2 * bus.c - bus driver management
4 * Copyright (c) 2002-3 Patrick Mochel
5 * Copyright (c) 2002-3 Open Source Development Labs
6 * Copyright (c) 2007 Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
7 * Copyright (c) 2007 Novell Inc.
9 * This file is released under the GPLv2
13 #include <linux/device.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/errno.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <linux/string.h>
19 #include "power/power.h"
21 #define to_bus_attr(_attr) container_of(_attr, struct bus_attribute, attr)
22 #define to_bus(obj) container_of(obj, struct bus_type_private, subsys.kobj)
25 * sysfs bindings for drivers
28 #define to_drv_attr(_attr) container_of(_attr, struct driver_attribute, attr)
31 static int __must_check bus_rescan_devices_helper(struct device *dev,
34 static struct bus_type *bus_get(struct bus_type *bus)
37 kset_get(&bus->p->subsys);
43 static void bus_put(struct bus_type *bus)
46 kset_put(&bus->p->subsys);
49 static ssize_t drv_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
52 struct driver_attribute *drv_attr = to_drv_attr(attr);
53 struct driver_private *drv_priv = to_driver(kobj);
57 ret = drv_attr->show(drv_priv->driver, buf);
61 static ssize_t drv_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
62 const char *buf, size_t count)
64 struct driver_attribute *drv_attr = to_drv_attr(attr);
65 struct driver_private *drv_priv = to_driver(kobj);
69 ret = drv_attr->store(drv_priv->driver, buf, count);
73 static struct sysfs_ops driver_sysfs_ops = {
74 .show = drv_attr_show,
75 .store = drv_attr_store,
78 static void driver_release(struct kobject *kobj)
80 struct driver_private *drv_priv = to_driver(kobj);
82 pr_debug("driver: '%s': %s\n", kobject_name(kobj), __func__);
86 static struct kobj_type driver_ktype = {
87 .sysfs_ops = &driver_sysfs_ops,
88 .release = driver_release,
92 * sysfs bindings for buses
94 static ssize_t bus_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
97 struct bus_attribute *bus_attr = to_bus_attr(attr);
98 struct bus_type_private *bus_priv = to_bus(kobj);
102 ret = bus_attr->show(bus_priv->bus, buf);
106 static ssize_t bus_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *attr,
107 const char *buf, size_t count)
109 struct bus_attribute *bus_attr = to_bus_attr(attr);
110 struct bus_type_private *bus_priv = to_bus(kobj);
114 ret = bus_attr->store(bus_priv->bus, buf, count);
118 static struct sysfs_ops bus_sysfs_ops = {
119 .show = bus_attr_show,
120 .store = bus_attr_store,
123 int bus_create_file(struct bus_type *bus, struct bus_attribute *attr)
127 error = sysfs_create_file(&bus->p->subsys.kobj, &attr->attr);
133 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_create_file);
135 void bus_remove_file(struct bus_type *bus, struct bus_attribute *attr)
138 sysfs_remove_file(&bus->p->subsys.kobj, &attr->attr);
142 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_remove_file);
144 static struct kobj_type bus_ktype = {
145 .sysfs_ops = &bus_sysfs_ops,
148 static int bus_uevent_filter(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj)
150 struct kobj_type *ktype = get_ktype(kobj);
152 if (ktype == &bus_ktype)
157 static struct kset_uevent_ops bus_uevent_ops = {
158 .filter = bus_uevent_filter,
161 static struct kset *bus_kset;
164 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG
165 /* Manually detach a device from its associated driver. */
166 static ssize_t driver_unbind(struct device_driver *drv,
167 const char *buf, size_t count)
169 struct bus_type *bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
173 dev = bus_find_device_by_name(bus, NULL, buf);
174 if (dev && dev->driver == drv) {
175 if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
176 down(&dev->parent->sem);
177 device_release_driver(dev);
179 up(&dev->parent->sem);
186 static DRIVER_ATTR(unbind, S_IWUSR, NULL, driver_unbind);
189 * Manually attach a device to a driver.
190 * Note: the driver must want to bind to the device,
191 * it is not possible to override the driver's id table.
