2 * Atmel AT45xxx DataFlash MTD driver for lightweight SPI framework
4 * Largely derived from at91_dataflash.c:
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 SAN People (Pty) Ltd
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
10 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/slab.h>
15 #include <linux/delay.h>
16 #include <linux/device.h>
17 #include <linux/mutex.h>
18 #include <linux/err.h>
20 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
21 #include <linux/spi/flash.h>
23 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
24 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
28 * DataFlash is a kind of SPI flash. Most AT45 chips have two buffers in
29 * each chip, which may be used for double buffered I/O; but this driver
30 * doesn't (yet) use these for any kind of i/o overlap or prefetching.
32 * Sometimes DataFlash is packaged in MMC-format cards, although the
33 * MMC stack can't use SPI (yet), or distinguish between MMC and DataFlash
34 * protocols during enumeration.
37 #define CONFIG_DATAFLASH_WRITE_VERIFY
39 /* reads can bypass the buffers */
40 #define OP_READ_CONTINUOUS 0xE8
41 #define OP_READ_PAGE 0xD2
43 /* group B requests can run even while status reports "busy" */
44 #define OP_READ_STATUS 0xD7 /* group B */
46 /* move data between host and buffer */
47 #define OP_READ_BUFFER1 0xD4 /* group B */
48 #define OP_READ_BUFFER2 0xD6 /* group B */
49 #define OP_WRITE_BUFFER1 0x84 /* group B */
50 #define OP_WRITE_BUFFER2 0x87 /* group B */
53 #define OP_ERASE_PAGE 0x81
54 #define OP_ERASE_BLOCK 0x50
56 /* move data between buffer and flash */
57 #define OP_TRANSFER_BUF1 0x53
58 #define OP_TRANSFER_BUF2 0x55
59 #define OP_MREAD_BUFFER1 0xD4
60 #define OP_MREAD_BUFFER2 0xD6
61 #define OP_MWERASE_BUFFER1 0x83
62 #define OP_MWERASE_BUFFER2 0x86
63 #define OP_MWRITE_BUFFER1 0x88 /* sector must be pre-erased */
64 #define OP_MWRITE_BUFFER2 0x89 /* sector must be pre-erased */
66 /* write to buffer, then write-erase to flash */
67 #define OP_PROGRAM_VIA_BUF1 0x82
68 #define OP_PROGRAM_VIA_BUF2 0x85
70 /* compare buffer to flash */
71 #define OP_COMPARE_BUF1 0x60
72 #define OP_COMPARE_BUF2 0x61
74 /* read flash to buffer, then write-erase to flash */
75 #define OP_REWRITE_VIA_BUF1 0x58
76 #define OP_REWRITE_VIA_BUF2 0x59
78 /* newer chips report JEDEC manufacturer and device IDs; chip
79 * serial number and OTP bits; and per-sector writeprotect.
81 #define OP_READ_ID 0x9F
82 #define OP_READ_SECURITY 0x77
83 #define OP_WRITE_SECURITY 0x9A /* OTP bits */
90 unsigned partitioned:1;
92 unsigned short page_offset; /* offset in flash address */
93 unsigned int page_size; /* of bytes per page */
96 struct spi_device *spi;
101 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
102 #define mtd_has_partitions() (1)
104 #define mtd_has_partitions() (0)
107 /* ......................................................................... */
110 * Return the status of the DataFlash device.
112 static inline int dataflash_status(struct spi_device *spi)
114 /* NOTE: at45db321c over 25 MHz wants to write
115 * a dummy byte after the opcode...
117 return spi_w8r8(spi, OP_READ_STATUS);
121 * Poll the DataFlash device until it is READY.
122 * This usually takes 5-20 msec or so; more for sector erase.
124 static int dataflash_waitready(struct spi_device *spi)
129 status = dataflash_status(spi);
131 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: status %d?\n",
132 spi->dev.bus_id, status);
136 if (status & (1 << 7)) /* RDY/nBSY */
143 /* ......................................................................... */
146 * Erase pages of flash.
