2 * Copyright 2002-2005, Instant802 Networks, Inc.
3 * Copyright 2005, Devicescape Software, Inc.
4 * Copyright 2007, Mattias Nissler <mattias.nissler@gmx.de>
5 * Copyright 2007, Stefano Brivio <stefano.brivio@polimi.it>
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
16 #include <net/mac80211.h>
17 #include "ieee80211_rate.h"
19 #include "rc80211_pid.h"
22 /* This is an implementation of a TX rate control algorithm that uses a PID
23 * controller. Given a target failed frames rate, the controller decides about
24 * TX rate changes to meet the target failed frames rate.
26 * The controller basically computes the following:
28 * adj = CP * err + CI * err_avg + CD * (err - last_err) * (1 + sharpening)
31 * adj adjustment value that is used to switch TX rate (see below)
32 * err current error: target vs. current failed frames percentage
34 * err_avg average (i.e. poor man's integral) of recent errors
35 * sharpening non-zero when fast response is needed (i.e. right after
36 * association or no frames sent for a long time), heading
38 * CP Proportional coefficient
39 * CI Integral coefficient
40 * CD Derivative coefficient
42 * CP, CI, CD are subject to careful tuning.
44 * The integral component uses a exponential moving average approach instead of
45 * an actual sliding window. The advantage is that we don't need to keep an
46 * array of the last N error values and computation is easier.
48 * Once we have the adj value, we map it to a rate by means of a learning
49 * algorithm. This algorithm keeps the state of the percentual failed frames
50 * difference between rates. The behaviour of the lowest available rate is kept
51 * as a reference value, and every time we switch between two rates, we compute
52 * the difference between the failed frames each rate exhibited. By doing so,
53 * we compare behaviours which different rates exhibited in adjacent timeslices,
54 * thus the comparison is minimally affected by external conditions. This
55 * difference gets propagated to the whole set of measurements, so that the
56 * reference is always the same. Periodically, we normalize this set so that
57 * recent events weigh the most. By comparing the adj value with this set, we
58 * avoid pejorative switches to lower rates and allow for switches to higher
59 * rates if they behaved well.
61 * Note that for the computations we use a fixed-point representation to avoid
62 * floating point arithmetic. Hence, all values are shifted left by
67 /* Shift the adjustment so that we won't switch to a lower rate if it exhibited
68 * a worse failed frames behaviour and we'll choose the highest rate whose
69 * failed frames behaviour is not worse than the one of the original rate
70 * target. While at it, check that the adjustment is within the ranges. Then,
71 * provide the new rate index. */
72 static int rate_control_pid_shift_adjust(struct rc_pid_rateinfo *r,
73 int adj, int cur, int l)
83 return r[l - 1].index;
88 for (k = j; k >= i; k--)
89 if (r[k].diff <= r[j].diff)
92 for (k = i + 1; k + i < l; k++)
93 if (r[k].diff <= r[i].diff)
100 static void rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(struct ieee80211_local *local,
101 struct sta_info *sta, int adj,
102 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo)
104 struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
105 struct ieee80211_hw_mode *mode;
108 int back = (adj > 0) ? 1 : -1;
110 sdata = IEEE80211_DEV_TO_SUB_IF(sta->dev);
111 if (sdata->bss && sdata->bss->force_unicast_rateidx > -1) {
112 /* forced unicast rate - do not change STA rate */
116 mode = local->oper_hw_mode;
117 maxrate = sdata->bss ? sdata->bss->max_ratectrl_rateidx : -1;
119 newidx = rate_control_pid_shift_adjust(rinfo, adj, sta->txrate,
122 while (newidx != sta->txrate) {
123 if (rate_supported(sta, mode, newidx) &&
124 (maxrate < 0 || newidx <= maxrate)) {
125 sta->txrate = newidx;
132 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
133 rate_control_pid_event_rate_change(
134 &((struct rc_pid_sta_info *)sta->rate_ctrl_priv)->events,
135 newidx, mode->rates[newidx].rate);
139 /* Normalize the failed frames per-rate differences. */
140 static void rate_control_pid_normalize(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo, int l)
142 int i, norm_offset = pinfo->norm_offset;
143 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *r = pinfo->rinfo;
145 if (r[0].diff > norm_offset)
146 r[0].diff -= norm_offset;
147 else if (r[0].diff < -norm_offset)
148 r[0].diff += norm_offset;
149 for (i = 0; i < l - 1; i++)
150 if (r[i + 1].diff > r[i].diff + norm_offset)
151 r[i + 1].diff -= norm_offset;
152 else if (r[i + 1].diff <= r[i].diff)
153 r[i + 1].diff += norm_offset;
156 static void rate_control_pid_sample(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo,
157 struct ieee80211_local *local,
158 struct sta_info *sta)
160 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
161 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo = pinfo->rinfo;
162 struct ieee80211_hw_mode *mode;
169 unsigned long period;
171 mode = local->oper_hw_mode;
172 spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