193 static ssize_t driver_bind(struct device_driver *drv,
194 const char *buf, size_t count)
196 struct bus_type *bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
200 dev = bus_find_device_by_name(bus, NULL, buf);
201 if (dev && dev->driver == NULL) {
202 if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
203 down(&dev->parent->sem);
205 err = driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
208 up(&dev->parent->sem);
213 } else if (err == 0) {
214 /* driver didn't accept device */
222 static DRIVER_ATTR(bind, S_IWUSR, NULL, driver_bind);
224 static ssize_t show_drivers_autoprobe(struct bus_type *bus, char *buf)
226 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", bus->p->drivers_autoprobe);
229 static ssize_t store_drivers_autoprobe(struct bus_type *bus,
230 const char *buf, size_t count)
233 bus->p->drivers_autoprobe = 0;
235 bus->p->drivers_autoprobe = 1;
239 static ssize_t store_drivers_probe(struct bus_type *bus,
240 const char *buf, size_t count)
244 dev = bus_find_device_by_name(bus, NULL, buf);
247 if (bus_rescan_devices_helper(dev, NULL) != 0)
253 static struct device *next_device(struct klist_iter *i)
255 struct klist_node *n = klist_next(i);
256 return n ? container_of(n, struct device, knode_bus) : NULL;
260 * bus_for_each_dev - device iterator.
262 * @start: device to start iterating from.
263 * @data: data for the callback.
264 * @fn: function to be called for each device.
266 * Iterate over @bus's list of devices, and call @fn for each,
267 * passing it @data. If @start is not NULL, we use that device to
268 * begin iterating from.
270 * We check the return of @fn each time. If it returns anything
271 * other than 0, we break out and return that value.
273 * NOTE: The device that returns a non-zero value is not retained
274 * in any way, nor is its refcount incremented. If the caller needs
275 * to retain this data, it should do, and increment the reference
276 * count in the supplied callback.
278 int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,
279 void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
288 klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i,
289 (start ? &start->knode_bus : NULL));
290 while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)
291 error = fn(dev, data);
295 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_for_each_dev);
298 * bus_find_device - device iterator for locating a particular device.
300 * @start: Device to begin with
301 * @data: Data to pass to match function
302 * @match: Callback function to check device
304 * This is similar to the bus_for_each_dev() function above, but it
305 * returns a reference to a device that is 'found' for later use, as
306 * determined by the @match callback.
308 * The callback should return 0 if the device doesn't match and non-zero
309 * if it does. If the callback returns non-zero, this function will
310 * return to the caller and not iterate over any more devices.
312 struct device *bus_find_device(struct bus_type *bus,
313 struct device *start, void *data,
314 int (*match)(struct device *dev, void *data))
322 klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i,
323 (start ? &start->knode_bus : NULL));
324 while ((dev = next_device(&i)))
325 if (match(dev, data) && get_device(dev))
330 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_find_device);
332 static int match_name(struct device *dev, void *data)
334 const char *name = data;
336 if (strcmp(name, dev->bus_id) == 0)
342 * bus_find_device_by_name - device iterator for locating a particular device of a specific name
344 * @start: Device to begin with
345 * @name: name of the device to match
347 * This is similar to the bus_find_device() function above, but it handles
348 * searching by a name automatically, no need to write another strcmp matching
351 struct device *bus_find_device_by_name(struct bus_type *bus,
352 struct device *start, const char *name)
354 return bus_find_device(bus, start, (void *)name, match_name);
356 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_find_device_by_name);
358 static struct device_driver *next_driver(struct klist_iter *i)
360 struct klist_node *n = klist_next(i);
361 struct driver_private *drv_priv;
364 drv_priv = container_of(n, struct driver_private, knode_bus);
365 return drv_priv->driver;
371 * bus_for_each_drv - driver iterator
372 * @bus: bus we're dealing with.
373 * @start: driver to start iterating on.
374 * @data: data to pass to the callback.
375 * @fn: function to call for each driver.
377 * This is nearly identical to the device iterator above.
378 * We iterate over each driver that belongs to @bus, and call
379 * @fn for each. If @fn returns anything but 0, we break out
380 * and return it. If @start is not NULL, we use it as the head
383 * NOTE: we don't return the driver that returns a non-zero
384 * value, nor do we leave the reference count incremented for that
385 * driver. If the caller needs to know that info, it must set it
386 * in the callback. It must also be sure to increment the refcount
387 * so it doesn't disappear before returning to the caller.