148 static int dataflash_erase(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info *instr)
150 struct dataflash *priv = (struct dataflash *)mtd->priv;
151 struct spi_device *spi = priv->spi;
152 struct spi_transfer x = { .tx_dma = 0, };
153 struct spi_message msg;
154 unsigned blocksize = priv->page_size << 3;
157 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2, "%s: erase addr=0x%x len 0x%x\n",
159 instr->addr, instr->len);
162 if ((instr->addr + instr->len) > mtd->size
163 || (instr->len % priv->page_size) != 0
164 || (instr->addr % priv->page_size) != 0)
167 spi_message_init(&msg);
169 x.tx_buf = command = priv->command;
171 spi_message_add_tail(&x, &msg);
173 mutex_lock(&priv->lock);
174 while (instr->len > 0) {
175 unsigned int pageaddr;
179 /* Calculate flash page address; use block erase (for speed) if
180 * we're at a block boundary and need to erase the whole block.
182 pageaddr = instr->addr / priv->page_size;
183 do_block = (pageaddr & 0x7) == 0 && instr->len >= blocksize;
184 pageaddr = pageaddr << priv->page_offset;
186 command[0] = do_block ? OP_ERASE_BLOCK : OP_ERASE_PAGE;
187 command[1] = (uint8_t)(pageaddr >> 16);
188 command[2] = (uint8_t)(pageaddr >> 8);
191 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3, "ERASE %s: (%x) %x %x %x [%i]\n",
192 do_block ? "block" : "page",
193 command[0], command[1], command[2], command[3],
196 status = spi_sync(spi, &msg);
197 (void) dataflash_waitready(spi);
200 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: erase %x, err %d\n",
201 spi->dev.bus_id, pageaddr, status);
202 /* REVISIT: can retry instr->retries times; or
203 * giveup and instr->fail_addr = instr->addr;
209 instr->addr += blocksize;
210 instr->len -= blocksize;
212 instr->addr += priv->page_size;
213 instr->len -= priv->page_size;
216 mutex_unlock(&priv->lock);
218 /* Inform MTD subsystem that erase is complete */
219 instr->state = MTD_ERASE_DONE;
220 mtd_erase_callback(instr);
226 * Read from the DataFlash device.
227 * from : Start offset in flash device
228 * len : Amount to read
229 * retlen : About of data actually read
230 * buf : Buffer containing the data
232 static int dataflash_read(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from, size_t len,
233 size_t *retlen, u_char *buf)
235 struct dataflash *priv = (struct dataflash *)mtd->priv;
236 struct spi_transfer x[2] = { { .tx_dma = 0, }, };
237 struct spi_message msg;
242 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2, "%s: read 0x%x..0x%x\n",
243 priv->spi->dev.bus_id, (unsigned)from, (unsigned)(from + len));
250 if (from + len > mtd->size)
253 /* Calculate flash page/byte address */
254 addr = (((unsigned)from / priv->page_size) << priv->page_offset)
255 + ((unsigned)from % priv->page_size);
257 command = priv->command;
259 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3, "READ: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
260 command[0], command[1], command[2], command[3]);
262 spi_message_init(&msg);
264 x[0].tx_buf = command;
266 spi_message_add_tail(&x[0], &msg);
270 spi_message_add_tail(&x[1], &msg);
272 mutex_lock(&priv->lock);
274 /* Continuous read, max clock = f(car) which may be less than
275 * the peak rate available. Some chips support commands with
276 * fewer "don't care" bytes. Both buffers stay unchanged.
278 command[0] = OP_READ_CONTINUOUS;
279 command[1] = (uint8_t)(addr >> 16);
280 command[2] = (uint8_t)(addr >> 8);
281 command[3] = (uint8_t)(addr >> 0);
282 /* plus 4 "don't care" bytes */
284 status = spi_sync(priv->spi, &msg);
285 mutex_unlock(&priv->lock);
288 *retlen = msg.actual_length - 8;
291 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: read %x..%x --> %d\n",
292 priv->spi->dev.bus_id,
293 (unsigned)from, (unsigned)(from + len),
299 * Write to the DataFlash device.
300 * to : Start offset in flash device
301 * len : Amount to write
302 * retlen : Amount of data actually written
303 * buf : Buffer containing the data
305 static int dataflash_write(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len,
306 size_t * retlen, const u_char * buf)
308 struct dataflash *priv = (struct dataflash *)mtd->priv;
309 struct spi_device *spi = priv->spi;
310 struct spi_transfer x[2] = { { .tx_dma = 0, }, };
311 struct spi_message msg;
312 unsigned int pageaddr, addr, offset, writelen;
313 size_t remaining = len;
314 u_char *writebuf = (u_char *) buf;
315 int status = -EINVAL;
318 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2, "%s: write 0x%x..0x%x\n",
319 spi->dev.bus_id, (unsigned)to, (unsigned)(to + len));
326 if ((to + len) > mtd->size)
329 spi_message_init(&msg);
331 x[0].tx_buf = command = priv->command;
333 spi_message_add_tail(&x[0], &msg);
335 pageaddr = ((unsigned)to / priv->page_size);
336 offset = ((unsigned)to % priv->page_size);
337 if (offset + len > priv->page_size)
338 writelen = priv->page_size - offset;
342 mutex_lock(&priv->lock);
343 while (remaining > 0) {
344 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3, "write @ %i:%i len=%i\n",
345 pageaddr, offset, writelen);
348 * (a) each page in a sector must be rewritten at least
349 * once every 10K sibling erase/program operations.
