2 * USB Skeleton driver - 2.0
4 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
10 * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
11 * but has been rewritten to be easy to read and use, as no locks are now
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/errno.h>
18 #include <linux/init.h>
19 #include <linux/slab.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/kref.h>
22 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
23 #include <linux/usb.h>
26 /* Define these values to match your devices */
27 #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
28 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
30 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
31 static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
32 { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
33 { } /* Terminating entry */
35 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, skel_table);
38 /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
39 #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
41 /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
42 #define MAX_TRANSFER ( PAGE_SIZE - 512 )
43 #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
45 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
47 struct usb_device * udev; /* the usb device for this device */
48 struct usb_interface * interface; /* the interface for this device */
49 struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
50 unsigned char * bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
51 size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
52 __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
53 __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
56 #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
58 static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
60 static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
62 struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
64 usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
65 kfree (dev->bulk_in_buffer);
69 static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
72 struct usb_interface *interface;
76 subminor = iminor(inode);
78 interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
80 err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
81 __FUNCTION__, subminor);
86 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
92 /* increment our usage count for the device */
95 /* save our object in the file's private structure */
96 file->private_data = dev;
102 static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
104 struct usb_skel *dev;
106 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
110 /* decrement the count on our device */
111 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
115 static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
117 struct usb_skel *dev;
121 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
123 /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
124 retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
125 usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
127 min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
130 /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
132 if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
141 static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb, struct pt_regs *regs)
143 struct usb_skel *dev;
145 dev = (struct usb_skel *)urb->context;
147 /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
149 !(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
150 urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
151 urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN)) {
152 dbg("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
153 __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
156 /* free up our allocated buffer */
157 usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
158 urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
162 static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
164 struct usb_skel *dev;
166 struct urb *urb = NULL;
168 size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
170 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
172 /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
176 /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
177 if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
178 retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
182 /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
183 urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
189 buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
195 if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
200 /* initialize the urb properly */
201 usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
202 usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
203 buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
204 urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
206 /* send the data out the bulk port */
207 retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
209 err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
213 /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
220 usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
226 static struct file_operations skel_fops = {
227 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
231 .release = skel_release,
235 * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
236 * and to have the device registered with the driver core
238 static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
241 .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
244 static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
246 struct usb_skel *dev = NULL;
247 struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
248 struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
251 int retval = -ENOMEM;
253 /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
254 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
256 err("Out of memory");
259 kref_init(&dev->kref);
260 sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
262 dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
263 dev->interface = interface;
265 /* set up the endpoint information */
266 /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
267 iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
268 for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
269 endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
271 if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
272 ((endpoint->bEndpointAddress & USB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK)
274 ((endpoint->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK)
275 == USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK)) {
276 /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
277 buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
278 dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
279 dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
280 dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
281 if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
282 err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
287 if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
288 ((endpoint->bEndpointAddress & USB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK)
290 ((endpoint->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK)
291 == USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK)) {
292 /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
293 dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
296 if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
297 err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
301 /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
302 usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
304 /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
305 retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
307 /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
308 err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
309 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
313 /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
314 info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
319 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
323 static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
325 struct usb_skel *dev;
326 int minor = interface->minor;
328 /* prevent skel_open() from racing skel_disconnect() */
331 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
332 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
334 /* give back our minor */
335 usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
339 /* decrement our usage count */
340 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
342 info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
345 static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
348 .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
349 .id_table = skel_table,
352 static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
356 /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
357 result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
359 err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
364 static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
366 /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
367 usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
370 module_init (usb_skel_init);
371 module_exit (usb_skel_exit);
373 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");