5) cache creation/removal */
407 struct list_head next;
411 unsigned long num_active;
412 unsigned long num_allocations;
413 unsigned long high_mark;
415 unsigned long reaped;
416 unsigned long errors;
417 unsigned long max_freeable;
418 unsigned long node_allocs;
419 unsigned long node_frees;
420 unsigned long node_overflow;
428 * If debugging is enabled, then the allocator can add additional
429 * fields and/or padding to every object. buffer_size contains the total
430 * object size including these internal fields, the following two
431 * variables contain the offset to the user object and its size.
438 #define CFLGS_OFF_SLAB (0x80000000UL)
439 #define OFF_SLAB(x) ((x)->flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB)
441 #define BATCHREFILL_LIMIT 16
443 * Optimization question: fewer reaps means less probability for unnessary
444 * cpucache drain/refill cycles.
446 * OTOH the cpuarrays can contain lots of objects,
447 * which could lock up otherwise freeable slabs.
449 #define REAPTIMEOUT_CPUC (2*HZ)
450 #define REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 (4*HZ)
453 #define STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x) ((x)->num_active++)
454 #define STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x) ((x)->num_active--)
455 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x) ((x)->num_allocations++)
456 #define STATS_INC_GROWN(x) ((x)->grown++)
457 #define STATS_INC_REAPED(x) ((x)->reaped++)
458 #define STATS_SET_HIGH(x) \
460 if ((x)->num_active > (x)->high_mark) \
461 (x)->high_mark = (x)->num_active; \
463 #define STATS_INC_ERR(x) ((x)->errors++)
464 #define STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x) ((x)->node_allocs++)
465 #define STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x) ((x)->node_frees++)
466 #define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x) ((x)->node_overflow++)
467 #define STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) \
469 if ((x)->max_freeable < i) \
470 (x)->max_freeable = i; \
472 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->allochit)
473 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->allocmiss)
474 #define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->freehit)
475 #define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->freemiss)
477 #define STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x) do { } while (0)
478 #define STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x) do { } while (0)
479 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x) do { } while (0)
480 #define STATS_INC_GROWN(x) do { } while (0)
481 #define STATS_INC_REAPED(x) do { } while (0)
482 #define STATS_SET_HIGH(x) do { } while (0)
483 #define STATS_INC_ERR(x) do { } while (0)
484 #define STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x) do { } while (0)
485 #define STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x) do { } while (0)
486 #define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x) do { } while (0)
487 #define STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) do { } while (0)
488 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x) do { } while (0)
489 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x) do { } while (0)
490 #define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x) do { } while (0)
491 #define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x) do { } while (0)
496 * Magic nums for obj red zoning.
497 * Placed in the first word before and the first word after an obj.
499 #define RED_INACTIVE 0x5A2CF071UL /* when obj is inactive */
500 #define RED_ACTIVE 0x170FC2A5UL /* when obj is active */
502 /* ...and for poisoning */
503 #define POISON_INUSE 0x5a /* for use-uninitialised poisoning */
504 #define POISON_FREE 0x6b /* for use-after-free poisoning */
505 #define POISON_END 0xa5 /* end-byte of poisoning */
508 * memory layout of objects:
510 * 0 .. cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD - 1: padding. This ensures that
511 * the end of an object is aligned with the end of the real
512 * allocation. Catches writes behind the end of the allocation.
513 * cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD .. cachep->obj_offset - 1:
515 * cachep->obj_offset: The real object.
516 * cachep->buffer_size - 2* BYTES_PER_WORD: redzone word [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
517 * cachep->buffer_size - 1* BYTES_PER_WORD: last caller address
518 * [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
520 static int obj_offset(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
522 return cachep->obj_offset;
525 static int obj_size(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
527 return cachep->obj_size;
530 static unsigned long *dbg_redzone1(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
532 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
533 return (unsigned long*) (objp+obj_offset(cachep)-BYTES_PER_WORD);
536 static unsigned long *dbg_redzone2(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
538 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
539 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
540 return (unsigned long *)(objp + cachep->buffer_size -
542 return (unsigned long *)(objp + cachep->buffer_size - BYTES_PER_WORD);
545 static void **dbg_userword(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
547 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER));
548 return (void **)(objp + cachep->buffer_size - BYTES_PER_WORD);
553 #define obj_offset(x) 0
554 #define obj_size(cachep) (cachep->buffer_size)
555 #define dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (unsigned long *)NULL;})
556 #define dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (unsigned long *)NULL;})
557 #define dbg_userword(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (void **)NULL;})
562 * Maximum size of an obj (in 2^order pages) and absolute limit for the gfp
565 #if defined(CONFIG_LARGE_ALLOCS)
566 #define MAX_OBJ_ORDER 13 /* up to 32Mb */
567 #define MAX_GFP_ORDER 13 /* up to 32Mb */
568 #elif defined(CONFIG_MMU)
569 #define MAX_OBJ_ORDER 5 /* 32 pages */
570 #define MAX_GFP_ORDER 5 /* 32 pages */
572 #define MAX_OBJ_ORDER 8 /* up to 1Mb */
573 #define MAX_GFP_ORDER 8 /* up to 1Mb */
577 * Do not go above this order unless 0 objects fit into the slab.
579 #define BREAK_GFP_ORDER_HI 1
580 #define BREAK_GFP_ORDER_LO 0
581 static int slab_break_gfp_order = BREAK_GFP_ORDER_LO;
584 * Functions for storing/retrieving the cachep and or slab from the page
585 * allocator. These are used to find the slab an obj belongs to. With kfree(),
586 * these are used to find the cache which an obj belongs to.
588 static inline void page_set_cache(struct page *page, struct kmem_cache *cache)
590 page->lru.next = (struct list_head *)cache;
593 static inline struct kmem_cache *page_get_cache(struct page *page)
595 if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
596 page = (struct page *)page_private(page);
597 BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
598 return (struct kmem_cache *)page->lru.next;
601 static inline void page_set_slab(struct page *page, struct slab *slab)
603 page->lru.prev = (struct list_head *)slab;
606 static inline struct slab *page_get_slab(struct page *page)
608 if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
609 page = (struct page *)page_private(page);
610 BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
611 return (struct slab *)page->lru.prev;
614 static inline struct kmem_cache *virt_to_cache(const void *obj)
616 struct page *page = virt_to_page(obj);
617 return page_get_cache(page);
620 static inline struct slab *virt_to_slab(const void *obj)
622 struct page *page = virt_to_page(obj);
623 return page_get_slab(page);
626 static inline void *index_to_obj(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct slab *slab,
629 return slab->s_mem + cache->buffer_size * idx;
632 static inline unsigned int obj_to_index(struct kmem_cache *cache,
633 struct slab *slab, void *obj)
635 return (unsigned)(obj - slab->s_mem) / cache->buffer_size;
639 * These are the default caches for kmalloc. Custom caches can have other sizes.
641 struct cache_sizes malloc_sizes[] = {
642 #define CACHE(x) { .cs_size = (x) },
643 #include <linux/kmalloc_sizes.h>
647 EXPORT_SYMBOL(malloc_sizes);
649 /* Must match cache_sizes above. Out of line to keep cache footprint low. */
655 static struct cache_names __initdata cache_names[] = {
656 #define CACHE(x) { .name = "size-" #x, .name_dma = "size-" #x "(DMA)" },
657 #include <linux/kmalloc_sizes.h>
662 static struct arraycache_init initarray_cache __initdata =
663 { {0, BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES, 1, 0} };
664 static struct arraycache_init initarray_generic =
665 { {0, BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES, 1, 0} };
667 /* internal cache of cache description objs */
668 static struct kmem_cache cache_cache = {
670 .limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES,
672 .buffer_size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache),
673 .name = "kmem_cache",
675 .obj_size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache),
679 /* Guard access to the cache-chain. */
680 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cache_chain_mutex);
681 static struct list_head cache_chain;
684 * vm_enough_memory() looks at this to determine how many slab-allocated pages
685 * are possibly freeable under pressure
687 * SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT turns this on per-slab
689 atomic_t slab_reclaim_pages;
692 * chicken and egg problem: delay the per-cpu array allocation
693 * until the general caches are up.
703 * used by boot code to determine if it can use slab based allocator
705 int slab_is_available(void)
707 return g_cpucache_up == FULL;
710 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct work_struct, reap_work);
712 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int len,
714 static void enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep);
715 static void cache_reap(void *unused);
716 static int __node_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node);
718 static inline struct array_cache *cpu_cache_get(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
720 return cachep->array[smp_processor_id()];
723 static inline struct kmem_cache *__find_general_cachep(size_t size,
726 struct cache_sizes *csizep = malloc_sizes;
729 /* This happens if someone tries to call
730 * kmem_cache_create(), or __kmalloc(), before
731 * the generic caches are initialized.
733 BUG_ON(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep == NULL);
735 while (size > csizep->cs_size)
739 * Really subtle: The last entry with cs->cs_size==ULONG_MAX
740 * has cs_{dma,}cachep==NULL. Thus no special case
741 * for large kmalloc calls required.
743 if (unlikely(gfpflags & GFP_DMA))
744 return csizep->cs_dmacachep;
745 return csizep->cs_cachep;
748 struct kmem_cache *kmem_find_general_cachep(size_t size, gfp_t gfpflags)
750 return __find_general_cachep(size, gfpflags);
752 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_find_general_cachep);
754 static size_t slab_mgmt_size(size_t nr_objs, size_t align)
756 return ALIGN(sizeof(struct slab)+nr_objs*sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t), align);
760 * Calculate the number of objects and left-over bytes for a given buffer size.
762 static void cache_estimate(unsigned long gfporder, size_t buffer_size,
763 size_t align, int flags, size_t *left_over,
768 size_t slab_size = PAGE_SIZE << gfporder;
771 * The slab management structure can be either off the slab or
772 * on it. For the latter case, the memory allocated for a
776 * - One kmem_bufctl_t for each object
777 * - Padding to respect alignment of @align
778 * - @buffer_size bytes for each object
780 * If the slab management structure is off the slab, then the
781 * alignment will already be calculated into the size. Because
782 * the slabs are all pages aligned, the objects will be at the
783 * correct alignment when allocated.
785 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
787 nr_objs = slab_size / buffer_size;
789 if (nr_objs > SLAB_LIMIT)
790 nr_objs = SLAB_LIMIT;
793 * Ignore padding for the initial guess. The padding
794 * is at most @align-1 bytes, and @buffer_size is at
795 * least @align. In the worst case, this result will
796 * be one greater than the number of objects that fit
797 * into the memory allocation when taking the padding
800 nr_objs = (slab_size - sizeof(struct slab)) /
801 (buffer_size + sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t));
804 * This calculated number will be either the right
805 * amount, or one greater than what we want.