350 * (b) for pages that are already erased, we could
351 * use WRITE+MWRITE not PROGRAM for ~30% speedup.
352 * (c) WRITE to buffer could be done while waiting for
353 * a previous MWRITE/MWERASE to complete ...
354 * (d) error handling here seems to be mostly missing.
356 * Two persistent bits per page, plus a per-sector counter,
357 * could support (a) and (b) ... we might consider using
358 * the second half of sector zero, which is just one block,
359 * to track that state. (On AT91, that sector should also
360 * support boot-from-DataFlash.)
363 addr = pageaddr << priv->page_offset;
365 /* (1) Maybe transfer partial page to Buffer1 */
366 if (writelen != priv->page_size) {
367 command[0] = OP_TRANSFER_BUF1;
368 command[1] = (addr & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
369 command[2] = (addr & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
372 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3, "TRANSFER: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
373 command[0], command[1], command[2], command[3]);
375 status = spi_sync(spi, &msg);
377 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: xfer %u -> %d \n",
378 spi->dev.bus_id, addr, status);
380 (void) dataflash_waitready(priv->spi);
383 /* (2) Program full page via Buffer1 */
385 command[0] = OP_PROGRAM_VIA_BUF1;
386 command[1] = (addr & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
387 command[2] = (addr & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
388 command[3] = (addr & 0x000000FF);
390 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3, "PROGRAM: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
391 command[0], command[1], command[2], command[3]);
393 x[1].tx_buf = writebuf;
395 spi_message_add_tail(x + 1, &msg);
396 status = spi_sync(spi, &msg);
397 spi_transfer_del(x + 1);
399 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: pgm %u/%u -> %d \n",
400 spi->dev.bus_id, addr, writelen, status);
402 (void) dataflash_waitready(priv->spi);
405 #ifdef CONFIG_DATAFLASH_WRITE_VERIFY
407 /* (3) Compare to Buffer1 */
408 addr = pageaddr << priv->page_offset;
409 command[0] = OP_COMPARE_BUF1;
410 command[1] = (addr & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
411 command[2] = (addr & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
414 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3, "COMPARE: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
415 command[0], command[1], command[2], command[3]);
417 status = spi_sync(spi, &msg);
419 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: compare %u -> %d \n",
420 spi->dev.bus_id, addr, status);
422 status = dataflash_waitready(priv->spi);
424 /* Check result of the compare operation */
425 if (status & (1 << 6)) {
426 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: compare page %u, err %d\n",
427 spi->dev.bus_id, pageaddr, status);
434 #endif /* CONFIG_DATAFLASH_WRITE_VERIFY */
436 remaining = remaining - writelen;
439 writebuf += writelen;
442 if (remaining > priv->page_size)
443 writelen = priv->page_size;
445 writelen = remaining;
447 mutex_unlock(&priv->lock);
452 /* ......................................................................... */
455 * Register DataFlash device with MTD subsystem.
