4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
34 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
35 APIC APIC support is enabled.
36 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
37 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
38 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
39 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
40 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
41 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
42 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
43 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
44 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
52 LP Printer support is enabled.
53 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
54 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
55 These options have more detailed description inside of
56 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
57 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
58 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
59 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
60 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
61 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
62 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
63 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
64 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
65 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
66 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
67 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
68 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
69 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
70 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
71 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
72 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
73 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
74 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
75 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
76 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
77 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
78 ROOTPLUG The example Root Plug LSM is enabled.
79 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
80 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
81 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
83 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
84 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
85 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
86 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
87 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
88 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
89 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
90 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
91 USB USB support is enabled.
92 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
93 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
94 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
95 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
96 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
97 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
98 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
99 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
100 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
101 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
103 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
105 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
106 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
107 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
109 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
110 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
111 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
112 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
114 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
115 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
117 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
118 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
119 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
120 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
121 running once the system is up.
123 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
124 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
125 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
126 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
127 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
130 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86-64,i386]
131 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
132 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
133 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
134 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
135 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
136 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
137 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
138 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
140 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
142 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
144 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
145 1,0: use 1st APIC table
148 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
149 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
150 See Documentation/power/video.txt
152 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
153 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
155 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
156 ACPI will balance active IRQs
159 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
160 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
163 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
165 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
167 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
168 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
170 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
172 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
173 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
175 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
176 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
177 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
178 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
180 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
182 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
183 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
184 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
185 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
186 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
187 that require a timer override, but don't have
190 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI]
192 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
193 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
194 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
195 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_layer.
196 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
197 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable debug output
198 for specific parts of the ACPI subsystem:
199 0x01 utilities 0x02 hardware 0x04 events 0x08 tables
200 0x10 namespace 0x20 parser 0x40 dispatcher
201 0x80 executer 0x100 resources 0x200 acpica debugger
202 0x400 os services 0x800 acpica disassembler.
203 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
204 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
205 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
207 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI]
209 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
210 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
211 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
212 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_level.
213 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
214 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable different
215 debug output levels of the ACPI subsystem:
216 0x01 error 0x02 warn 0x04 init 0x08 debug object
217 0x10 info 0x20 init names 0x40 parse 0x80 load
218 0x100 dispatch 0x200 execute 0x400 names 0x800 operation region
219 0x1000 bfield 0x2000 tables 0x4000 values 0x8000 objects
220 0x10000 resources 0x20000 user requests 0x40000 package.
221 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
222 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
223 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
225 acpi_pm_good [X86-32,X86-64]
226 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
227 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
228 and always returns good values.
231 { off | try_unsupported }
232 off: disable AGP support
233 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
234 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
236 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
237 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
238 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
239 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
240 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
242 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
243 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
244 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
247 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
250 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
252 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
253 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
255 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
256 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
257 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
260 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
263 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
266 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
269 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
271 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
272 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
274 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
276 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
277 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
278 connected to one of 16 gameports
279 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
282 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
284 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
285 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
286 APC and your system crashes randomly.
288 apic= [APIC,i386] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
289 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
290 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
291 Change the amount of debugging information output
292 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
294 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
295 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
297 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
298 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
302 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
304 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
306 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
307 EzKey and similar keyboards
309 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
311 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
312 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
314 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
317 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
318 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
320 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
321 Use software keyboard repeat
325 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
328 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
330 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
332 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
333 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
334 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
335 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
337 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
338 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
339 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
340 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
342 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
343 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
347 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
348 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
350 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
351 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
354 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
355 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
357 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
359 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
360 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
361 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
362 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
363 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
364 This option provides an override for these situations.
367 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
368 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
369 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
370 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
372 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
374 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
375 Format: { "0" | "1" }
376 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
377 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
378 any implied execute protection).
379 1 -- check protection requested by application.
380 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
381 Value can be changed at runtime via
382 /selinux/checkreqprot.
384 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
386 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
387 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
388 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
389 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
391 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
393 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
394 with the name specified.