807 if (slab_mgmt_size(nr_objs, align) + nr_objs*buffer_size
811 if (nr_objs > SLAB_LIMIT)
812 nr_objs = SLAB_LIMIT;
814 mgmt_size = slab_mgmt_size(nr_objs, align);
817 *left_over = slab_size - nr_objs*buffer_size - mgmt_size;
820 #define slab_error(cachep, msg) __slab_error(__FUNCTION__, cachep, msg)
822 static void __slab_error(const char *function, struct kmem_cache *cachep,
825 printk(KERN_ERR "slab error in %s(): cache `%s': %s\n",
826 function, cachep->name, msg);
832 * Special reaping functions for NUMA systems called from cache_reap().
833 * These take care of doing round robin flushing of alien caches (containing
834 * objects freed on different nodes from which they were allocated) and the
835 * flushing of remote pcps by calling drain_node_pages.
837 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, reap_node);
839 static void init_reap_node(int cpu)
843 node = next_node(cpu_to_node(cpu), node_online_map);
844 if (node == MAX_NUMNODES)
845 node = first_node(node_online_map);
847 __get_cpu_var(reap_node) = node;
850 static void next_reap_node(void)
852 int node = __get_cpu_var(reap_node);
855 * Also drain per cpu pages on remote zones
857 if (node != numa_node_id())
858 drain_node_pages(node);
860 node = next_node(node, node_online_map);
861 if (unlikely(node >= MAX_NUMNODES))
862 node = first_node(node_online_map);
863 __get_cpu_var(reap_node) = node;
867 #define init_reap_node(cpu) do { } while (0)
868 #define next_reap_node(void) do { } while (0)
872 * Initiate the reap timer running on the target CPU. We run at around 1 to 2Hz
873 * via the workqueue/eventd.
874 * Add the CPU number into the expiration time to minimize the possibility of
875 * the CPUs getting into lockstep and contending for the global cache chain
878 static void __devinit start_cpu_timer(int cpu)
880 struct work_struct *reap_work = &per_cpu(reap_work, cpu);
883 * When this gets called from do_initcalls via cpucache_init(),
884 * init_workqueues() has already run, so keventd will be setup
887 if (keventd_up() && reap_work->func == NULL) {
889 INIT_WORK(reap_work, cache_reap, NULL);
890 schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, reap_work, HZ + 3 * cpu);
894 static struct array_cache *alloc_arraycache(int node, int entries,
897 int memsize = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct array_cache);
898 struct array_cache *nc = NULL;
900 nc = kmalloc_node(memsize, GFP_KERNEL, node);
904 nc->batchcount = batchcount;
906 spin_lock_init(&nc->lock);
912 * Transfer objects in one arraycache to another.
913 * Locking must be handled by the caller.
915 * Return the number of entries transferred.
917 static int transfer_objects(struct array_cache *to,
918 struct array_cache *from, unsigned int max)
920 /* Figure out how many entries to transfer */
921 int nr = min(min(from->avail, max), to->limit - to->avail);
926 memcpy(to->entry + to->avail, from->entry + from->avail -nr,
936 static void *__cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t, int);
937 static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t);
939 static struct array_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node, int limit)
941 struct array_cache **ac_ptr;
942 int memsize = sizeof(void *) * MAX_NUMNODES;
947 ac_ptr = kmalloc_node(memsize, GFP_KERNEL, node);
950 if (i == node || !node_online(i)) {
954 ac_ptr[i] = alloc_arraycache(node, limit, 0xbaadf00d);
956 for (i--; i <= 0; i--)
966 static void free_alien_cache(struct array_cache **ac_ptr)
977 static void __drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
978 struct array_cache *ac, int node)
980 struct kmem_list3 *rl3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
983 spin_lock(&rl3->list_lock);
985 * Stuff objects into the remote nodes shared array first.
986 * That way we could avoid the overhead of putting the objects
987 * into the free lists and getting them back later.
990 transfer_objects(rl3->shared, ac, ac->limit);
992 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node);
994 spin_unlock(&rl3->list_lock);
999 * Called from cache_reap() to regularly drain alien caches round robin.
1001 static void reap_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *l3)
1003 int node = __get_cpu_var(reap_node);
1006 struct array_cache *ac = l3->alien[node];
1008 if (ac && ac->avail && spin_trylock_irq(&ac->lock)) {
1009 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, node);
1010 spin_unlock_irq(&ac->lock);
1015 static void drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1016 struct array_cache **alien)
1019 struct array_cache *ac;
1020 unsigned long flags;
1022 for_each_online_node(i) {
1025 spin_lock_irqsave(&ac->lock, flags);
1026 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, i);
1027 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ac->lock, flags);
1032 static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1034 struct slab *slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
1035 int nodeid = slabp->nodeid;
1036 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
1037 struct array_cache *alien = NULL;
1040 * Make sure we are not freeing a object from another node to the array
1041 * cache on this cpu.
1043 if (likely(slabp->nodeid == numa_node_id()))
1046 l3 = cachep->nodelists[numa_node_id()];
1047 STATS_INC_NODEFREES(cachep);
1048 if (l3->alien && l3->alien[nodeid]) {
1049 alien = l3->alien[nodeid];
1050 spin_lock(&alien->lock);
1051 if (unlikely(alien->avail == alien->limit)) {
1052 STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(cachep);
1053 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien, nodeid);
1055 alien->entry[alien->avail++] = objp;
1056 spin_unlock(&alien->lock);
1058 spin_lock(&(cachep->nodelists[nodeid])->list_lock);
1059 free_block(cachep, &objp, 1, nodeid);
1060 spin_unlock(&(cachep->nodelists[nodeid])->list_lock);
1067 #define drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien) do { } while (0)
1068 #define reap_alien(cachep, l3) do { } while (0)
1070 static inline struct array_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node, int limit)
1072 return (struct array_cache **) 0x01020304ul;
1075 static inline void free_alien_cache(struct array_cache **ac_ptr)
1079 static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1086 static int cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
1087 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
1089 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
1090 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1091 struct kmem_list3 *l3 = NULL;
1092 int node = cpu_to_node(cpu);
1093 int memsize = sizeof(struct kmem_list3);
1096 case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
1097 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1099 * We need to do this right in the beginning since
1100 * alloc_arraycache's are going to use this list.
1101 * kmalloc_node allows us to add the slab to the right
1102 * kmem_list3 and not this cpu's kmem_list3
1105 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &cache_chain, next) {
1107 * Set up the size64 kmemlist for cpu before we can
1108 * begin anything. Make sure some other cpu on this
1109 * node has not already allocated this
1111 if (!cachep->nodelists[node]) {
1112 l3 = kmalloc_node(memsize, GFP_KERNEL, node);
1115 kmem_list3_init(l3);
1116 l3->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 +
1117 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
1120 * The l3s don't come and go as CPUs come and
1121 * go. cache_chain_mutex is sufficient
1124 cachep->nodelists[node] = l3;
1127 spin_lock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
1128 cachep->nodelists[node]->free_limit =
1129 (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
1130 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
1131 spin_unlock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
1135 * Now we can go ahead with allocating the shared arrays and
1138 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &cache_chain, next) {
1139 struct array_cache *nc;
1140 struct array_cache *shared;
1141 struct array_cache **alien;
1143 nc = alloc_arraycache(node, cachep->limit,
1144 cachep->batchcount);
1147 shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
1148 cachep->shared * cachep->batchcount,
1153 alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit);
1156 cachep->array[cpu] = nc;
1157 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1160 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1163 * We are serialised from CPU_DEAD or
1164 * CPU_UP_CANCELLED by the cpucontrol lock
1166 l3->shared = shared;
1175 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1177 free_alien_cache(alien);
1179 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1182 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1184 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
1187 * Even if all the cpus of a node are down, we don't free the
1188 * kmem_list3 of any cache. This to avoid a race between
1189 * cpu_down, and a kmalloc allocation from another cpu for
1190 * memory from the node of the cpu going down. The list3
1191 * structure is usually allocated from kmem_cache_create() and
1192 * gets destroyed at kmem_cache_destroy().
1195 case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
1196 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1197 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &cache_chain, next) {
1198 struct array_cache *nc;
1199 struct array_cache *shared;
1200 struct array_cache **alien;
1203 mask = node_to_cpumask(node);
1204 /* cpu is dead; no one can alloc from it. */
1205 nc = cachep->array[cpu];
1206 cachep->array[cpu] = NULL;
1207 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1210 goto free_array_cache;
1212 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1214 /* Free limit for this kmem_list3 */
1215 l3->free_limit -= cachep->batchcount;
1217 free_block(cachep, nc->entry, nc->avail, node);
1219 if (!cpus_empty(mask)) {
1220 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1221 goto free_array_cache;
1224 shared = l3->shared;
1226 free_block(cachep, l3->shared->entry,
1227 l3->shared->avail, node);
1234 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1238 drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien);
1239 free_alien_cache(alien);
1245 * In the previous loop, all the objects were freed to
1246 * the respective cache's slabs, now we can go ahead and
1247 * shrink each nodelist to its limit.
1249 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &cache_chain, next) {
1250 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
1253 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1254 /* free slabs belonging to this node */
1255 __node_shrink(cachep, node);
1256 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
1258 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1264 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1268 static struct notifier_block cpucache_notifier = { &cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };
1271 * swap the static kmem_list3 with kmalloced memory
1273 static void init_list(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *list,
1276 struct kmem_list3 *ptr;
1278 BUG_ON(cachep->nodelists[nodeid] != list);
1279 ptr = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_list3), GFP_KERNEL, nodeid);
1282 local_irq_disable();
1283 memcpy(ptr, list, sizeof(struct kmem_list3));
1284 MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid);
1285 cachep->nodelists[nodeid] = ptr;
1290 * Initialisation. Called after the page allocator have been initialised and
1291 * before smp_init().
1293 void __init kmem_cache_init(void)
1296 struct cache_sizes *sizes;
1297 struct cache_names *names;
1301 for (i = 0; i < NUM_INIT_LISTS; i++) {
1302 kmem_list3_init(&initkmem_list3[i]);
1303 if (i < MAX_NUMNODES)
1304 cache_cache.nodelists[i] = NULL;
1308 * Fragmentation resistance on low memory - only use bigger
1309 * page orders on machines with more than 32MB of memory.
1311 if (num_physpages > (32 << 20) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
1312 slab_break_gfp_order = BREAK_GFP_ORDER_HI;
1314 /* Bootstrap is tricky, because several objects are allocated
1315 * from caches that do not exist yet:
1316 * 1) initialize the cache_cache cache: it contains the struct
1317 * kmem_cache structures of all caches, except cache_cache itself:
1318 * cache_cache is statically allocated.
1319 * Initially an __init data area is used for the head array and the
1320 * kmem_list3 structures, it's replaced with a kmalloc allocated
1321 * array at the end of the bootstrap.
1322 * 2) Create the first kmalloc cache.
1323 * The struct kmem_cache for the new cache is allocated normally.
1324 * An __init data area is used for the head array.
1325 * 3) Create the remaining kmalloc caches, with minimally sized
1327 * 4) Replace the __init data head arrays for cache_cache and the first
1328 * kmalloc cache with kmalloc allocated arrays.