389 int bus_for_each_drv(struct bus_type *bus, struct device_driver *start,
390 void *data, int (*fn)(struct device_driver *, void *))
393 struct device_driver *drv;
399 klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_drivers, &i,
400 start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL);
401 while ((drv = next_driver(&i)) && !error)
402 error = fn(drv, data);
406 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_for_each_drv);
408 static int device_add_attrs(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *dev)
416 for (i = 0; attr_name(bus->dev_attrs[i]); i++) {
417 error = device_create_file(dev, &bus->dev_attrs[i]);
420 device_remove_file(dev, &bus->dev_attrs[i]);
427 static void device_remove_attrs(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *dev)
431 if (bus->dev_attrs) {
432 for (i = 0; attr_name(bus->dev_attrs[i]); i++)
433 device_remove_file(dev, &bus->dev_attrs[i]);
437 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
438 static int make_deprecated_bus_links(struct device *dev)
440 return sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj,
441 &dev->bus->p->subsys.kobj, "bus");
444 static void remove_deprecated_bus_links(struct device *dev)
446 sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "bus");
449 static inline int make_deprecated_bus_links(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
450 static inline void remove_deprecated_bus_links(struct device *dev) { }
454 * bus_add_device - add device to bus
455 * @dev: device being added
457 * - Add the device to its bus's list of devices.
458 * - Create link to device's bus.
460 int bus_add_device(struct device *dev)
462 struct bus_type *bus = bus_get(dev->bus);
466 pr_debug("bus: '%s': add device %s\n", bus->name, dev->bus_id);
467 error = device_add_attrs(bus, dev);
470 error = sysfs_create_link(&bus->p->devices_kset->kobj,
471 &dev->kobj, dev->bus_id);
474 error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj,
475 &dev->bus->p->subsys.kobj, "subsystem");
478 error = make_deprecated_bus_links(dev);
485 sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "subsystem");
487 sysfs_remove_link(&bus->p->devices_kset->kobj, dev->bus_id);
489 device_remove_attrs(bus, dev);
496 * bus_attach_device - add device to bus
497 * @dev: device tried to attach to a driver
499 * - Add device to bus's list of devices.
500 * - Try to attach to driver.
502 void bus_attach_device(struct device *dev)
504 struct bus_type *bus = dev->bus;
508 if (bus->p->drivers_autoprobe)
509 ret = device_attach(dev);
512 klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_devices);
517 * bus_remove_device - remove device from bus
518 * @dev: device to be removed
520 * - Remove symlink from bus's directory.
521 * - Delete device from bus's list.
522 * - Detach from its driver.
523 * - Drop reference taken in bus_add_device().
525 void bus_remove_device(struct device *dev)
528 sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "subsystem");
529 remove_deprecated_bus_links(dev);
530 sysfs_remove_link(&dev->bus->p->devices_kset->kobj,
532 device_remove_attrs(dev->bus, dev);
533 if (klist_node_attached(&dev->knode_bus))
534 klist_del(&dev->knode_bus);
536 pr_debug("bus: '%s': remove device %s\n",
537 dev->bus->name, dev->bus_id);
538 device_release_driver(dev);
543 static int driver_add_attrs(struct bus_type *bus, struct device_driver *drv)
548 if (bus->drv_attrs) {
549 for (i = 0; attr_name(bus->drv_attrs[i]); i++) {
550 error = driver_create_file(drv, &bus->drv_attrs[i]);
559 driver_remove_file(drv, &bus->drv_attrs[i]);
563 static void driver_remove_attrs(struct bus_type *bus,
564 struct device_driver *drv)
568 if (bus->drv_attrs) {
569 for (i = 0; attr_name(bus->drv_attrs[i]); i++)
570 driver_remove_file(drv, &bus->drv_attrs[i]);
574 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG
576 * Thanks to drivers making their tables __devinit, we can't allow manual
577 * bind and unbind from userspace unless CONFIG_HOTPLUG is enabled.
