1 /*P:600 The x86 architecture has segments, which involve a table of descriptors
2 * which can be used to do funky things with virtual address interpretation.
3 * We originally used to use segments so the Guest couldn't alter the
4 * Guest<->Host Switcher, and then we had to trim Guest segments, and restore
5 * for userspace per-thread segments, but trim again for on userspace->kernel
6 * transitions... This nightmarish creation was contained within this file,
7 * where we knew not to tread without heavy armament and a change of underwear.
9 * In these modern times, the segment handling code consists of simple sanity
10 * checks, and the worst you'll experience reading this code is butterfly-rash
11 * from frolicking through its parklike serenity. :*/
15 * We've almost completed the Host; there's just one file to go!
17 * Segments & The Global Descriptor Table
19 * (That title sounds like a bad Nerdcore group. Not to suggest that there are
20 * any good Nerdcore groups, but in high school a friend of mine had a band
21 * called Joe Fish and the Chips, so there are definitely worse band names).
23 * To refresh: the GDT is a table of 8-byte values describing segments. Once
24 * set up, these segments can be loaded into one of the 6 "segment registers".
26 * GDT entries are passed around as "struct desc_struct"s, which like IDT
27 * entries are split into two 32-bit members, "a" and "b". One day, someone
28 * will clean that up, and be declared a Hero. (No pressure, I'm just saying).
30 * Anyway, the GDT entry contains a base (the start address of the segment), a
31 * limit (the size of the segment - 1), and some flags. Sounds simple, and it
32 * would be, except those zany Intel engineers decided that it was too boring
33 * to put the base at one end, the limit at the other, and the flags in
34 * between. They decided to shotgun the bits at random throughout the 8 bytes,
38 * [ limit part 1 ][ base part 1 ][ flags ][li][fl][base ]
42 * As a result, this file contains a certain amount of magic numeracy. Let's
46 /* There are several entries we don't let the Guest set. The TSS entry is the
47 * "Task State Segment" which controls all kinds of delicate things. The
48 * LGUEST_CS and LGUEST_DS entries are reserved for the Switcher, and the
49 * the Guest can't be trusted to deal with double faults. */
50 static int ignored_gdt(unsigned int num)
52 return (num == GDT_ENTRY_TSS
53 || num == GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_CS
54 || num == GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_DS
55 || num == GDT_ENTRY_DOUBLEFAULT_TSS);
58 /*H:610 Once the GDT has been changed, we fix the new entries up a little. We
59 * don't care if they're invalid: the worst that can happen is a General
60 * Protection Fault in the Switcher when it restores a Guest segment register
61 * which tries to use that entry. Then we kill the Guest for causing such a
62 * mess: the message will be "unhandled trap 256". */
63 static void fixup_gdt_table(struct lguest *lg, unsigned start, unsigned end)
67 for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
68 /* We never copy these ones to real GDT, so we don't care what
73 /* Segment descriptors contain a privilege level: the Guest is
74 * sometimes careless and leaves this as 0, even though it's
75 * running at privilege level 1. If so, we fix it here. */
76 if ((lg->gdt[i].b & 0x00006000) == 0)
77 lg->gdt[i].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
79 /* Each descriptor has an "accessed" bit. If we don't set it
80 * now, the CPU will try to set it when the Guest first loads
81 * that entry into a segment register. But the GDT isn't
82 * writable by the Guest, so bad things can happen. */
83 lg->gdt[i].b |= 0x00000100;
87 /* This routine is called at boot or modprobe time for each CPU to set up the
88 * "constant" GDT entries for Guests running on that CPU. */
89 void setup_default_gdt_entries(struct lguest_ro_state *state)
91 struct desc_struct *gdt = state->guest_gdt;
92 unsigned long tss = (unsigned long)&state->guest_tss;
94 /* The hypervisor segments are full 0-4G segments, privilege level 0 */
95 gdt[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT;
96 gdt[GDT_ENTRY_LGUEST_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT;
98 /* The TSS segment refers to the TSS entry for this CPU, so we cannot
99 * copy it from the Guest. Forgive the magic flags */
100 gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TSS].a = 0x00000067 | (tss << 16);
101 gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TSS].b = 0x00008900 | (tss & 0xFF000000)
102 | ((tss >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
105 /* This routine is called before the Guest is run for the first time. */
106 void setup_guest_gdt(struct lguest *lg)
108 /* Start with full 0-4G segments... */
109 lg->gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS] = FULL_EXEC_SEGMENT;
110 lg->gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS] = FULL_SEGMENT;
111 /* ...except the Guest is allowed to use them, so set the privilege
112 * level appropriately in the flags. */
113 lg->gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_CS].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
114 lg->gdt[GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_DS].b |= (GUEST_PL << 13);
117 /* Like the IDT, we never simply use the GDT the Guest gives us. We set up the
118 * GDTs for each CPU, then we copy across the entries each time we want to run
119 * a different Guest on that CPU. */
121 /* A partial GDT load, for the three "thead-local storage" entries. Otherwise
122 * it's just like load_guest_gdt(). So much, in fact, it would probably be
123 * neater to have a single hypercall to cover both. */
124 void copy_gdt_tls(const struct lguest *lg, struct desc_struct *gdt)
128 for (i = GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MIN; i <= GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MAX; i++)
132 /* This is the full version */
133 void copy_gdt(const struct lguest *lg, struct desc_struct *gdt)
137 /* The default entries from setup_default_gdt_entries() are not
138 * replaced. See ignored_gdt() above. */
139 for (i = 0; i < GDT_ENTRIES; i++)
144 /* This is where the Guest asks us to load a new GDT (LHCALL_LOAD_GDT). */
145 void load_guest_gdt(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long table, u32 num)
147 /* We assume the Guest has the same number of GDT entries as the
148 * Host, otherwise we'd have to dynamically allocate the Guest GDT. */
149 if (num > ARRAY_SIZE(lg->gdt))
150 kill_guest(lg, "too many gdt entries %i", num);
152 /* We read the whole thing in, then fix it up. */
153 lgread(lg, lg->gdt, table, num * sizeof(lg->gdt[0]));
154 fixup_gdt_table(lg, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(lg->gdt));
155 /* Mark that the GDT changed so the core knows it has to copy it again,
156 * even if the Guest is run on the same CPU. */
157 lg->changed |= CHANGED_GDT;
160 void guest_load_tls(struct lguest *lg, unsigned long gtls)
162 struct desc_struct *tls = &lg->gdt[GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MIN];
164 lgread(lg, tls, gtls, sizeof(*tls)*GDT_ENTRY_TLS_ENTRIES);
165 fixup_gdt_table(lg, GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MIN, GDT_ENTRY_TLS_MAX+1);
166 lg->changed |= CHANGED_GDT_TLS;
170 * With this, we have finished the Host.
172 * Five of the seven parts of our task are complete. You have made it through
173 * the Bit of Despair (I think that's somewhere in the page table code,
176 * Next, we examine "make Switcher". It's short, but intense.