1329 * 5) Replace the __init data for kmem_list3 for cache_cache and
1330 * the other cache's with kmalloc allocated memory.
1331 * 6) Resize the head arrays of the kmalloc caches to their final sizes.
1334 /* 1) create the cache_cache */
1335 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cache_chain);
1336 list_add(&cache_cache.next, &cache_chain);
1337 cache_cache.colour_off = cache_line_size();
1338 cache_cache.array[smp_processor_id()] = &initarray_cache.cache;
1339 cache_cache.nodelists[numa_node_id()] = &initkmem_list3[CACHE_CACHE];
1341 cache_cache.buffer_size = ALIGN(cache_cache.buffer_size,
1344 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
1345 cache_estimate(order, cache_cache.buffer_size,
1346 cache_line_size(), 0, &left_over, &cache_cache.num);
1347 if (cache_cache.num)
1350 BUG_ON(!cache_cache.num);
1351 cache_cache.gfporder = order;
1352 cache_cache.colour = left_over / cache_cache.colour_off;
1353 cache_cache.slab_size = ALIGN(cache_cache.num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t) +
1354 sizeof(struct slab), cache_line_size());
1356 /* 2+3) create the kmalloc caches */
1357 sizes = malloc_sizes;
1358 names = cache_names;
1361 * Initialize the caches that provide memory for the array cache and the
1362 * kmem_list3 structures first. Without this, further allocations will
1366 sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep = kmem_cache_create(names[INDEX_AC].name,
1367 sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_size,
1368 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1369 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_PANIC,
1372 if (INDEX_AC != INDEX_L3) {
1373 sizes[INDEX_L3].cs_cachep =
1374 kmem_cache_create(names[INDEX_L3].name,
1375 sizes[INDEX_L3].cs_size,
1376 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1377 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_PANIC,
1381 slab_early_init = 0;
1383 while (sizes->cs_size != ULONG_MAX) {
1385 * For performance, all the general caches are L1 aligned.
1386 * This should be particularly beneficial on SMP boxes, as it
1387 * eliminates "false sharing".
1388 * Note for systems short on memory removing the alignment will
1389 * allow tighter packing of the smaller caches.
1391 if (!sizes->cs_cachep) {
1392 sizes->cs_cachep = kmem_cache_create(names->name,
1394 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1395 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_PANIC,
1399 sizes->cs_dmacachep = kmem_cache_create(names->name_dma,
1401 ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
1402 ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS|SLAB_CACHE_DMA|
1408 /* 4) Replace the bootstrap head arrays */
1412 ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(struct arraycache_init), GFP_KERNEL);
1414 local_irq_disable();
1415 BUG_ON(cpu_cache_get(&cache_cache) != &initarray_cache.cache);
1416 memcpy(ptr, cpu_cache_get(&cache_cache),
1417 sizeof(struct arraycache_init));
1418 cache_cache.array[smp_processor_id()] = ptr;
1421 ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(struct arraycache_init), GFP_KERNEL);
1423 local_irq_disable();
1424 BUG_ON(cpu_cache_get(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep)
1425 != &initarray_generic.cache);
1426 memcpy(ptr, cpu_cache_get(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep),
1427 sizeof(struct arraycache_init));
1428 malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] =
1432 /* 5) Replace the bootstrap kmem_list3's */
1435 /* Replace the static kmem_list3 structures for the boot cpu */
1436 init_list(&cache_cache, &initkmem_list3[CACHE_CACHE],
1439 for_each_online_node(node) {
1440 init_list(malloc_sizes[INDEX_AC].cs_cachep,
1441 &initkmem_list3[SIZE_AC + node], node);
1443 if (INDEX_AC != INDEX_L3) {
1444 init_list(malloc_sizes[INDEX_L3].cs_cachep,
1445 &initkmem_list3[SIZE_L3 + node],
1451 /* 6) resize the head arrays to their final sizes */
1453 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1454 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1455 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &cache_chain, next)
1456 enable_cpucache(cachep);
1457 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1461 g_cpucache_up = FULL;
1464 * Register a cpu startup notifier callback that initializes
1465 * cpu_cache_get for all new cpus
1467 register_cpu_notifier(&cpucache_notifier);
1470 * The reap timers are started later, with a module init call: That part
1471 * of the kernel is not yet operational.
1475 static int __init cpucache_init(void)
1480 * Register the timers that return unneeded pages to the page allocator
1482 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
1483 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1486 __initcall(cpucache_init);
1489 * Interface to system's page allocator. No need to hold the cache-lock.
1491 * If we requested dmaable memory, we will get it. Even if we
1492 * did not request dmaable memory, we might get it, but that
1493 * would be relatively rare and ignorable.
1495 static void *kmem_getpages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
1503 * Nommu uses slab's for process anonymous memory allocations, and thus
1504 * requires __GFP_COMP to properly refcount higher order allocations
1506 flags |= __GFP_COMP;
1508 flags |= cachep->gfpflags;
1510 page = alloc_pages_node(nodeid, flags, cachep->gfporder);
1514 nr_pages = (1 << cachep->gfporder);
1515 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1516 atomic_add(nr_pages, &slab_reclaim_pages);
1517 add_page_state(nr_slab, nr_pages);
1518 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++)
1519 __SetPageSlab(page + i);
1520 return page_address(page);
1524 * Interface to system's page release.
1526 static void kmem_freepages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *addr)
1528 unsigned long i = (1 << cachep->gfporder);
1529 struct page *page = virt_to_page(addr);
1530 const unsigned long nr_freed = i;
1533 BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
1534 __ClearPageSlab(page);
1537 sub_page_state(nr_slab, nr_freed);
1538 if (current->reclaim_state)
1539 current->reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab += nr_freed;
1540 free_pages((unsigned long)addr, cachep->gfporder);
1541 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1542 atomic_sub(1 << cachep->gfporder, &slab_reclaim_pages);
1545 static void kmem_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
1547 struct slab_rcu *slab_rcu = (struct slab_rcu *)head;
1548 struct kmem_cache *cachep = slab_rcu->cachep;
1550 kmem_freepages(cachep, slab_rcu->addr);
1551 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep))
1552 kmem_cache_free(cachep->slabp_cache, slab_rcu);
1557 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1558 static void store_stackinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, unsigned long *addr,
1559 unsigned long caller)
1561 int size = obj_size(cachep);
1563 addr = (unsigned long *)&((char *)addr)[obj_offset(cachep)];
1565 if (size < 5 * sizeof(unsigned long))
1568 *addr++ = 0x12345678;
1570 *addr++ = smp_processor_id();
1571 size -= 3 * sizeof(unsigned long);
1573 unsigned long *sptr = &caller;
1574 unsigned long svalue;
1576 while (!kstack_end(sptr)) {
1578 if (kernel_text_address(svalue)) {
1580 size -= sizeof(unsigned long);
1581 if (size <= sizeof(unsigned long))
1587 *addr++ = 0x87654321;
1591 static void poison_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *addr, unsigned char val)
1593 int size = obj_size(cachep);
1594 addr = &((char *)addr)[obj_offset(cachep)];
1596 memset(addr, val, size);
1597 *(unsigned char *)(addr + size - 1) = POISON_END;
1600 static void dump_line(char *data, int offset, int limit)
1603 printk(KERN_ERR "%03x:", offset);
1604 for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
1605 printk(" %02x", (unsigned char)data[offset + i]);
1612 static void print_objinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp, int lines)
1617 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
1618 printk(KERN_ERR "Redzone: 0x%lx/0x%lx.\n",
1619 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp),
1620 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp));
1623 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {
1624 printk(KERN_ERR "Last user: [<%p>]",
1625 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp));
1626 print_symbol("(%s)",
1627 (unsigned long)*dbg_userword(cachep, objp));
1630 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1631 size = obj_size(cachep);
1632 for (i = 0; i < size && lines; i += 16, lines--) {
1635 if (i + limit > size)
1637 dump_line(realobj, i, limit);
1641 static void check_poison_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1647 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1648 size = obj_size(cachep);
1650 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
1651 char exp = POISON_FREE;
1654 if (realobj[i] != exp) {
1660 "Slab corruption: start=%p, len=%d\n",
1662 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 0);
1664 /* Hexdump the affected line */
1667 if (i + limit > size)
1669 dump_line(realobj, i, limit);
1672 /* Limit to 5 lines */
1678 /* Print some data about the neighboring objects, if they
1681 struct slab *slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
1684 objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, slabp, objp);
1686 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, objnr - 1);
1687 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1688 printk(KERN_ERR "Prev obj: start=%p, len=%d\n",
1690 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 2);
1692 if (objnr + 1 < cachep->num) {
1693 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, objnr + 1);
1694 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1695 printk(KERN_ERR "Next obj: start=%p, len=%d\n",
1697 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 2);
1705 * slab_destroy_objs - destroy a slab and its objects
1706 * @cachep: cache pointer being destroyed
1707 * @slabp: slab pointer being destroyed
1709 * Call the registered destructor for each object in a slab that is being
1712 static void slab_destroy_objs(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
1715 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
1716 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, i);
1718 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
1719 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1720 if (cachep->buffer_size % PAGE_SIZE == 0 &&
1722 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
1723 cachep->buffer_size / PAGE_SIZE, 1);
1725 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
1727 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
1730 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
1731 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
1732 slab_error(cachep, "start of a freed object "
1734 if (*dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
1735 slab_error(cachep, "end of a freed object "
1738 if (cachep->dtor && !(cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON))
1739 (cachep->dtor) (objp + obj_offset(cachep), cachep, 0);
1743 static void slab_destroy_objs(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
1747 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
1748 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, i);
1749 (cachep->dtor) (objp, cachep, 0);
1756 * slab_destroy - destroy and release all objects in a slab
1757 * @cachep: cache pointer being destroyed
1758 * @slabp: slab pointer being destroyed
1760 * Destroy all the objs in a slab, and release the mem back to the system.
1761 * Before calling the slab must have been unlinked from the cache. The
1762 * cache-lock is not held/needed.
1764 static void slab_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
1766 void *addr = slabp->s_mem - slabp->colouroff;
1768 slab_destroy_objs(cachep, slabp);
1769 if (unlikely(cachep->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)) {
1770 struct slab_rcu *slab_rcu;
1772 slab_rcu = (struct slab_rcu *)slabp;
1773 slab_rcu->cachep = cachep;
1774 slab_rcu->addr = addr;
1775 call_rcu(&slab_rcu->head, kmem_rcu_free);
1777 kmem_freepages(cachep, addr);
1778 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep))
1779 kmem_cache_free(cachep->slabp_cache, slabp);
1784 * For setting up all the kmem_list3s for cache whose buffer_size is same as
1785 * size of kmem_list3.
1787 static void set_up_list3s(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int index)
1791 for_each_online_node(node) {
1792 cachep->nodelists[node] = &initkmem_list3[index + node];
1793 cachep->nodelists[node]->next_reap = jiffies +
1795 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
1800 * calculate_slab_order - calculate size (page order) of slabs
1801 * @cachep: pointer to the cache that is being created
1802 * @size: size of objects to be created in this cache.