458 add_dataflash(struct spi_device *spi, char *name,
459 int nr_pages, int pagesize, int pageoffset)
461 struct dataflash *priv;
462 struct mtd_info *device;
463 struct flash_platform_data *pdata = spi->dev.platform_data;
465 priv = kzalloc(sizeof *priv, GFP_KERNEL);
469 mutex_init(&priv->lock);
471 priv->page_size = pagesize;
472 priv->page_offset = pageoffset;
474 /* name must be usable with cmdlinepart */
475 sprintf(priv->name, "spi%d.%d-%s",
476 spi->master->bus_num, spi->chip_select,
480 device->name = (pdata && pdata->name) ? pdata->name : priv->name;
481 device->size = nr_pages * pagesize;
482 device->erasesize = pagesize;
483 device->writesize = pagesize;
484 device->owner = THIS_MODULE;
485 device->type = MTD_DATAFLASH;
486 device->flags = MTD_WRITEABLE;
487 device->erase = dataflash_erase;
488 device->read = dataflash_read;
489 device->write = dataflash_write;
492 dev_info(&spi->dev, "%s (%d KBytes) pagesize %d bytes\n",
493 name, DIV_ROUND_UP(device->size, 1024), pagesize);
494 dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, priv);
496 if (mtd_has_partitions()) {
497 struct mtd_partition *parts;
500 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS
501 static const char *part_probes[] = { "cmdlinepart", NULL, };
503 nr_parts = parse_mtd_partitions(device, part_probes, &parts, 0);
506 if (nr_parts <= 0 && pdata && pdata->parts) {
507 parts = pdata->parts;
508 nr_parts = pdata->nr_parts;
512 priv->partitioned = 1;
513 return add_mtd_partitions(device, parts, nr_parts);
515 } else if (pdata && pdata->nr_parts)
516 dev_warn(&spi->dev, "ignoring %d default partitions on %s\n",
517 pdata->nr_parts, device->name);
519 return add_mtd_device(device) == 1 ? -ENODEV : 0;
525 /* JEDEC id has a high byte of zero plus three data bytes:
526 * the manufacturer id, then a two byte device id.
530 /* The size listed here is what works with OP_ERASE_PAGE. */
536 #define SUP_POW2PS 0x0002 /* supports 2^N byte pages */
537 #define IS_POW2PS 0x0001 /* uses 2^N byte pages */
540 static struct flash_info __devinitdata dataflash_data [] = {
543 * NOTE: chips with SUP_POW2PS (rev D and up) need two entries,
544 * one with IS_POW2PS and the other without. The entry with the
545 * non-2^N byte page size can't name exact chip revisions without
546 * losing backwards compatibility for cmdlinepart.
548 * These newer chips also support 128-byte security registers (with
549 * 64 bytes one-time-programmable) and software write-protection.
551 { "AT45DB011B", 0x1f2200, 512, 264, 9, SUP_POW2PS},
552 { "at45db011d", 0x1f2200, 512, 256, 8, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
554 { "AT45DB021B", 0x1f2300, 1024, 264, 9, SUP_POW2PS},
555 { "at45db021d", 0x1f2300, 1024, 256, 8, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
557 { "AT45DB041x", 0x1f2400, 2048, 264, 9, SUP_POW2PS},
558 { "at45db041d", 0x1f2400, 2048, 256, 8, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
560 { "AT45DB081B", 0x1f2500, 4096, 264, 9, SUP_POW2PS},
561 { "at45db081d", 0x1f2500, 4096, 256, 8, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
563 { "AT45DB161x", 0x1f2600, 4096, 528, 10, SUP_POW2PS},
564 { "at45db161d", 0x1f2600, 4096, 512, 9, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
566 { "AT45DB321x", 0x1f2700, 8192, 528, 10, 0}, /* rev C */
568 { "AT45DB321x", 0x1f2701, 8192, 528, 10, SUP_POW2PS},
569 { "at45db321d", 0x1f2701, 8192, 512, 9, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
571 { "AT45DB642x", 0x1f2800, 8192, 1056, 11, SUP_POW2PS},
572 { "at45db642d", 0x1f2800, 8192, 1024, 10, SUP_POW2PS | IS_POW2PS},
575 static struct flash_info *__devinit jedec_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
578 uint8_t code = OP_READ_ID;
581 struct flash_info *info;
584 /* JEDEC also defines an optional "extended device information"
585 * string for after vendor-specific data, after the three bytes
586 * we use here. Supporting some chips might require using it.
588 * If the vendor ID isn't Atmel's (0x1f), assume this call failed.
589 * That's not an error; only rev C and newer chips handle it, and
590 * only Atmel sells these chips.
592 tmp = spi_write_then_read(spi, &code, 1, id, 3);
594 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL0, "%s: error %d reading JEDEC ID\n",
595 spi->dev.bus_id, tmp);
607 for (tmp = 0, info = dataflash_data;
608 tmp < ARRAY_SIZE(dataflash_data);
610 if (info->jedec_id == jedec) {
611 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: OTP, sector protect%s\n",
613 (info->flags & SUP_POW2PS)
614 ? ", binary pagesize" : ""
616 if (info->flags & SUP_POW2PS) {
617 status = dataflash_status(spi);
619 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1,
620 "%s: status error %d\n",
621 dev_name(&spi->dev), status);
622 return ERR_PTR(status);
625 if (info->flags & IS_POW2PS)
628 if (!(info->flags & IS_POW2PS))
636 * Treat other chips as errors ... we won't know the right page
637 * size (it might be binary) even when we can tell which density
638 * class is involved (legacy chip id scheme).