395 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
397 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
399 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
400 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
402 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
403 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
411 code_bytes [IA32] How many bytes of object code to print in an
418 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
419 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
420 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
422 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
423 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force }
424 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
425 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4, VIA)
427 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
429 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
431 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
435 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
436 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
438 condev= [HW,S390] console device
441 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
443 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
447 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
448 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
449 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
450 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
451 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
453 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
455 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
458 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
459 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
460 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
461 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
462 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
463 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
465 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
466 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
467 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
468 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
469 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
470 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
473 [HW] Never suspend the console
474 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
475 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
476 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
477 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
478 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
479 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
480 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
482 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
484 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
486 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
487 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
488 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
490 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
491 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
492 in the running system. The syntax of range is
493 start-[end] where start and end are both
494 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
495 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
498 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
503 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
504 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
507 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
509 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
510 (one device per port)
511 Format: <port#>,<type>
512 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
514 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
517 [KNL] verbose self-tests
519 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
521 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
522 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
523 only useful to kernel developers.
526 Format: <area>[,<node>]
527 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
530 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
531 Change the default blue palette of the console.
532 This is a 16-member array composed of values
536 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
537 Change the default green palette of the console.
538 This is a 16-member array composed of values
542 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
543 Change the default red palette of the console.
544 This is a 16-member array composed of values
549 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
550 Default is 0 and by setting to 1, it enables UTF-8
551 mode for all newly opened or allocated terminals.
554 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
557 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
559 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
560 See drivers/char/README.epca and
561 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
563 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
569 earlyprintk= [X86-32,X86-64,SH,BLACKFIN]
571 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
573 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
576 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
578 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
580 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
583 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
588 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
591 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
594 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
595 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
597 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
598 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
601 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
602 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
605 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
606 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
607 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
609 elfcorehdr= [X86-32, X86_64]
610 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
611 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
612 pass this option to capture kernel.
613 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
615 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
617 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
618 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
619 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
621 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
624 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
625 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
627 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
628 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
629 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
631 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
636 fail_make_request=[KNL]
637 General fault injection mechanism.
638 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
639 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
642 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
645 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
648 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
651 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
652 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
653 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
654 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
659 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
661 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
662 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
666 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
667 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
668 for IA-64, off otherwise.
669 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
671 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
673 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
674 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
676 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
677 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
679 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
680 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
681 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
682 size on bigger boxes.
684 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
685 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
689 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
691 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
693 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
694 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
695 keyboard and cannot control its state
696 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
697 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
698 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
699 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
701 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
704 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
705 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
706 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
707 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
711 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
712 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
714 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
715 does not match list of supported models.
717 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
718 (disabled by default)
719 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
722 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
723 See Documentation/mca.txt.
726 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
728 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
729 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
730 See Documentation/ide.txt.
732 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
733 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
734 See Documentation/ide.txt.
736 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
737 See Documentation/ide.txt.
740 Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait
741 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly improves the performance
742 of waking up a idle CPU, but will use a lot of power and make the system
743 run hot. Not recommended.
744 idle=mwait. On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but the kernel chose
745 to not use it because it doesn't save as much power as a normal idle
746 loop use the MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be the same
749 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
750 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
751 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
754 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
757 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
761 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
764 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
765 for working out where the kernel is dying during
768 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
770 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
775 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
776 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
777 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
780 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
782 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
783 See comment before ip2_setup() in
784 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
786 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
787 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
789 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
791 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
793 Format: <port>,<port>....
796 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
797 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
801 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
802 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
803 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
807 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
809 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
811 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
813 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
815 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
816 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
817 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
818 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
819 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
820 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
821 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
823 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
824 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
825 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
826 suboptimal load balancer performance.
830 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
831 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
833 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
834 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
835 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
836 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
837 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
838 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
839 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
840 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
841 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
842 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
843 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
844 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
845 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
846 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
849 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
850 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
851 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
852 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
853 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
854 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
855 is specified, the administrator must be careful
856 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
861 kstack=N [X86-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
866 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
869 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86-32,x86-64,APIC] trust the local apic timer in
872 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
876 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
877 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
879 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
882 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
885 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
888 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
891 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
894 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
895 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
896 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
897 loglevels are defined as follows:
899 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
900 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
901 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
902 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
903 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
904 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
905 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
906 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
908 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
909 Format: { n | nk | nM }
910 n must be a power of two. The default size
911 is set in the kernel config file.
913 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
914 This may be used to provide more screen space for
915 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
916 kernel boot problems.
918 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
919 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
920 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
921 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
922 specified in addition to the ports) causes
923 attached printers to be reset. Using
924 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
925 to associate lp devices with, starting with
926 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
927 that lp device, or a parport name such as
928 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
929 port specification list means that device IDs
930 from each port should be examined, to see if
931 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
932 so, the driver will manage that printer.