1803 * @align: required alignment for the objects.
1804 * @flags: slab allocation flags
1806 * Also calculates the number of objects per slab.
1808 * This could be made much more intelligent. For now, try to avoid using
1809 * high order pages for slabs. When the gfp() functions are more friendly
1810 * towards high-order requests, this should be changed.
1812 static size_t calculate_slab_order(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1813 size_t size, size_t align, unsigned long flags)
1815 unsigned long offslab_limit;
1816 size_t left_over = 0;
1819 for (gfporder = 0; gfporder <= MAX_GFP_ORDER; gfporder++) {
1823 cache_estimate(gfporder, size, align, flags, &remainder, &num);
1827 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
1829 * Max number of objs-per-slab for caches which
1830 * use off-slab slabs. Needed to avoid a possible
1831 * looping condition in cache_grow().
1833 offslab_limit = size - sizeof(struct slab);
1834 offslab_limit /= sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t);
1836 if (num > offslab_limit)
1840 /* Found something acceptable - save it away */
1842 cachep->gfporder = gfporder;
1843 left_over = remainder;
1846 * A VFS-reclaimable slab tends to have most allocations
1847 * as GFP_NOFS and we really don't want to have to be allocating
1848 * higher-order pages when we are unable to shrink dcache.
1850 if (flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1854 * Large number of objects is good, but very large slabs are
1855 * currently bad for the gfp()s.
1857 if (gfporder >= slab_break_gfp_order)
1861 * Acceptable internal fragmentation?
1863 if (left_over * 8 <= (PAGE_SIZE << gfporder))
1869 static void setup_cpu_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
1871 if (g_cpucache_up == FULL) {
1872 enable_cpucache(cachep);
1875 if (g_cpucache_up == NONE) {
1877 * Note: the first kmem_cache_create must create the cache
1878 * that's used by kmalloc(24), otherwise the creation of
1879 * further caches will BUG().
1881 cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] = &initarray_generic.cache;
1884 * If the cache that's used by kmalloc(sizeof(kmem_list3)) is
1885 * the first cache, then we need to set up all its list3s,
1886 * otherwise the creation of further caches will BUG().
1888 set_up_list3s(cachep, SIZE_AC);
1889 if (INDEX_AC == INDEX_L3)
1890 g_cpucache_up = PARTIAL_L3;
1892 g_cpucache_up = PARTIAL_AC;
1894 cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] =
1895 kmalloc(sizeof(struct arraycache_init), GFP_KERNEL);
1897 if (g_cpucache_up == PARTIAL_AC) {
1898 set_up_list3s(cachep, SIZE_L3);
1899 g_cpucache_up = PARTIAL_L3;
1902 for_each_online_node(node) {
1903 cachep->nodelists[node] =
1904 kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_list3),
1906 BUG_ON(!cachep->nodelists[node]);
1907 kmem_list3_init(cachep->nodelists[node]);
1911 cachep->nodelists[numa_node_id()]->next_reap =
1912 jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 +
1913 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
1915 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->avail = 0;
1916 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES;
1917 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->batchcount = 1;
1918 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->touched = 0;
1919 cachep->batchcount = 1;
1920 cachep->limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES;
1924 * kmem_cache_create - Create a cache.
1925 * @name: A string which is used in /proc/slabinfo to identify this cache.
1926 * @size: The size of objects to be created in this cache.
1927 * @align: The required alignment for the objects.
1928 * @flags: SLAB flags
1929 * @ctor: A constructor for the objects.
1930 * @dtor: A destructor for the objects.
1932 * Returns a ptr to the cache on success, NULL on failure.
1933 * Cannot be called within a int, but can be interrupted.
1934 * The @ctor is run when new pages are allocated by the cache
1935 * and the @dtor is run before the pages are handed back.
1937 * @name must be valid until the cache is destroyed. This implies that
1938 * the module calling this has to destroy the cache before getting unloaded.
1942 * %SLAB_POISON - Poison the slab with a known test pattern (a5a5a5a5)
1943 * to catch references to uninitialised memory.
1945 * %SLAB_RED_ZONE - Insert `Red' zones around the allocated memory to check
1946 * for buffer overruns.
1948 * %SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN - Align the objects in this cache to a hardware
1949 * cacheline. This can be beneficial if you're counting cycles as closely
1953 kmem_cache_create (const char *name, size_t size, size_t align,
1954 unsigned long flags,
1955 void (*ctor)(void*, struct kmem_cache *, unsigned long),
1956 void (*dtor)(void*, struct kmem_cache *, unsigned long))
1958 size_t left_over, slab_size, ralign;
1959 struct kmem_cache *cachep = NULL, *pc;
1962 * Sanity checks... these are all serious usage bugs.
1964 if (!name || in_interrupt() || (size < BYTES_PER_WORD) ||
1965 (size > (1 << MAX_OBJ_ORDER) * PAGE_SIZE) || (dtor && !ctor)) {
1966 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Early error in slab %s\n", __FUNCTION__,
1972 * Prevent CPUs from coming and going.
1973 * lock_cpu_hotplug() nests outside cache_chain_mutex
1977 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
1979 list_for_each_entry(pc, &cache_chain, next) {
1980 mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
1985 * This happens when the module gets unloaded and doesn't
1986 * destroy its slab cache and no-one else reuses the vmalloc
1987 * area of the module. Print a warning.
1990 res = __get_user(tmp, pc->name);
1993 printk("SLAB: cache with size %d has lost its name\n",
1998 if (!strcmp(pc->name, name)) {
1999 printk("kmem_cache_create: duplicate cache %s\n", name);
2006 WARN_ON(strchr(name, ' ')); /* It confuses parsers */
2007 if ((flags & SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL) && !ctor) {
2008 /* No constructor, but inital state check requested */
2009 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: No con, but init state check "
2010 "requested - %s\n", __FUNCTION__, name);
2011 flags &= ~SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL;
2015 * Enable redzoning and last user accounting, except for caches with
2016 * large objects, if the increased size would increase the object size
2017 * above the next power of two: caches with object sizes just above a
2018 * power of two have a significant amount of internal fragmentation.
2020 if (size < 4096 || fls(size - 1) == fls(size-1 + 3 * BYTES_PER_WORD))
2021 flags |= SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER;
2022 if (!(flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU))
2023 flags |= SLAB_POISON;
2025 if (flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)
2026 BUG_ON(flags & SLAB_POISON);
2028 if (flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)
2032 * Always checks flags, a caller might be expecting debug support which
2035 BUG_ON(flags & ~CREATE_MASK);
2038 * Check that size is in terms of words. This is needed to avoid
2039 * unaligned accesses for some archs when redzoning is used, and makes
2040 * sure any on-slab bufctl's are also correctly aligned.
2042 if (size & (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1)) {
2043 size += (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
2044 size &= ~(BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
2047 /* calculate the final buffer alignment: */
2049 /* 1) arch recommendation: can be overridden for debug */
2050 if (flags & SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN) {
2052 * Default alignment: as specified by the arch code. Except if
2053 * an object is really small, then squeeze multiple objects into
2056 ralign = cache_line_size();
2057 while (size <= ralign / 2)
2060 ralign = BYTES_PER_WORD;
2062 /* 2) arch mandated alignment: disables debug if necessary */
2063 if (ralign < ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN) {
2064 ralign = ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN;
2065 if (ralign > BYTES_PER_WORD)
2066 flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);
2068 /* 3) caller mandated alignment: disables debug if necessary */
2069 if (ralign < align) {
2071 if (ralign > BYTES_PER_WORD)
2072 flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);
2075 * 4) Store it. Note that the debug code below can reduce
2076 * the alignment to BYTES_PER_WORD.
2080 /* Get cache's description obj. */
2081 cachep = kmem_cache_zalloc(&cache_cache, SLAB_KERNEL);
2086 cachep->obj_size = size;
2088 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2089 /* redzoning only works with word aligned caches */
2090 align = BYTES_PER_WORD;
2092 /* add space for red zone words */
2093 cachep->obj_offset += BYTES_PER_WORD;
2094 size += 2 * BYTES_PER_WORD;
2096 if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {
2097 /* user store requires word alignment and
2098 * one word storage behind the end of the real
2101 align = BYTES_PER_WORD;
2102 size += BYTES_PER_WORD;
2104 #if FORCED_DEBUG && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC)
2105 if (size >= malloc_sizes[INDEX_L3 + 1].cs_size
2106 && cachep->obj_size > cache_line_size() && size < PAGE_SIZE) {
2107 cachep->obj_offset += PAGE_SIZE - size;
2114 * Determine if the slab management is 'on' or 'off' slab.
2115 * (bootstrapping cannot cope with offslab caches so don't do
2118 if ((size >= (PAGE_SIZE >> 3)) && !slab_early_init)
2120 * Size is large, assume best to place the slab management obj
2121 * off-slab (should allow better packing of objs).
2123 flags |= CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;
2125 size = ALIGN(size, align);
2127 left_over = calculate_slab_order(cachep, size, align, flags);
2130 printk("kmem_cache_create: couldn't create cache %s.\n", name);
2131 kmem_cache_free(&cache_cache, cachep);
2135 slab_size = ALIGN(cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t)
2136 + sizeof(struct slab), align);
2139 * If the slab has been placed off-slab, and we have enough space then
2140 * move it on-slab. This is at the expense of any extra colouring.
