1 Naming and data format standards for sysfs files
2 ------------------------------------------------
4 The libsensors library offers an interface to the raw sensors data
5 through the sysfs interface. See libsensors documentation and source for
6 further information. As of writing this document, libsensors
7 (from lm_sensors 2.8.3) is heavily chip-dependent. Adding or updating
8 support for any given chip requires modifying the library's code.
9 This is because libsensors was written for the procfs interface
10 older kernel modules were using, which wasn't standardized enough.
11 Recent versions of libsensors (from lm_sensors 2.8.2 and later) have
12 support for the sysfs interface, though.
14 The new sysfs interface was designed to be as chip-independent as
17 Note that motherboards vary widely in the connections to sensor chips.
18 There is no standard that ensures, for example, that the second
19 temperature sensor is connected to the CPU, or that the second fan is on
20 the CPU. Also, some values reported by the chips need some computation
21 before they make full sense. For example, most chips can only measure
22 voltages between 0 and +4V. Other voltages are scaled back into that
23 range using external resistors. Since the values of these resistors
24 can change from motherboard to motherboard, the conversions cannot be
25 hard coded into the driver and have to be done in user space.
27 For this reason, even if we aim at a chip-independent libsensors, it will
28 still require a configuration file (e.g. /etc/sensors.conf) for proper
29 values conversion, labeling of inputs and hiding of unused inputs.
31 An alternative method that some programs use is to access the sysfs
32 files directly. This document briefly describes the standards that the
33 drivers follow, so that an application program can scan for entries and
34 access this data in a simple and consistent way. That said, such programs
35 will have to implement conversion, labeling and hiding of inputs. For
36 this reason, it is still not recommended to bypass the library.
38 If you are developing a userspace application please send us feedback on
41 Note that this standard isn't completely established yet, so it is subject
42 to changes. If you are writing a new hardware monitoring driver those
43 features can't seem to fit in this interface, please contact us with your
44 extension proposal. Keep in mind that backward compatibility must be
47 Each chip gets its own directory in the sysfs /sys/devices tree. To
48 find all sensor chips, it is easier to follow the device symlinks from
49 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*.
51 All sysfs values are fixed point numbers.
53 There is only one value per file, unlike the older /proc specification.
54 The common scheme for files naming is: <type><number>_<item>. Usual
55 types for sensor chips are "in" (voltage), "temp" (temperature) and
56 "fan" (fan). Usual items are "input" (measured value), "max" (high
57 threshold, "min" (low threshold). Numbering usually starts from 1,
58 except for voltages which start from 0 (because most data sheets use
59 this). A number is always used for elements that can be present more
60 than once, even if there is a single element of the given type on the
61 specific chip. Other files do not refer to a specific element, so
62 they have a simple name, and no number.
64 Alarms are direct indications read from the chips. The drivers do NOT
65 make comparisons of readings to thresholds. This allows violations
66 between readings to be caught and alarmed. The exact definition of an
67 alarm (for example, whether a threshold must be met or must be exceeded
68 to cause an alarm) is chip-dependent.
71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
73 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
74 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
78 Read/write values may be read-only for some chips, depending on the
79 hardware implementation.
81 All entries (except name) are optional, and should only be created in a
82 given driver if the chip has the feature.
90 This should be a short, lowercase string, not containing
91 spaces nor dashes, representing the chip name. This is
92 the only mandatory attribute.
93 I2C devices get this attribute created automatically.
101 in[0-*]_min Voltage min value.
105 in[0-*]_max Voltage max value.
109 in[0-*]_input Voltage input value.
112 Voltage measured on the chip pin.
113 Actual voltage depends on the scaling resistors on the
114 motherboard, as recommended in the chip datasheet.
115 This varies by chip and by motherboard.
116 Because of this variation, values are generally NOT scaled
117 by the chip driver, and must be done by the application.
118 However, some drivers (notably lm87 and via686a)
119 do scale, because of internal resistors built into a chip.
120 These drivers will output the actual voltage. Rule of
121 thumb: drivers should report the voltage values at the
124 in[0-*]_label Suggested voltage channel label.
126 Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
127 this voltage channel is being used for, and user-space
128 doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
132 cpu[0-*]_vid CPU core reference voltage.
137 vrm Voltage Regulator Module version number.
138 RW (but changing it should no more be necessary)
139 Originally the VRM standard version multiplied by 10, but now
140 an arbitrary number, as not all standards have a version
142 Affects the way the driver calculates the CPU core reference
143 voltage from the vid pins.
145 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with voltages.
152 fan[1-*]_min Fan minimum value
153 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
156 fan[1-*]_input Fan input value.
157 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
160 fan[1-*]_div Fan divisor.