174 /* In case nothing happened during the previous control interval, turn
175 * the sharpening factor on. */
176 period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
179 if (jiffies - spinfo->last_sample > 2 * period)
180 spinfo->sharp_cnt = pinfo->sharpen_duration;
182 spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
184 /* This should never happen, but in case, we assume the old sample is
185 * still a good measurement and copy it. */
186 if (unlikely(spinfo->tx_num_xmit == 0))
187 pf = spinfo->last_pf;
189 pf = spinfo->tx_num_failed * 100 / spinfo->tx_num_xmit;
190 pf <<= RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
193 spinfo->tx_num_xmit = 0;
194 spinfo->tx_num_failed = 0;
196 /* If we just switched rate, update the rate behaviour info. */
197 if (pinfo->oldrate != sta->txrate) {
199 i = rinfo[pinfo->oldrate].rev_index;
200 j = rinfo[sta->txrate].rev_index;
202 tmp = (pf - spinfo->last_pf);
203 tmp = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(tmp, RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
205 rinfo[j].diff = rinfo[i].diff + tmp;
206 pinfo->oldrate = sta->txrate;
208 rate_control_pid_normalize(pinfo, mode->num_rates);
210 /* Compute the proportional, integral and derivative errors. */
211 err_prop = (pinfo->target << RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT) - pf;
213 err_avg = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
214 spinfo->err_avg_sc = spinfo->err_avg_sc - err_avg + err_prop;
215 err_int = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
217 err_der = (pf - spinfo->last_pf) *
218 (1 + pinfo->sharpen_factor * spinfo->sharp_cnt);
219 spinfo->last_pf = pf;
220 if (spinfo->sharp_cnt)
223 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
224 rate_control_pid_event_pf_sample(&spinfo->events, pf, err_prop, err_int,
228 /* Compute the controller output. */
229 adj = (err_prop * pinfo->coeff_p + err_int * pinfo->coeff_i
230 + err_der * pinfo->coeff_d);
231 adj = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(adj, 2 * RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
235 rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(local, sta, adj, rinfo);
238 static void rate_control_pid_tx_status(void *priv, struct net_device *dev,
240 struct ieee80211_tx_status *status)
242 struct ieee80211_local *local = wdev_priv(dev->ieee80211_ptr);
243 struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
244 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
245 struct sta_info *sta;
246 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
247 unsigned long period;
249 sta = sta_info_get(local, hdr->addr1);
254 /* Ignore all frames that were sent with a different rate than the rate
255 * we currently advise mac80211 to use. */
256 if (status->control.rate != &local->oper_hw_mode->rates[sta->txrate])
259 spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
260 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
262 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
263 rate_control_pid_event_tx_status(&spinfo->events, status);
266 /* We count frames that totally failed to be transmitted as two bad
267 * frames, those that made it out but had some retries as one good and
269 if (status->excessive_retries) {
270 spinfo->tx_num_failed += 2;
271 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
272 } else if (status->retry_count) {
273 spinfo->tx_num_failed++;
274 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
277 if (status->excessive_retries) {
278 sta->tx_retry_failed++;
279 sta->tx_num_consecutive_failures++;
280 sta->tx_num_mpdu_fail++;
282 sta->last_ack_rssi[0] = sta->last_ack_rssi[1];
283 sta->last_ack_rssi[1] = sta->last_ack_rssi[2];
284 sta->last_ack_rssi[2] = status->ack_signal;
285 sta->tx_num_consecutive_failures = 0;
286 sta->tx_num_mpdu_ok++;
288 sta->tx_retry_count += status->retry_count;
289 sta->tx_num_mpdu_fail += status->retry_count;
291 /* Update PID controller state. */
292 period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
295 if (time_after(jiffies, spinfo->last_sample + period))
296 rate_control_pid_sample(pinfo, local, sta);
302 static void rate_control_pid_get_rate(void *priv, struct net_device *dev,
303 struct ieee80211_hw_mode *mode,
305 struct rate_selection *sel)
307 struct ieee80211_local *local = wdev_priv(dev->ieee80211_ptr);
308 struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
309 struct sta_info *sta;
312 sta = sta_info_get(local, hdr->addr1);
315 sel->rate = rate_lowest(local, mode, NULL);
320 rateidx = sta->txrate;
322 if (rateidx >= mode->num_rates)
323 rateidx = mode->num_rates - 1;
327 sel->rate = &mode->rates[rateidx];
329 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
330 rate_control_pid_event_tx_rate(
331 &((struct rc_pid_sta_info *) sta->rate_ctrl_priv)->events,
332 rateidx, mode->rates[rateidx].rate);
336 static void rate_control_pid_rate_init(void *priv, void *priv_sta,
337 struct ieee80211_local *local,
338 struct sta_info *sta)
340 /* TODO: This routine should consider using RSSI from previous packets
341 * as we need to have IEEE 802.1X auth succeed immediately after assoc..