2142 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB && left_over >= slab_size) {
2143 flags &= ~CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;
2144 left_over -= slab_size;
2147 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
2148 /* really off slab. No need for manual alignment */
2150 cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t) + sizeof(struct slab);
2153 cachep->colour_off = cache_line_size();
2154 /* Offset must be a multiple of the alignment. */
2155 if (cachep->colour_off < align)
2156 cachep->colour_off = align;
2157 cachep->colour = left_over / cachep->colour_off;
2158 cachep->slab_size = slab_size;
2159 cachep->flags = flags;
2160 cachep->gfpflags = 0;
2161 if (flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA)
2162 cachep->gfpflags |= GFP_DMA;
2163 cachep->buffer_size = size;
2165 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB)
2166 cachep->slabp_cache = kmem_find_general_cachep(slab_size, 0u);
2167 cachep->ctor = ctor;
2168 cachep->dtor = dtor;
2169 cachep->name = name;
2172 setup_cpu_cache(cachep);
2174 /* cache setup completed, link it into the list */
2175 list_add(&cachep->next, &cache_chain);
2177 if (!cachep && (flags & SLAB_PANIC))
2178 panic("kmem_cache_create(): failed to create slab `%s'\n",
2180 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
2181 unlock_cpu_hotplug();
2184 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_create);
2187 static void check_irq_off(void)
2189 BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
2192 static void check_irq_on(void)
2194 BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
2197 static void check_spinlock_acquired(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2201 assert_spin_locked(&cachep->nodelists[numa_node_id()]->list_lock);
2205 static void check_spinlock_acquired_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node)
2209 assert_spin_locked(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
2214 #define check_irq_off() do { } while(0)
2215 #define check_irq_on() do { } while(0)
2216 #define check_spinlock_acquired(x) do { } while(0)
2217 #define check_spinlock_acquired_node(x, y) do { } while(0)
2220 static void drain_array(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *l3,
2221 struct array_cache *ac,
2222 int force, int node);
2224 static void do_drain(void *arg)
2226 struct kmem_cache *cachep = arg;
2227 struct array_cache *ac;
2228 int node = numa_node_id();
2231 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2232 spin_lock(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
2233 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node);
2234 spin_unlock(&cachep->nodelists[node]->list_lock);
2238 static void drain_cpu_caches(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2240 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2243 on_each_cpu(do_drain, cachep, 1, 1);
2245 for_each_online_node(node) {
2246 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
2247 if (l3 && l3->alien)
2248 drain_alien_cache(cachep, l3->alien);
2251 for_each_online_node(node) {
2252 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
2254 drain_array(cachep, l3, l3->shared, 1, node);
2258 static int __node_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node)
2261 struct kmem_list3 *l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
2265 struct list_head *p;
2267 p = l3->slabs_free.prev;
2268 if (p == &l3->slabs_free)
2271 slabp = list_entry(l3->slabs_free.prev, struct slab, list);
2273 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse);
2275 list_del(&slabp->list);
2277 l3->free_objects -= cachep->num;
2278 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2279 slab_destroy(cachep, slabp);
2280 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2282 ret = !list_empty(&l3->slabs_full) || !list_empty(&l3->slabs_partial);
2286 static int __cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2289 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2291 drain_cpu_caches(cachep);
2294 for_each_online_node(i) {
2295 l3 = cachep->nodelists[i];
2297 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2298 ret += __node_shrink(cachep, i);
2299 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
2302 return (ret ? 1 : 0);
2306 * kmem_cache_shrink - Shrink a cache.
2307 * @cachep: The cache to shrink.
2309 * Releases as many slabs as possible for a cache.
2310 * To help debugging, a zero exit status indicates all slabs were released.
2312 int kmem_cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2314 BUG_ON(!cachep || in_interrupt());
2316 return __cache_shrink(cachep);
2318 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_shrink);
2321 * kmem_cache_destroy - delete a cache
2322 * @cachep: the cache to destroy
2324 * Remove a struct kmem_cache object from the slab cache.
2325 * Returns 0 on success.
2327 * It is expected this function will be called by a module when it is
2328 * unloaded. This will remove the cache completely, and avoid a duplicate
2329 * cache being allocated each time a module is loaded and unloaded, if the
2330 * module doesn't have persistent in-kernel storage across loads and unloads.
2332 * The cache must be empty before calling this function.
2334 * The caller must guarantee that noone will allocate memory from the cache
2335 * during the kmem_cache_destroy().
2337 int kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2340 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2342 BUG_ON(!cachep || in_interrupt());
2344 /* Don't let CPUs to come and go */
2347 /* Find the cache in the chain of caches. */
2348 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
2350 * the chain is never empty, cache_cache is never destroyed
2352 list_del(&cachep->next);
2353 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
2355 if (__cache_shrink(cachep)) {
2356 slab_error(cachep, "Can't free all objects");
2357 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
2358 list_add(&cachep->next, &cache_chain);
2359 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
2360 unlock_cpu_hotplug();
2364 if (unlikely(cachep->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU))
2367 for_each_online_cpu(i)
2368 kfree(cachep->array[i]);
2370 /* NUMA: free the list3 structures */
2371 for_each_online_node(i) {
2372 l3 = cachep->nodelists[i];
2375 free_alien_cache(l3->alien);
2379 kmem_cache_free(&cache_cache, cachep);
2380 unlock_cpu_hotplug();
2383 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_destroy);
2385 /* Get the memory for a slab management obj. */
2386 static struct slab *alloc_slabmgmt(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
2387 int colour_off, gfp_t local_flags,
2392 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep)) {
2393 /* Slab management obj is off-slab. */
2394 slabp = kmem_cache_alloc_node(cachep->slabp_cache,
2395 local_flags, nodeid);
2399 slabp = objp + colour_off;
2400 colour_off += cachep->slab_size;
2403 slabp->colouroff = colour_off;
2404 slabp->s_mem = objp + colour_off;
2405 slabp->nodeid = nodeid;
2409 static inline kmem_bufctl_t *slab_bufctl(struct slab *slabp)
2411 return (kmem_bufctl_t *) (slabp + 1);
2414 static void cache_init_objs(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2415 struct slab *slabp, unsigned long ctor_flags)
2419 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
2420 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, i);
2422 /* need to poison the objs? */
2423 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2424 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2425 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2426 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = NULL;
2428 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2429 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2430 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2433 * Constructors are not allowed to allocate memory from the same
2434 * cache which they are a constructor for. Otherwise, deadlock.
2435 * They must also be threaded.
2437 if (cachep->ctor && !(cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON))
2438 cachep->ctor(objp + obj_offset(cachep), cachep,
2441 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2442 if (*dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2443 slab_error(cachep, "constructor overwrote the"
2444 " end of an object");
2445 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2446 slab_error(cachep, "constructor overwrote the"
2447 " start of an object");
2449 if ((cachep->buffer_size % PAGE_SIZE) == 0 &&
2450 OFF_SLAB(cachep) && cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2451 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2452 cachep->buffer_size / PAGE_SIZE, 0);
2455 cachep->ctor(objp, cachep, ctor_flags);
2457 slab_bufctl(slabp)[i] = i + 1;
2459 slab_bufctl(slabp)[i - 1] = BUFCTL_END;
2463 static void kmem_flagcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2465 if (flags & SLAB_DMA)
2466 BUG_ON(!(cachep->gfpflags & GFP_DMA));
2468 BUG_ON(cachep->gfpflags & GFP_DMA);
2471 static void *slab_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp,
2474 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, slabp->free);
2478 next = slab_bufctl(slabp)[slabp->free];
2480 slab_bufctl(slabp)[slabp->free] = BUFCTL_FREE;
2481 WARN_ON(slabp->nodeid != nodeid);
2488 static void slab_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp,
2489 void *objp, int nodeid)
2491 unsigned int objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, slabp, objp);
2494 /* Verify that the slab belongs to the intended node */
2495 WARN_ON(slabp->nodeid != nodeid);
2497 if (slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] + 1 <= SLAB_LIMIT + 1) {
2498 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: double free detected in cache "
2499 "'%s', objp %p\n", cachep->name, objp);
2503 slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] = slabp->free;
2504 slabp->free = objnr;
2509 * Map pages beginning at addr to the given cache and slab. This is required
2510 * for the slab allocator to be able to lookup the cache and slab of a
2511 * virtual address for kfree, ksize, kmem_ptr_validate, and slab debugging.
2513 static void slab_map_pages(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct slab *slab,
2519 page = virt_to_page(addr);
2522 if (likely(!PageCompound(page)))
2523 nr_pages <<= cache->gfporder;
2526 page_set_cache(page, cache);
2527 page_set_slab(page, slab);
2529 } while (--nr_pages);
2533 * Grow (by 1) the number of slabs within a cache. This is called by
2534 * kmem_cache_alloc() when there are no active objs left in a cache.
2536 static int cache_grow(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
2542 unsigned long ctor_flags;
2543 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2546 * Be lazy and only check for valid flags here, keeping it out of the
2547 * critical path in kmem_cache_alloc().
2549 BUG_ON(flags & ~(SLAB_DMA | SLAB_LEVEL_MASK | SLAB_NO_GROW));
2550 if (flags & SLAB_NO_GROW)
2553 ctor_flags = SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR;
2554 local_flags = (flags & SLAB_LEVEL_MASK);
2555 if (!(local_flags & __GFP_WAIT))
2557 * Not allowed to sleep. Need to tell a constructor about
2558 * this - it might need to know...
2560 ctor_flags |= SLAB_CTOR_ATOMIC;
2562 /* Take the l3 list lock to change the colour_next on this node */
2564 l3 = cachep->nodelists[nodeid];
2565 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
2567 /* Get colour for the slab, and cal the next value. */
2568 offset = l3->colour_next;
2570 if (l3->colour_next >= cachep->colour)
2571 l3->colour_next = 0;
2572 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
2574 offset *= cachep->colour_off;
2576 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2580 * The test for missing atomic flag is performed here, rather than
2581 * the more obvious place, simply to reduce the critical path length
2582 * in kmem_cache_alloc(). If a caller is seriously mis-behaving they
2583 * will eventually be caught here (where it matters).
2585 kmem_flagcheck(cachep, flags);
2588 * Get mem for the objs. Attempt to allocate a physical page from
2591 objp = kmem_getpages(cachep, flags, nodeid);
2595 /* Get slab management. */
2596 slabp = alloc_slabmgmt(cachep, objp, offset, local_flags, nodeid);
2600 slabp->nodeid = nodeid;
2601 slab_map_pages(cachep, slabp, objp);
2603 cache_init_objs(cachep, slabp, ctor_flags);
2605 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2606 local_irq_disable();
2608 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
2610 /* Make slab active. */
2611 list_add_tail(&slabp->list, &(l3->slabs_free));
2612 STATS_INC_GROWN(cachep);
2613 l3->free_objects += cachep->num;
2614 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
2617 kmem_freepages(cachep, objp);
2619 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2620 local_irq_disable();
2627 * Perform extra freeing checks:
2628 * - detect bad pointers.
2629 * - POISON/RED_ZONE checking
2630 * - destructor calls, for caches with POISON+dtor
2632 static void kfree_debugcheck(const void *objp)
2636 if (!virt_addr_valid(objp)) {
2637 printk(KERN_ERR "kfree_debugcheck: out of range ptr %lxh.\n",
2638 (unsigned long)objp);
2641 page = virt_to_page(objp);
2642 if (!PageSlab(page)) {
2643 printk(KERN_ERR "kfree_debugcheck: bad ptr %lxh.\n",
2644 (unsigned long)objp);
2649 static inline void verify_redzone_free(struct kmem_cache *cache, void *obj)
2651 unsigned long redzone1, redzone2;
2653 redzone1 = *dbg_redzone1(cache, obj);
2654 redzone2 = *dbg_redzone2(cache, obj);
2659 if (redzone1 == RED_ACTIVE && redzone2 == RED_ACTIVE)
2662 if (redzone1 == RED_INACTIVE && redzone2 == RED_INACTIVE)
2663 slab_error(cache, "double free detected");
2665 slab_error(cache, "memory outside object was overwritten");
2667 printk(KERN_ERR "%p: redzone 1:0x%lx, redzone 2:0x%lx.\n",
2668 obj, redzone1, redzone2);
2671 static void *cache_free_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
2678 objp -= obj_offset(cachep);
2679 kfree_debugcheck(objp);
2680 page = virt_to_page(objp);
2682 slabp = page_get_slab(page);
2684 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2685 verify_redzone_free(cachep, objp);
2686 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2687 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2689 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2690 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = caller;
2692 objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, slabp, objp);
2694 BUG_ON(objnr >= cachep->num);
2695 BUG_ON(objp != index_to_obj(cachep, slabp, objnr));
2697 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_DEBUG_INITIAL) {
2699 * Need to call the slab's constructor so the caller can
2700 * perform a verify of its state (debugging). Called without
2701 * the cache-lock held.