161 Integer value in powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).
163 Some chips only support values 1, 2, 4 and 8.
164 Note that this is actually an internal clock divisor, which
165 affects the measurable speed range, not the read value.
169 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
171 Only makes sense if the chip supports closed-loop fan speed
172 control based on the measured fan speed.
174 fan[1-*]_label Suggested fan channel label.
176 Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
177 this fan channel is being used for, and user-space doesn't.
178 In all other cases, the label is provided by user-space.
181 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with fans.
188 pwm[1-*] Pulse width modulation fan control.
189 Integer value in the range 0 to 255
194 Fan speed control method:
195 0: no fan speed control (i.e. fan at full speed)
196 1: manual fan speed control enabled (using pwm[1-*])
197 2+: automatic fan speed control enabled
198 Check individual chip documentation files for automatic mode
202 pwm[1-*]_mode 0: DC mode (direct current)
203 1: PWM mode (pulse-width modulation)
206 pwm[1-*]_freq Base PWM frequency in Hz.
207 Only possibly available when pwmN_mode is PWM, but not always
211 pwm[1-*]_auto_channels_temp
212 Select which temperature channels affect this PWM output in
213 auto mode. Bitfield, 1 is temp1, 2 is temp2, 4 is temp3 etc...
214 Which values are possible depend on the chip used.
217 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_pwm
218 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp
219 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
220 Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
221 chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
222 to PWM output channels.
227 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_pwm
228 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp
229 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
230 Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
231 chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
232 to temperature channels.
240 temp[1-*]_type Sensor type selection.
249 Not all types are supported by all chips
251 temp[1-*]_max Temperature max value.
252 Unit: millidegree Celsius (or millivolt, see below)
255 temp[1-*]_min Temperature min value.
256 Unit: millidegree Celsius
260 Temperature hysteresis value for max limit.
261 Unit: millidegree Celsius
262 Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
266 temp[1-*]_input Temperature input value.
267 Unit: millidegree Celsius
270 temp[1-*]_crit Temperature critical value, typically greater than
271 corresponding temp_max values.
272 Unit: millidegree Celsius
276 Temperature hysteresis value for critical limit.
277 Unit: millidegree Celsius
278 Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
279 from the critical value.
283 Temperature offset which is added to the temperature reading
285 Unit: millidegree Celsius
288 temp[1-*]_label Suggested temperature channel label.
290 Should only be created if the driver has hints about what
291 this temperature channel is being used for, and user-space
292 doesn't. In all other cases, the label is provided by
296 Some chips measure temperature using external thermistors and an ADC, and
297 report the temperature measurement as a voltage. Converting this voltage
298 back to a temperature (or the other way around for limits) requires
299 mathematical functions not available in the kernel, so the conversion
300 must occur in user space. For these chips, all temp* files described
301 above should contain values expressed in millivolt instead of millidegree
302 Celsius. In other words, such temperature channels are handled as voltage
303 channels by the driver.
305 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with temperatures.
312 Note that no known chip provides current measurements as of writing,
313 so this part is theoretical, so to say.
315 curr[1-*]_max Current max value
319 curr[1-*]_min Current min value.
323 curr[1-*]_input Current input value
332 Each channel or limit may have an associated alarm file, containing a
333 boolean value. 1 means than an alarm condition exists, 0 means no alarm.
335 Usually a given chip will either use channel-related alarms, or
336 limit-related alarms, not both. The driver should just reflect the hardware
360 Each input channel may have an associated fault file. This can be used
361 to notify open diodes, unconnected fans etc. where the hardware
362 supports it. When this boolean has value 1, the measurement for that
363 channel should not be trusted.
368 Input fault condition
373 Some chips also offer the possibility to get beeped when an alarm occurs:
375 beep_enable Master beep enable
388 In theory, a chip could provide per-limit beep masking, but no such chip
391 Old drivers provided a different, non-standard interface to alarms and
392 beeps. These interface files are deprecated, but will be kept around
393 for compatibility reasons:
395 alarms Alarm bitmask.
397 Integer representation of one to four bytes.
398 A '1' bit means an alarm.
399 Chips should be programmed for 'comparator' mode so that
400 the alarm will 'come back' after you read the register
401 if it is still valid.
402 Generally a direct representation of a chip's internal
403 alarm registers; there is no standard for the position
404 of individual bits. For this reason, the use of this
405 interface file for new drivers is discouraged. Use
406 individual *_alarm and *_fault files instead.
407 Bits are defined in kernel/include/sensors.h.
409 beep_mask Bitmask for beep.
410 Same format as 'alarms' with the same bit locations,
411 use discouraged for the same reason. Use individual
412 *_beep files instead.