579 static int __must_check add_bind_files(struct device_driver *drv)
583 ret = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_unbind);
585 ret = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_bind);
587 driver_remove_file(drv, &driver_attr_unbind);
592 static void remove_bind_files(struct device_driver *drv)
594 driver_remove_file(drv, &driver_attr_bind);
595 driver_remove_file(drv, &driver_attr_unbind);
598 static BUS_ATTR(drivers_probe, S_IWUSR, NULL, store_drivers_probe);
599 static BUS_ATTR(drivers_autoprobe, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO,
600 show_drivers_autoprobe, store_drivers_autoprobe);
602 static int add_probe_files(struct bus_type *bus)
606 retval = bus_create_file(bus, &bus_attr_drivers_probe);
610 retval = bus_create_file(bus, &bus_attr_drivers_autoprobe);
612 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus_attr_drivers_probe);
617 static void remove_probe_files(struct bus_type *bus)
619 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus_attr_drivers_autoprobe);
620 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus_attr_drivers_probe);
623 static inline int add_bind_files(struct device_driver *drv) { return 0; }
624 static inline void remove_bind_files(struct device_driver *drv) {}
625 static inline int add_probe_files(struct bus_type *bus) { return 0; }
626 static inline void remove_probe_files(struct bus_type *bus) {}
629 static ssize_t driver_uevent_store(struct device_driver *drv,
630 const char *buf, size_t count)
632 enum kobject_action action;
634 if (kobject_action_type(buf, count, &action) == 0)
635 kobject_uevent(&drv->p->kobj, action);
638 static DRIVER_ATTR(uevent, S_IWUSR, NULL, driver_uevent_store);
641 * bus_add_driver - Add a driver to the bus.
644 int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
646 struct bus_type *bus;
647 struct driver_private *priv;
650 bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
654 pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name);
656 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
661 klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL);
664 priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset;
665 error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL,
670 if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
671 error = driver_attach(drv);
675 klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);
676 module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv);
678 error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent);
680 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n",
681 __func__, drv->name);
683 error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv);
685 /* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */
686 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n",
687 __func__, drv->name);
689 error = add_bind_files(drv);
692 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n",
693 __func__, drv->name);
696 kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
699 kobject_put(&priv->kobj);
706 * bus_remove_driver - delete driver from bus's knowledge.
709 * Detach the driver from the devices it controls, and remove
710 * it from its bus's list of drivers. Finally, we drop the reference
711 * to the bus we took in bus_add_driver().
713 void bus_remove_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
718 remove_bind_files(drv);
719 driver_remove_attrs(drv->bus, drv);
720 driver_remove_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent);
721 klist_remove(&drv->p->knode_bus);
722 pr_debug("bus: '%s': remove driver %s\n", drv->bus->name, drv->name);
724 module_remove_driver(drv);
725 kobject_put(&drv->p->kobj);
729 /* Helper for bus_rescan_devices's iter */
730 static int __must_check bus_rescan_devices_helper(struct device *dev,
736 if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
737 down(&dev->parent->sem);
738 ret = device_attach(dev);
740 up(&dev->parent->sem);
742 return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
746 * bus_rescan_devices - rescan devices on the bus for possible drivers
747 * @bus: the bus to scan.
749 * This function will look for devices on the bus with no driver
750 * attached and rescan it against existing drivers to see if it matches
751 * any by calling device_attach() for the unbound devices.
753 int bus_rescan_devices(struct bus_type *bus)
755 return bus_for_each_dev(bus, NULL, NULL, bus_rescan_devices_helper);
757 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_rescan_devices);
760 * device_reprobe - remove driver for a device and probe for a new driver
761 * @dev: the device to reprobe
763 * This function detaches the attached driver (if any) for the given
764 * device and restarts the driver probing process. It is intended
765 * to use if probing criteria changed during a devices lifetime and
766 * driver attachment should change accordingly.
768 int device_reprobe(struct device *dev)
771 if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
772 down(&dev->parent->sem);
773 device_release_driver(dev);
775 up(&dev->parent->sem);
777 return bus_rescan_devices_helper(dev, NULL);
779 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_reprobe);
782 * find_bus - locate bus by name.
783 * @name: name of bus.
785 * Call kset_find_obj() to iterate over list of buses to
786 * find a bus by name. Return bus if found.
788 * Note that kset_find_obj increments bus' reference count.
791 struct bus_type *find_bus(char *name)
793 struct kobject *k = kset_find_obj(bus_kset, name);
794 return k ? to_bus(k) : NULL;
800 * bus_add_attrs - Add default attributes for this bus.