2703 cachep->ctor(objp + obj_offset(cachep),
2704 cachep, SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR | SLAB_CTOR_VERIFY);
2706 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON && cachep->dtor) {
2707 /* we want to cache poison the object,
2708 * call the destruction callback
2710 cachep->dtor(objp + obj_offset(cachep), cachep, 0);
2712 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
2713 slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] = BUFCTL_FREE;
2715 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
2716 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
2717 if ((cachep->buffer_size % PAGE_SIZE)==0 && OFF_SLAB(cachep)) {
2718 store_stackinfo(cachep, objp, (unsigned long)caller);
2719 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2720 cachep->buffer_size / PAGE_SIZE, 0);
2722 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2725 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2731 static void check_slabp(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slab *slabp)
2736 /* Check slab's freelist to see if this obj is there. */
2737 for (i = slabp->free; i != BUFCTL_END; i = slab_bufctl(slabp)[i]) {
2739 if (entries > cachep->num || i >= cachep->num)
2742 if (entries != cachep->num - slabp->inuse) {
2744 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: Internal list corruption detected in "
2745 "cache '%s'(%d), slabp %p(%d). Hexdump:\n",
2746 cachep->name, cachep->num, slabp, slabp->inuse);
2748 i < sizeof(*slabp) + cachep->num * sizeof(kmem_bufctl_t);
2751 printk("\n%03x:", i);
2752 printk(" %02x", ((unsigned char *)slabp)[i]);
2759 #define kfree_debugcheck(x) do { } while(0)
2760 #define cache_free_debugcheck(x,objp,z) (objp)
2761 #define check_slabp(x,y) do { } while(0)
2764 static void *cache_alloc_refill(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2767 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2768 struct array_cache *ac;
2771 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2773 batchcount = ac->batchcount;
2774 if (!ac->touched && batchcount > BATCHREFILL_LIMIT) {
2776 * If there was little recent activity on this cache, then
2777 * perform only a partial refill. Otherwise we could generate
2780 batchcount = BATCHREFILL_LIMIT;
2782 l3 = cachep->nodelists[numa_node_id()];
2784 BUG_ON(ac->avail > 0 || !l3);
2785 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
2787 /* See if we can refill from the shared array */
2788 if (l3->shared && transfer_objects(ac, l3->shared, batchcount))
2791 while (batchcount > 0) {
2792 struct list_head *entry;
2794 /* Get slab alloc is to come from. */
2795 entry = l3->slabs_partial.next;
2796 if (entry == &l3->slabs_partial) {
2797 l3->free_touched = 1;
2798 entry = l3->slabs_free.next;
2799 if (entry == &l3->slabs_free)
2803 slabp = list_entry(entry, struct slab, list);
2804 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
2805 check_spinlock_acquired(cachep);
2806 while (slabp->inuse < cachep->num && batchcount--) {
2807 STATS_INC_ALLOCED(cachep);
2808 STATS_INC_ACTIVE(cachep);
2809 STATS_SET_HIGH(cachep);
2811 ac->entry[ac->avail++] = slab_get_obj(cachep, slabp,
2814 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
2816 /* move slabp to correct slabp list: */
2817 list_del(&slabp->list);
2818 if (slabp->free == BUFCTL_END)
2819 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_full);
2821 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_partial);
2825 l3->free_objects -= ac->avail;
2827 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
2829 if (unlikely(!ac->avail)) {
2831 x = cache_grow(cachep, flags, numa_node_id());
2833 /* cache_grow can reenable interrupts, then ac could change. */
2834 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2835 if (!x && ac->avail == 0) /* no objects in sight? abort */
2838 if (!ac->avail) /* objects refilled by interrupt? */
2842 return ac->entry[--ac->avail];
2845 static inline void cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2848 might_sleep_if(flags & __GFP_WAIT);
2850 kmem_flagcheck(cachep, flags);
2855 static void *cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2856 gfp_t flags, void *objp, void *caller)
2860 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
2861 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
2862 if ((cachep->buffer_size % PAGE_SIZE) == 0 && OFF_SLAB(cachep))
2863 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2864 cachep->buffer_size / PAGE_SIZE, 1);
2866 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
2868 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
2870 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_INUSE);
2872 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2873 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = caller;
2875 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2876 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE ||
2877 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE) {
2878 slab_error(cachep, "double free, or memory outside"
2879 " object was overwritten");
2881 "%p: redzone 1:0x%lx, redzone 2:0x%lx\n",
2882 objp, *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp),
2883 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp));
2885 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_ACTIVE;
2886 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_ACTIVE;
2888 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
2893 slabp = page_get_slab(virt_to_page(objp));
2894 objnr = (unsigned)(objp - slabp->s_mem) / cachep->buffer_size;
2895 slab_bufctl(slabp)[objnr] = BUFCTL_ACTIVE;
2898 objp += obj_offset(cachep);
2899 if (cachep->ctor && cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
2900 unsigned long ctor_flags = SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR;
2902 if (!(flags & __GFP_WAIT))
2903 ctor_flags |= SLAB_CTOR_ATOMIC;
2905 cachep->ctor(objp, cachep, ctor_flags);
2910 #define cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(a,b,objp,d) (objp)
2913 static inline void *____cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2916 struct array_cache *ac;
2919 if (unlikely(current->flags & (PF_SPREAD_SLAB | PF_MEMPOLICY))) {
2920 objp = alternate_node_alloc(cachep, flags);
2927 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2928 if (likely(ac->avail)) {
2929 STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(cachep);
2931 objp = ac->entry[--ac->avail];
2933 STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(cachep);
2934 objp = cache_alloc_refill(cachep, flags);
2939 static __always_inline void *__cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2940 gfp_t flags, void *caller)
2942 unsigned long save_flags;
2945 cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(cachep, flags);
2947 local_irq_save(save_flags);
2948 objp = ____cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
2949 local_irq_restore(save_flags);
2950 objp = cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(cachep, flags, objp,
2958 * Try allocating on another node if PF_SPREAD_SLAB|PF_MEMPOLICY.
2960 * If we are in_interrupt, then process context, including cpusets and
2961 * mempolicy, may not apply and should not be used for allocation policy.
2963 static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2965 int nid_alloc, nid_here;
2969 nid_alloc = nid_here = numa_node_id();
2970 if (cpuset_do_slab_mem_spread() && (cachep->flags & SLAB_MEM_SPREAD))
2971 nid_alloc = cpuset_mem_spread_node();
2972 else if (current->mempolicy)
2973 nid_alloc = slab_node(current->mempolicy);
2974 if (nid_alloc != nid_here)
2975 return __cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nid_alloc);
2980 * A interface to enable slab creation on nodeid
2982 static void *__cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags,
2985 struct list_head *entry;
2987 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
2991 l3 = cachep->nodelists[nodeid];
2996 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
2997 entry = l3->slabs_partial.next;
2998 if (entry == &l3->slabs_partial) {
2999 l3->free_touched = 1;
3000 entry = l3->slabs_free.next;
3001 if (entry == &l3->slabs_free)
3005 slabp = list_entry(entry, struct slab, list);
3006 check_spinlock_acquired_node(cachep, nodeid);
3007 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3009 STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(cachep);
3010 STATS_INC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3011 STATS_SET_HIGH(cachep);
3013 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse == cachep->num);
3015 obj = slab_get_obj(cachep, slabp, nodeid);
3016 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3018 /* move slabp to correct slabp list: */
3019 list_del(&slabp->list);
3021 if (slabp->free == BUFCTL_END)
3022 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_full);
3024 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_partial);
3026 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3030 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3031 x = cache_grow(cachep, flags, nodeid);
3043 * Caller needs to acquire correct kmem_list's list_lock
3045 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int nr_objects,
3049 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3051 for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
3052 void *objp = objpp[i];
3055 slabp = virt_to_slab(objp);
3056 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3057 list_del(&slabp->list);
3058 check_spinlock_acquired_node(cachep, node);
3059 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3060 slab_put_obj(cachep, slabp, objp, node);
3061 STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3063 check_slabp(cachep, slabp);
3065 /* fixup slab chains */
3066 if (slabp->inuse == 0) {
3067 if (l3->free_objects > l3->free_limit) {
3068 l3->free_objects -= cachep->num;
3069 slab_destroy(cachep, slabp);
3071 list_add(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_free);
3074 /* Unconditionally move a slab to the end of the
3075 * partial list on free - maximum time for the
3076 * other objects to be freed, too.
3078 list_add_tail(&slabp->list, &l3->slabs_partial);
3083 static void cache_flusharray(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac)
3086 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3087 int node = numa_node_id();
3089 batchcount = ac->batchcount;
3091 BUG_ON(!batchcount || batchcount > ac->avail);
3094 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3095 spin_lock(&l3->list_lock);
3097 struct array_cache *shared_array = l3->shared;
3098 int max = shared_array->limit - shared_array->avail;
3100 if (batchcount > max)
3102 memcpy(&(shared_array->entry[shared_array->avail]),
3103 ac->entry, sizeof(void *) * batchcount);
3104 shared_array->avail += batchcount;
3109 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, batchcount, node);
3114 struct list_head *p;
3116 p = l3->slabs_free.next;
3117 while (p != &(l3->slabs_free)) {
3120 slabp = list_entry(p, struct slab, list);
3121 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse);
3126 STATS_SET_FREEABLE(cachep, i);
3129 spin_unlock(&l3->list_lock);
3130 ac->avail -= batchcount;
3131 memmove(ac->entry, &(ac->entry[batchcount]), sizeof(void *)*ac->avail);
3135 * Release an obj back to its cache. If the obj has a constructed state, it must
3136 * be in this state _before_ it is released. Called with disabled ints.
3138 static inline void __cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
3140 struct array_cache *ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3143 objp = cache_free_debugcheck(cachep, objp, __builtin_return_address(0));
3145 if (cache_free_alien(cachep, objp))
3148 if (likely(ac->avail < ac->limit)) {
3149 STATS_INC_FREEHIT(cachep);
3150 ac->entry[ac->avail++] = objp;
3153 STATS_INC_FREEMISS(cachep);
3154 cache_flusharray(cachep, ac);
3155 ac->entry[ac->avail++] = objp;
3160 * kmem_cache_alloc - Allocate an object
3161 * @cachep: The cache to allocate from.
3162 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3164 * Allocate an object from this cache. The flags are only relevant
3165 * if the cache has no available objects.
3167 void *kmem_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3169 return __cache_alloc(cachep, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
3171 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc);
3174 * kmem_cache_alloc - Allocate an object. The memory is set to zero.