342 * Until that method is implemented, we will use the lowest supported
343 * rate as a workaround. */
344 sta->txrate = rate_lowest_index(local, local->oper_hw_mode, sta);
347 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc(struct ieee80211_local *local)
349 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo;
350 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo;
351 struct ieee80211_hw_mode *mode;
354 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
355 struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de;
358 pinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*pinfo), GFP_ATOMIC);
362 /* We can safely assume that oper_hw_mode won't change unless we get
364 mode = local->oper_hw_mode;
365 rinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*rinfo) * mode->num_rates, GFP_ATOMIC);
371 /* Sort the rates. This is optimized for the most common case (i.e.
372 * almost-sorted CCK+OFDM rates). Kind of bubble-sort with reversed
374 for (i = 0; i < mode->num_rates; i++) {
376 rinfo[i].rev_index = i;
377 if (pinfo->fast_start)
380 rinfo[i].diff = i * pinfo->norm_offset;
382 for (i = 1; i < mode->num_rates; i++) {
384 for (j = 0; j < mode->num_rates - i; j++)
385 if (unlikely(mode->rates[rinfo[j].index].rate >
386 mode->rates[rinfo[j + 1].index].rate)) {
387 tmp = rinfo[j].index;
388 rinfo[j].index = rinfo[j + 1].index;
389 rinfo[j + 1].index = tmp;
390 rinfo[rinfo[j].index].rev_index = j;
391 rinfo[rinfo[j + 1].index].rev_index = j + 1;
398 pinfo->target = RC_PID_TARGET_PF;
399 pinfo->sampling_period = RC_PID_INTERVAL;
400 pinfo->coeff_p = RC_PID_COEFF_P;
401 pinfo->coeff_i = RC_PID_COEFF_I;
402 pinfo->coeff_d = RC_PID_COEFF_D;
403 pinfo->smoothing_shift = RC_PID_SMOOTHING_SHIFT;
404 pinfo->sharpen_factor = RC_PID_SHARPENING_FACTOR;
405 pinfo->sharpen_duration = RC_PID_SHARPENING_DURATION;
406 pinfo->norm_offset = RC_PID_NORM_OFFSET;
407 pinfo->fast_start = RC_PID_FAST_START;
408 pinfo->rinfo = rinfo;
411 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
412 de = &pinfo->dentries;
413 de->dir = debugfs_create_dir("rc80211_pid",
414 local->hw.wiphy->debugfsdir);
415 de->target = debugfs_create_u32("target_pf", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
416 de->dir, &pinfo->target);
417 de->sampling_period = debugfs_create_u32("sampling_period",
418 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
419 &pinfo->sampling_period);
420 de->coeff_p = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_p", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
421 de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_p);
422 de->coeff_i = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_i", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
423 de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_i);
424 de->coeff_d = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_d", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
425 de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_d);
426 de->smoothing_shift = debugfs_create_u32("smoothing_shift",
427 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
428 &pinfo->smoothing_shift);
429 de->sharpen_factor = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_factor",
430 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
431 &pinfo->sharpen_factor);
432 de->sharpen_duration = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_duration",
433 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
434 &pinfo->sharpen_duration);
435 de->norm_offset = debugfs_create_u32("norm_offset",
436 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
437 &pinfo->norm_offset);
438 de->fast_start = debugfs_create_bool("fast_start",
439 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
446 static void rate_control_pid_free(void *priv)
448 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
449 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
450 struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de = &pinfo->dentries;
452 debugfs_remove(de->fast_start);
453 debugfs_remove(de->norm_offset);
454 debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_duration);
455 debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_factor);
456 debugfs_remove(de->smoothing_shift);
457 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_d);
458 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_i);
459 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_p);
460 debugfs_remove(de->sampling_period);
461 debugfs_remove(de->target);
462 debugfs_remove(de->dir);
469 static void rate_control_pid_clear(void *priv)
473 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc_sta(void *priv, gfp_t gfp)
475 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
477 spinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*spinfo), gfp);
481 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
482 spin_lock_init(&spinfo->events.lock);
483 init_waitqueue_head(&spinfo->events.waitqueue);
489 static void rate_control_pid_free_sta(void *priv, void *priv_sta)
491 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = priv_sta;
495 struct rate_control_ops mac80211_rcpid = {
497 .tx_status = rate_control_pid_tx_status,
498 .get_rate = rate_control_pid_get_rate,
499 .rate_init = rate_control_pid_rate_init,
500 .clear = rate_control_pid_clear,
501 .alloc = rate_control_pid_alloc,
502 .free = rate_control_pid_free,
503 .alloc_sta = rate_control_pid_alloc_sta,
504 .free_sta = rate_control_pid_free_sta,
505 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
506 .add_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_add_sta_debugfs,
507 .remove_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_remove_sta_debugfs,