801 * @bus: Bus that has just been registered.
804 static int bus_add_attrs(struct bus_type *bus)
809 if (bus->bus_attrs) {
810 for (i = 0; attr_name(bus->bus_attrs[i]); i++) {
811 error = bus_create_file(bus, &bus->bus_attrs[i]);
820 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus->bus_attrs[i]);
824 static void bus_remove_attrs(struct bus_type *bus)
828 if (bus->bus_attrs) {
829 for (i = 0; attr_name(bus->bus_attrs[i]); i++)
830 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus->bus_attrs[i]);
834 static void klist_devices_get(struct klist_node *n)
836 struct device *dev = container_of(n, struct device, knode_bus);
841 static void klist_devices_put(struct klist_node *n)
843 struct device *dev = container_of(n, struct device, knode_bus);
848 static ssize_t bus_uevent_store(struct bus_type *bus,
849 const char *buf, size_t count)
851 enum kobject_action action;
853 if (kobject_action_type(buf, count, &action) == 0)
854 kobject_uevent(&bus->p->subsys.kobj, action);
857 static BUS_ATTR(uevent, S_IWUSR, NULL, bus_uevent_store);
860 * bus_register - register a bus with the system.
863 * Once we have that, we registered the bus with the kobject
864 * infrastructure, then register the children subsystems it has:
865 * the devices and drivers that belong to the bus.
867 int bus_register(struct bus_type *bus)
870 struct bus_type_private *priv;
872 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bus_type_private), GFP_KERNEL);
879 BLOCKING_INIT_NOTIFIER_HEAD(&priv->bus_notifier);
881 retval = kobject_set_name(&priv->subsys.kobj, "%s", bus->name);
885 priv->subsys.kobj.kset = bus_kset;
886 priv->subsys.kobj.ktype = &bus_ktype;
887 priv->drivers_autoprobe = 1;
889 retval = kset_register(&priv->subsys);
893 retval = bus_create_file(bus, &bus_attr_uevent);
895 goto bus_uevent_fail;
897 priv->devices_kset = kset_create_and_add("devices", NULL,
899 if (!priv->devices_kset) {
901 goto bus_devices_fail;
904 priv->drivers_kset = kset_create_and_add("drivers", NULL,
906 if (!priv->drivers_kset) {
908 goto bus_drivers_fail;
911 klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, klist_devices_get, klist_devices_put);
912 klist_init(&priv->klist_drivers, NULL, NULL);
914 retval = add_probe_files(bus);
916 goto bus_probe_files_fail;
918 retval = bus_add_attrs(bus);
922 pr_debug("bus: '%s': registered\n", bus->name);
926 remove_probe_files(bus);
927 bus_probe_files_fail:
928 kset_unregister(bus->p->drivers_kset);
930 kset_unregister(bus->p->devices_kset);
932 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus_attr_uevent);
934 kset_unregister(&bus->p->subsys);
939 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_register);
942 * bus_unregister - remove a bus from the system
945 * Unregister the child subsystems and the bus itself.
946 * Finally, we call bus_put() to release the refcount
948 void bus_unregister(struct bus_type *bus)
950 pr_debug("bus: '%s': unregistering\n", bus->name);
951 bus_remove_attrs(bus);
952 remove_probe_files(bus);
953 kset_unregister(bus->p->drivers_kset);
954 kset_unregister(bus->p->devices_kset);
955 bus_remove_file(bus, &bus_attr_uevent);
956 kset_unregister(&bus->p->subsys);
959 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_unregister);
961 int bus_register_notifier(struct bus_type *bus, struct notifier_block *nb)
963 return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&bus->p->bus_notifier, nb);
965 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_register_notifier);
967 int bus_unregister_notifier(struct bus_type *bus, struct notifier_block *nb)
969 return blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&bus->p->bus_notifier, nb);
971 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_unregister_notifier);
973 struct kset *bus_get_kset(struct bus_type *bus)
975 return &bus->p->subsys;
977 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_get_kset);
979 struct klist *bus_get_device_klist(struct bus_type *bus)
981 return &bus->p->klist_devices;
983 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_get_device_klist);
985 int __init buses_init(void)
987 bus_kset = kset_create_and_add("bus", &bus_uevent_ops, NULL);