933 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
936 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
937 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
938 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
939 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
940 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
941 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
942 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
943 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
944 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
945 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
946 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
950 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
952 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
953 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
955 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
956 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
958 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
959 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
960 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
962 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
966 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
967 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
968 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
969 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
972 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
973 equal to this physical address is ignored.
975 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
976 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
979 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
980 Should be between 1 and 16384.
982 mca-pentium [BUGS=X86-32]
986 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
988 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt
990 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
991 See Documentation/md.txt.
994 Format: <first>,<last>
995 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
997 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
998 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
999 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1000 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1001 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1002 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1004 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1007 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
1008 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1009 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1010 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1013 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1014 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1015 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1017 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1018 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1019 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1021 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1022 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1023 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1025 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1026 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1028 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1029 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1035 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1036 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1037 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1038 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1040 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1041 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1042 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1043 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1048 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1049 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1051 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1052 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1055 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1057 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1058 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1059 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1061 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1064 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1068 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1070 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1072 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1074 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1076 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1077 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1078 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1079 something different and driver-specific.
1080 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1084 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1086 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1087 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1089 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1090 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1091 channel should listen.
1093 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1094 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1098 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1099 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1100 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1101 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1102 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1104 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1106 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1107 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1110 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1111 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1112 but will impact performance.
1116 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1117 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1119 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1120 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1124 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1126 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1130 noexec [X86-32,X86-64]
1131 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1132 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1134 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1135 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1136 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1140 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1141 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1144 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1145 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1146 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1147 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1148 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1151 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1152 Valid arguments: on, off
1155 noirqbalance [X86-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1157 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1158 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1160 no_timer_check [X86-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1161 broken timer IRQ sources.
1163 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1165 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1170 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1172 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1174 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1176 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1177 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1179 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1181 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1183 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1184 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1186 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1188 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1189 with UP alternatives
1191 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1193 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1196 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1197 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1198 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1202 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1204 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1205 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1207 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1209 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1211 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1213 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1217 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1218 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1219 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1220 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1222 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1227 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1228 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1230 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1231 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1232 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1234 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1237 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1238 connected to, default is 0.
1240 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1241 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1244 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1245 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1246 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1247 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1248 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1249 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1250 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1251 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1252 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1253 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1254 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1255 are specified on the command line, starting
1258 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1259 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1260 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1261 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1262 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1263 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1264 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1266 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1267 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1270 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1273 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1274 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1275 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1280 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1281 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1283 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1284 off [X86-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1285 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1286 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1287 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1288 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1289 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1290 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1291 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1292 conf1 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1294 conf2 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1296 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1297 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1298 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1299 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1300 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1301 nommconf [X86-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1303 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1304 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1305 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1306 nosort [X86-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1307 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1308 done to get a device order compatible with
1310 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1311 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1312 on several machines and they hang the machine
1313 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1314 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1315 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1316 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1318 rom [X86-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1319 Use with caution as certain devices share
1320 address decoders between ROMs and other
1322 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1323 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1324 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1326 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86-32] Specify the physical address
1327 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1328 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1329 F0000h-100000h range.
1330 lastbus=N [X86-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1331 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1332 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1333 explicitly which ones they are.
1334 assign-busses [X86-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1335 numbers ourselves, overriding
1336 whatever the firmware may have done.
1337 usepirqmask [X86-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1338 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1339 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1340 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1341 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1342 IRQ routing is enabled.
1343 noacpi [X86-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1344 or for PCI scanning.
1345 use_crs [X86-32] Use _CRS for PCI resource
1347 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1348 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1349 so this option is a temporary workaround
1350 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1351 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1352 just use the configuration from the
1353 bootloader. This is currently used on
1354 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1355 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1356 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1357 This might help on some broken boards which
1358 machine check when some devices' config space
1359 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1360 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1361 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1362 This sorting is done to get a device
1363 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1364 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1365 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1366 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1367 The default value is 256 bytes.
1368 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1369 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1370 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1372 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1375 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1377 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1380 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1383 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1386 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1388 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1389 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1391 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1392 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1393 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1399 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1402 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1405 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1407 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1408 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1411 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1413 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1415 print-fatal-signals=
1416 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
1417 print-fatal-signals=1: print segfault info to
1421 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1422 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
1424 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1425 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1426 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1427 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1428 statistical time based profiling.