3175 * @cache: The cache to allocate from.
3176 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3178 * Allocate an object from this cache and set the allocated memory to zero.
3179 * The flags are only relevant if the cache has no available objects.
3181 void *kmem_cache_zalloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, gfp_t flags)
3183 void *ret = __cache_alloc(cache, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
3185 memset(ret, 0, obj_size(cache));
3188 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_zalloc);
3191 * kmem_ptr_validate - check if an untrusted pointer might
3193 * @cachep: the cache we're checking against
3194 * @ptr: pointer to validate
3196 * This verifies that the untrusted pointer looks sane:
3197 * it is _not_ a guarantee that the pointer is actually
3198 * part of the slab cache in question, but it at least
3199 * validates that the pointer can be dereferenced and
3200 * looks half-way sane.
3202 * Currently only used for dentry validation.
3204 int fastcall kmem_ptr_validate(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *ptr)
3206 unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)ptr;
3207 unsigned long min_addr = PAGE_OFFSET;
3208 unsigned long align_mask = BYTES_PER_WORD - 1;
3209 unsigned long size = cachep->buffer_size;
3212 if (unlikely(addr < min_addr))
3214 if (unlikely(addr > (unsigned long)high_memory - size))
3216 if (unlikely(addr & align_mask))
3218 if (unlikely(!kern_addr_valid(addr)))
3220 if (unlikely(!kern_addr_valid(addr + size - 1)))
3222 page = virt_to_page(ptr);
3223 if (unlikely(!PageSlab(page)))
3225 if (unlikely(page_get_cache(page) != cachep))
3234 * kmem_cache_alloc_node - Allocate an object on the specified node
3235 * @cachep: The cache to allocate from.
3236 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3237 * @nodeid: node number of the target node.
3239 * Identical to kmem_cache_alloc, except that this function is slow
3240 * and can sleep. And it will allocate memory on the given node, which
3241 * can improve the performance for cpu bound structures.
3242 * New and improved: it will now make sure that the object gets
3243 * put on the correct node list so that there is no false sharing.
3245 void *kmem_cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
3247 unsigned long save_flags;
3250 cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(cachep, flags);
3251 local_irq_save(save_flags);
3253 if (nodeid == -1 || nodeid == numa_node_id() ||
3254 !cachep->nodelists[nodeid])
3255 ptr = ____cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3257 ptr = __cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid);
3258 local_irq_restore(save_flags);
3260 ptr = cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(cachep, flags, ptr,
3261 __builtin_return_address(0));
3265 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_node);
3267 void *kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
3269 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3271 cachep = kmem_find_general_cachep(size, flags);
3272 if (unlikely(cachep == NULL))
3274 return kmem_cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, node);
3276 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmalloc_node);
3280 * __do_kmalloc - allocate memory
3281 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
3282 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
3283 * @caller: function caller for debug tracking of the caller
3285 static __always_inline void *__do_kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags,
3288 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3290 /* If you want to save a few bytes .text space: replace
3292 * Then kmalloc uses the uninlined functions instead of the inline
3295 cachep = __find_general_cachep(size, flags);
3296 if (unlikely(cachep == NULL))
3298 return __cache_alloc(cachep, flags, caller);
3302 void *__kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
3304 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB
3305 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, NULL);
3307 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
3310 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc);
3312 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB
3313 void *__kmalloc_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t flags, void *caller)
3315 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, caller);
3317 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_track_caller);
3322 * __alloc_percpu - allocate one copy of the object for every present
3323 * cpu in the system, zeroing them.
3324 * Objects should be dereferenced using the per_cpu_ptr macro only.
3326 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
3328 void *__alloc_percpu(size_t size)
3331 struct percpu_data *pdata = kmalloc(sizeof(*pdata), GFP_KERNEL);
3337 * Cannot use for_each_online_cpu since a cpu may come online
3338 * and we have no way of figuring out how to fix the array
3339 * that we have allocated then....
3341 for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
3342 int node = cpu_to_node(i);
3344 if (node_online(node))
3345 pdata->ptrs[i] = kmalloc_node(size, GFP_KERNEL, node);
3347 pdata->ptrs[i] = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
3349 if (!pdata->ptrs[i])
3351 memset(pdata->ptrs[i], 0, size);
3354 /* Catch derefs w/o wrappers */
3355 return (void *)(~(unsigned long)pdata);
3359 if (!cpu_possible(i))
3361 kfree(pdata->ptrs[i]);
3366 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_percpu);
3370 * kmem_cache_free - Deallocate an object
3371 * @cachep: The cache the allocation was from.
3372 * @objp: The previously allocated object.
3374 * Free an object which was previously allocated from this
3377 void kmem_cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
3379 unsigned long flags;
3381 BUG_ON(virt_to_cache(objp) != cachep);
3383 local_irq_save(flags);
3384 __cache_free(cachep, objp);
3385 local_irq_restore(flags);
3387 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_free);
3390 * kfree - free previously allocated memory
3391 * @objp: pointer returned by kmalloc.
3393 * If @objp is NULL, no operation is performed.
3395 * Don't free memory not originally allocated by kmalloc()
3396 * or you will run into trouble.
3398 void kfree(const void *objp)
3400 struct kmem_cache *c;
3401 unsigned long flags;
3403 if (unlikely(!objp))
3405 local_irq_save(flags);
3406 kfree_debugcheck(objp);
3407 c = virt_to_cache(objp);
3408 mutex_debug_check_no_locks_freed(objp, obj_size(c));
3409 __cache_free(c, (void *)objp);
3410 local_irq_restore(flags);
3412 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kfree);
3416 * free_percpu - free previously allocated percpu memory
3417 * @objp: pointer returned by alloc_percpu.
3419 * Don't free memory not originally allocated by alloc_percpu()
3420 * The complemented objp is to check for that.
3422 void free_percpu(const void *objp)
3425 struct percpu_data *p = (struct percpu_data *)(~(unsigned long)objp);
3428 * We allocate for all cpus so we cannot use for online cpu here.
3430 for_each_possible_cpu(i)
3434 EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_percpu);
3437 unsigned int kmem_cache_size(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
3439 return obj_size(cachep);
3441 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_size);
3443 const char *kmem_cache_name(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
3445 return cachep->name;
3447 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kmem_cache_name);
3450 * This initializes kmem_list3 or resizes varioius caches for all nodes.
3452 static int alloc_kmemlist(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
3455 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3456 struct array_cache *new_shared;
3457 struct array_cache **new_alien;
3459 for_each_online_node(node) {
3461 new_alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit);
3465 new_shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
3466 cachep->shared*cachep->batchcount,
3469 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
3473 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3475 struct array_cache *shared = l3->shared;
3477 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3480 free_block(cachep, shared->entry,
3481 shared->avail, node);
3483 l3->shared = new_shared;
3485 l3->alien = new_alien;
3488 l3->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
3489 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
3490 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3492 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
3495 l3 = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_list3), GFP_KERNEL, node);
3497 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
3502 kmem_list3_init(l3);
3503 l3->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3 +
3504 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
3505 l3->shared = new_shared;
3506 l3->alien = new_alien;
3507 l3->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
3508 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
3509 cachep->nodelists[node] = l3;
3514 if (!cachep->next.next) {
3515 /* Cache is not active yet. Roll back what we did */
3518 if (cachep->nodelists[node]) {
3519 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3522 free_alien_cache(l3->alien);
3524 cachep->nodelists[node] = NULL;
3532 struct ccupdate_struct {
3533 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3534 struct array_cache *new[NR_CPUS];
3537 static void do_ccupdate_local(void *info)
3539 struct ccupdate_struct *new = info;
3540 struct array_cache *old;
3543 old = cpu_cache_get(new->cachep);
3545 new->cachep->array[smp_processor_id()] = new->new[smp_processor_id()];
3546 new->new[smp_processor_id()] = old;
3549 /* Always called with the cache_chain_mutex held */
3550 static int do_tune_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int limit,
3551 int batchcount, int shared)
3553 struct ccupdate_struct new;
3556 memset(&new.new, 0, sizeof(new.new));
3557 for_each_online_cpu(i) {
3558 new.new[i] = alloc_arraycache(cpu_to_node(i), limit,
3561 for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
3566 new.cachep = cachep;
3568 on_each_cpu(do_ccupdate_local, (void *)&new, 1, 1);
3571 cachep->batchcount = batchcount;
3572 cachep->limit = limit;
3573 cachep->shared = shared;
3575 for_each_online_cpu(i) {
3576 struct array_cache *ccold = new.new[i];
3579 spin_lock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[cpu_to_node(i)]->list_lock);
3580 free_block(cachep, ccold->entry, ccold->avail, cpu_to_node(i));
3581 spin_unlock_irq(&cachep->nodelists[cpu_to_node(i)]->list_lock);
3585 err = alloc_kmemlist(cachep);
3587 printk(KERN_ERR "alloc_kmemlist failed for %s, error %d.\n",
3588 cachep->name, -err);
3594 /* Called with cache_chain_mutex held always */
3595 static void enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
3601 * The head array serves three purposes:
3602 * - create a LIFO ordering, i.e. return objects that are cache-warm
3603 * - reduce the number of spinlock operations.
3604 * - reduce the number of linked list operations on the slab and
3605 * bufctl chains: array operations are cheaper.
3606 * The numbers are guessed, we should auto-tune as described by
3609 if (cachep->buffer_size > 131072)
3611 else if (cachep->buffer_size > PAGE_SIZE)
3613 else if (cachep->buffer_size > 1024)
3615 else if (cachep->buffer_size > 256)
3621 * CPU bound tasks (e.g. network routing) can exhibit cpu bound
3622 * allocation behaviour: Most allocs on one cpu, most free operations
3623 * on another cpu. For these cases, an efficient object passing between
3624 * cpus is necessary. This is provided by a shared array. The array
3625 * replaces Bonwick's magazine layer.
3626 * On uniprocessor, it's functionally equivalent (but less efficient)
3627 * to a larger limit. Thus disabled by default.
3631 if (cachep->buffer_size <= PAGE_SIZE)
3637 * With debugging enabled, large batchcount lead to excessively long
3638 * periods with disabled local interrupts. Limit the batchcount
3643 err = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit, (limit + 1) / 2, shared);
3645 printk(KERN_ERR "enable_cpucache failed for %s, error %d.\n",
3646 cachep->name, -err);
3650 * Drain an array if it contains any elements taking the l3 lock only if
3651 * necessary. Note that the l3 listlock also protects the array_cache
3652 * if drain_array() is used on the shared array.
3654 void drain_array(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_list3 *l3,
3655 struct array_cache *ac, int force, int node)
3659 if (!ac || !ac->avail)
3661 if (ac->touched && !force) {
3664 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3666 tofree = force ? ac->avail : (ac->limit + 4) / 5;
3667 if (tofree > ac->avail)
3668 tofree = (ac->avail + 1) / 2;
3669 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, tofree, node);
3670 ac->avail -= tofree;
3671 memmove(ac->entry, &(ac->entry[tofree]),
3672 sizeof(void *) * ac->avail);
3674 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3679 * cache_reap - Reclaim memory from caches.