640 dev_warn(&spi->dev, "JEDEC id %06x not handled\n", jedec);
641 return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
645 * Detect and initialize DataFlash device, using JEDEC IDs on newer chips
646 * or else the ID code embedded in the status bits:
648 * Device Density ID code #Pages PageSize Offset
649 * AT45DB011B 1Mbit (128K) xx0011xx (0x0c) 512 264 9
650 * AT45DB021B 2Mbit (256K) xx0101xx (0x14) 1024 264 9
651 * AT45DB041B 4Mbit (512K) xx0111xx (0x1c) 2048 264 9
652 * AT45DB081B 8Mbit (1M) xx1001xx (0x24) 4096 264 9
653 * AT45DB0161B 16Mbit (2M) xx1011xx (0x2c) 4096 528 10
654 * AT45DB0321B 32Mbit (4M) xx1101xx (0x34) 8192 528 10
655 * AT45DB0642 64Mbit (8M) xx111xxx (0x3c) 8192 1056 11
656 * AT45DB1282 128Mbit (16M) xx0100xx (0x10) 16384 1056 11
658 static int __devinit dataflash_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
661 struct flash_info *info;
664 * Try to detect dataflash by JEDEC ID.
665 * If it succeeds we know we have either a C or D part.
666 * D will support power of 2 pagesize option.
668 info = jedec_probe(spi);
670 return PTR_ERR(info);
672 return add_dataflash(spi, info->name, info->nr_pages,
673 info->pagesize, info->pageoffset);
676 * Older chips support only legacy commands, identifing
677 * capacity using bits in the status byte.
679 status = dataflash_status(spi);
680 if (status <= 0 || status == 0xff) {
681 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: status error %d\n",
682 spi->dev.bus_id, status);
683 if (status == 0 || status == 0xff)
688 /* if there's a device there, assume it's dataflash.
689 * board setup should have set spi->max_speed_max to
690 * match f(car) for continuous reads, mode 0 or 3.
692 switch (status & 0x3c) {
693 case 0x0c: /* 0 0 1 1 x x */
694 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB011B", 512, 264, 9);
696 case 0x14: /* 0 1 0 1 x x */
697 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB021B", 1024, 264, 9);
699 case 0x1c: /* 0 1 1 1 x x */
700 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB041x", 2048, 264, 9);
702 case 0x24: /* 1 0 0 1 x x */
703 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB081B", 4096, 264, 9);
705 case 0x2c: /* 1 0 1 1 x x */
706 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB161x", 4096, 528, 10);
708 case 0x34: /* 1 1 0 1 x x */
709 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB321x", 8192, 528, 10);
711 case 0x38: /* 1 1 1 x x x */
713 status = add_dataflash(spi, "AT45DB642x", 8192, 1056, 11);
715 /* obsolete AT45DB1282 not (yet?) supported */
717 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: unsupported device (%x)\n",
718 spi->dev.bus_id, status & 0x3c);
723 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: add_dataflash --> %d\n",
724 spi->dev.bus_id, status);
729 static int __devexit dataflash_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
731 struct dataflash *flash = dev_get_drvdata(&spi->dev);
734 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1, "%s: remove\n", spi->dev.bus_id);
736 if (mtd_has_partitions() && flash->partitioned)
737 status = del_mtd_partitions(&flash->mtd);
739 status = del_mtd_device(&flash->mtd);
745 static struct spi_driver dataflash_driver = {
747 .name = "mtd_dataflash",
748 .bus = &spi_bus_type,
749 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
752 .probe = dataflash_probe,
753 .remove = __devexit_p(dataflash_remove),
755 /* FIXME: investigate suspend and resume... */
758 static int __init dataflash_init(void)
760 return spi_register_driver(&dataflash_driver);
762 module_init(dataflash_init);
764 static void __exit dataflash_exit(void)
766 spi_unregister_driver(&dataflash_driver);
768 module_exit(dataflash_exit);
771 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
772 MODULE_AUTHOR("Andrew Victor, David Brownell");
773 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MTD DataFlash driver");