1429 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1430 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
1432 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1433 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1434 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1436 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1437 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1438 instead using the legacy FADT method
1440 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1442 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1444 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1445 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1446 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1448 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1449 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1452 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1453 psmouse.smartscroll=
1454 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1455 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1457 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1459 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1462 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1465 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
1468 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1473 See Documentation/md.txt.
1475 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1476 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1478 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1479 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1481 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1482 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1484 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1485 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1487 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1488 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1492 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1493 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1495 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1496 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1497 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1499 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1501 reservetop= [X86-32]
1503 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1506 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1507 during initialization.
1510 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1512 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1513 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1514 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1515 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1516 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1518 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1520 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1521 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1523 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1524 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1526 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1528 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1530 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1531 mount the root filesystem
1533 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1535 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1537 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
1538 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
1539 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
1541 root_plug.vendor_id=
1542 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default vendor ID
1544 root_plug.product_id=
1545 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default product ID
1548 [ROOTPLUG] Enable debugging output
1550 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1552 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1555 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1557 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1559 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1560 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1562 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1563 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1565 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1566 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1569 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1570 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1571 (flags are integer value)
1573 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1575 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1576 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1577 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1578 user space to do the scan.
1580 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1581 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1582 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1585 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1586 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1587 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1589 selinux_compat_net =
1590 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1591 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1592 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1593 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1594 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1595 Value can be changed at runtime via
1596 /selinux/compat_net.
1598 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
1601 Maximal number of shapers.
1604 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1611 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
1612 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
1613 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
1614 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
1615 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
1616 last alloc / free. For more information see
1617 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1619 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
1620 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
1621 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
1622 fragmentation. For more information see
1623 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1625 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
1626 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
1627 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
1628 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
1629 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
1630 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
1631 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
1632 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1634 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
1635 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
1636 lower than slub_max_order.
1637 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1639 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
1640 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
1641 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
1642 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
1643 merging on their own.
1644 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1647 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1649 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
1650 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
1652 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
1653 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
1654 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
1655 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
1656 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
1657 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
1658 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
1659 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
1660 1: Fast pin select (default)
1663 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1665 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1667 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1669 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1671 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1673 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1675 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1677 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1679 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1681 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1683 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1685 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1687 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1689 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1691 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1693 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1695 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1697 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1699 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1701 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1703 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1705 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1707 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1709 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1711 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1713 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1715 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1719 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1721 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1723 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1728 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1730 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1732 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1734 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1736 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1738 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1746 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1750 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1752 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1754 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1760 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1762 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1764 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1766 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1771 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1773 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1775 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1777 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1779 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1781 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1783 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1785 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1786 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1788 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1789 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1791 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1797 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1799 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1800 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1803 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1807 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1808 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1809 as the initial boot-console.
1810 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1813 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1816 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1820 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
1821 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
1822 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
1823 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
1824 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
1825 NFS server is running.
1827 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
1828 automatically using heuristics
1829 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
1830 percpu one pool for each CPU
1831 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
1832 to global on non-NUMA machines)
1834 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1838 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1839 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1841 sysrq_always_enabled
1843 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
1844 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
1845 Useful for debugging.
1848 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1852 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1853 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1855 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
1856 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
1857 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
1859 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
1860 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
1861 <degrees C>: lower all critical trip points
1863 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
1864 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
1865 critical and hot trip points.
1867 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
1868 1: disable ACPI thermal control
1870 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
1871 -1: disable all passive trip points
1872 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this value
1874 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
1875 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
1876 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
1877 0: no polling (default)
1879 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1880 [deprecated, see 'printk.time']
1882 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1883 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1886 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1887 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1890 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1893 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1894 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1898 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1900 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1902 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1903 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1905 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1906 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1908 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1909 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1918 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
1919 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
1920 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
1921 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
1922 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
1925 usbcore.autosuspend=
1926 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
1927 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
1928 is the time required before an idle device will be
1929 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
1930 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
1933 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1935 vdso= [X86-32,SH,x86-64]
1936 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
1937 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1938 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1941 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
1943 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1944 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1946 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
1947 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1948 Documentation/svga.txt.
1949 Use vga=ask for menu.
1950 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1951 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1953 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1954 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1955 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1956 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1959 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1962 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1965 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1968 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1969 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1972 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1975 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1978 See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
1980 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1981 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1983 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1985 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1987 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1988 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1990 ______________________________________________________________________
1994 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1995 Add more DRM drivers.