3680 * @unused: unused parameter
3682 * Called from workqueue/eventd every few seconds.
3684 * - clear the per-cpu caches for this CPU.
3685 * - return freeable pages to the main free memory pool.
3687 * If we cannot acquire the cache chain mutex then just give up - we'll try
3688 * again on the next iteration.
3690 static void cache_reap(void *unused)
3692 struct kmem_cache *searchp;
3693 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3694 int node = numa_node_id();
3696 if (!mutex_trylock(&cache_chain_mutex)) {
3697 /* Give up. Setup the next iteration. */
3698 schedule_delayed_work(&__get_cpu_var(reap_work),
3703 list_for_each_entry(searchp, &cache_chain, next) {
3704 struct list_head *p;
3711 * We only take the l3 lock if absolutely necessary and we
3712 * have established with reasonable certainty that
3713 * we can do some work if the lock was obtained.
3715 l3 = searchp->nodelists[node];
3717 reap_alien(searchp, l3);
3719 drain_array(searchp, l3, cpu_cache_get(searchp), 0, node);
3722 * These are racy checks but it does not matter
3723 * if we skip one check or scan twice.
3725 if (time_after(l3->next_reap, jiffies))
3728 l3->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_LIST3;
3730 drain_array(searchp, l3, l3->shared, 0, node);
3732 if (l3->free_touched) {
3733 l3->free_touched = 0;
3737 tofree = (l3->free_limit + 5 * searchp->num - 1) /
3741 * Do not lock if there are no free blocks.
3743 if (list_empty(&l3->slabs_free))
3746 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3747 p = l3->slabs_free.next;
3748 if (p == &(l3->slabs_free)) {
3749 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3753 slabp = list_entry(p, struct slab, list);
3754 BUG_ON(slabp->inuse);
3755 list_del(&slabp->list);
3756 STATS_INC_REAPED(searchp);
3759 * Safe to drop the lock. The slab is no longer linked
3760 * to the cache. searchp cannot disappear, we hold
3763 l3->free_objects -= searchp->num;
3764 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3765 slab_destroy(searchp, slabp);
3766 } while (--tofree > 0);
3771 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
3773 /* Set up the next iteration */
3774 schedule_delayed_work(&__get_cpu_var(reap_work), REAPTIMEOUT_CPUC);
3777 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
3779 static void print_slabinfo_header(struct seq_file *m)
3782 * Output format version, so at least we can change it
3783 * without _too_ many complaints.
3786 seq_puts(m, "slabinfo - version: 2.1 (statistics)\n");
3788 seq_puts(m, "slabinfo - version: 2.1\n");
3790 seq_puts(m, "# name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> "
3791 "<objperslab> <pagesperslab>");
3792 seq_puts(m, " : tunables <limit> <batchcount> <sharedfactor>");
3793 seq_puts(m, " : slabdata <active_slabs> <num_slabs> <sharedavail>");
3795 seq_puts(m, " : globalstat <listallocs> <maxobjs> <grown> <reaped> "
3796 "<error> <maxfreeable> <nodeallocs> <remotefrees> <alienoverflow>");
3797 seq_puts(m, " : cpustat <allochit> <allocmiss> <freehit> <freemiss>");
3802 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
3805 struct list_head *p;
3807 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
3809 print_slabinfo_header(m);
3810 p = cache_chain.next;
3813 if (p == &cache_chain)
3816 return list_entry(p, struct kmem_cache, next);
3819 static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
3821 struct kmem_cache *cachep = p;
3823 return cachep->next.next == &cache_chain ?
3824 NULL : list_entry(cachep->next.next, struct kmem_cache, next);
3827 static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
3829 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
3832 static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
3834 struct kmem_cache *cachep = p;
3836 unsigned long active_objs;
3837 unsigned long num_objs;
3838 unsigned long active_slabs = 0;
3839 unsigned long num_slabs, free_objects = 0, shared_avail = 0;
3843 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
3847 for_each_online_node(node) {
3848 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
3853 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3855 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_full, list) {
3856 if (slabp->inuse != cachep->num && !error)
3857 error = "slabs_full accounting error";
3858 active_objs += cachep->num;
3861 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_partial, list) {
3862 if (slabp->inuse == cachep->num && !error)
3863 error = "slabs_partial inuse accounting error";
3864 if (!slabp->inuse && !error)
3865 error = "slabs_partial/inuse accounting error";
3866 active_objs += slabp->inuse;
3869 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_free, list) {
3870 if (slabp->inuse && !error)
3871 error = "slabs_free/inuse accounting error";
3874 free_objects += l3->free_objects;
3876 shared_avail += l3->shared->avail;
3878 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
3880 num_slabs += active_slabs;
3881 num_objs = num_slabs * cachep->num;
3882 if (num_objs - active_objs != free_objects && !error)
3883 error = "free_objects accounting error";
3885 name = cachep->name;
3887 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: cache %s error: %s\n", name, error);
3889 seq_printf(m, "%-17s %6lu %6lu %6u %4u %4d",
3890 name, active_objs, num_objs, cachep->buffer_size,
3891 cachep->num, (1 << cachep->gfporder));
3892 seq_printf(m, " : tunables %4u %4u %4u",
3893 cachep->limit, cachep->batchcount, cachep->shared);
3894 seq_printf(m, " : slabdata %6lu %6lu %6lu",
3895 active_slabs, num_slabs, shared_avail);
3898 unsigned long high = cachep->high_mark;
3899 unsigned long allocs = cachep->num_allocations;
3900 unsigned long grown = cachep->grown;
3901 unsigned long reaped = cachep->reaped;
3902 unsigned long errors = cachep->errors;
3903 unsigned long max_freeable = cachep->max_freeable;
3904 unsigned long node_allocs = cachep->node_allocs;
3905 unsigned long node_frees = cachep->node_frees;
3906 unsigned long overflows = cachep->node_overflow;
3908 seq_printf(m, " : globalstat %7lu %6lu %5lu %4lu \
3909 %4lu %4lu %4lu %4lu %4lu", allocs, high, grown,
3910 reaped, errors, max_freeable, node_allocs,
3911 node_frees, overflows);
3915 unsigned long allochit = atomic_read(&cachep->allochit);
3916 unsigned long allocmiss = atomic_read(&cachep->allocmiss);
3917 unsigned long freehit = atomic_read(&cachep->freehit);
3918 unsigned long freemiss = atomic_read(&cachep->freemiss);
3920 seq_printf(m, " : cpustat %6lu %6lu %6lu %6lu",
3921 allochit, allocmiss, freehit, freemiss);
3929 * slabinfo_op - iterator that generates /proc/slabinfo
3938 * num-pages-per-slab
3939 * + further values on SMP and with statistics enabled
3942 struct seq_operations slabinfo_op = {
3949 #define MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE 128
3951 * slabinfo_write - Tuning for the slab allocator
3953 * @buffer: user buffer
3954 * @count: data length
3957 ssize_t slabinfo_write(struct file *file, const char __user * buffer,
3958 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
3960 char kbuf[MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE + 1], *tmp;
3961 int limit, batchcount, shared, res;
3962 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3964 if (count > MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE)
3966 if (copy_from_user(&kbuf, buffer, count))
3968 kbuf[MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE] = '\0';
3970 tmp = strchr(kbuf, ' ');
3975 if (sscanf(tmp, " %d %d %d", &limit, &batchcount, &shared) != 3)
3978 /* Find the cache in the chain of caches. */
3979 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
3981 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &cache_chain, next) {
3982 if (!strcmp(cachep->name, kbuf)) {
3983 if (limit < 1 || batchcount < 1 ||
3984 batchcount > limit || shared < 0) {
3987 res = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit,
3988 batchcount, shared);
3993 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
3999 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
4001 static void *leaks_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
4004 struct list_head *p;
4006 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
4007 p = cache_chain.next;
4010 if (p == &cache_chain)
4013 return list_entry(p, struct kmem_cache, next);
4016 static inline int add_caller(unsigned long *n, unsigned long v)
4026 unsigned long *q = p + 2 * i;
4040 memmove(p + 2, p, n[1] * 2 * sizeof(unsigned long) - ((void *)p - (void *)n));
4046 static void handle_slab(unsigned long *n, struct kmem_cache *c, struct slab *s)
4052 for (i = 0, p = s->s_mem; i < c->num; i++, p += c->buffer_size) {
4053 if (slab_bufctl(s)[i] != BUFCTL_ACTIVE)
4055 if (!add_caller(n, (unsigned long)*dbg_userword(c, p)))
4060 static void show_symbol(struct seq_file *m, unsigned long address)
4062 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
4065 unsigned long offset, size;
4066 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN+1];
4068 name = kallsyms_lookup(address, &size, &offset, &modname, namebuf);
4071 seq_printf(m, "%s+%#lx/%#lx", name, offset, size);
4073 seq_printf(m, " [%s]", modname);
4077 seq_printf(m, "%p", (void *)address);
4080 static int leaks_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4082 struct kmem_cache *cachep = p;
4084 struct kmem_list3 *l3;
4086 unsigned long *n = m->private;
4090 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
4092 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE))
4095 /* OK, we can do it */
4099 for_each_online_node(node) {
4100 l3 = cachep->nodelists[node];
4105 spin_lock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4107 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_full, list)
4108 handle_slab(n, cachep, slabp);
4109 list_for_each_entry(slabp, &l3->slabs_partial, list)
4110 handle_slab(n, cachep, slabp);
4111 spin_unlock_irq(&l3->list_lock);
4113 name = cachep->name;
4115 /* Increase the buffer size */
4116 mutex_unlock(&cache_chain_mutex);
4117 m->private = kzalloc(n[0] * 4 * sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_KERNEL);
4119 /* Too bad, we are really out */
4121 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
4124 *(unsigned long *)m->private = n[0] * 2;
4126 mutex_lock(&cache_chain_mutex);
4127 /* Now make sure this entry will be retried */
4131 for (i = 0; i < n[1]; i++) {
4132 seq_printf(m, "%s: %lu ", name, n[2*i+3]);
4133 show_symbol(m, n[2*i+2]);
4139 struct seq_operations slabstats_op = {
4140 .start = leaks_start,
4149 * ksize - get the actual amount of memory allocated for a given object
4150 * @objp: Pointer to the object
4152 * kmalloc may internally round up allocations and return more memory
4153 * than requested. ksize() can be used to determine the actual amount of
4154 * memory allocated. The caller may use this additional memory, even though
4155 * a smaller amount of memory was initially specified with the kmalloc call.
4156 * The caller must guarantee that objp points to a valid object previously
4157 * allocated with either kmalloc() or kmem_cache_alloc(). The object
4158 * must not be freed during the duration of the call.
4160 unsigned int ksize(const void *objp)
4162 if (unlikely(objp == NULL))
4165 return obj_size(virt_to_cache(objp));