1 /* Basic authentication token and access key management
3 * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4 * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
9 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/poison.h>
15 #include <linux/sched.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/security.h>
18 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
19 #include <linux/random.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
23 static struct kmem_cache *key_jar;
24 struct rb_root key_serial_tree; /* tree of keys indexed by serial */
25 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(key_serial_lock);
27 struct rb_root key_user_tree; /* tree of quota records indexed by UID */
28 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(key_user_lock);
30 unsigned int key_quota_root_maxkeys = 200; /* root's key count quota */
31 unsigned int key_quota_root_maxbytes = 20000; /* root's key space quota */
32 unsigned int key_quota_maxkeys = 200; /* general key count quota */
33 unsigned int key_quota_maxbytes = 20000; /* general key space quota */
35 static LIST_HEAD(key_types_list);
36 static DECLARE_RWSEM(key_types_sem);
38 static void key_cleanup(struct work_struct *work);
39 static DECLARE_WORK(key_cleanup_task, key_cleanup);
41 /* we serialise key instantiation and link */
42 DEFINE_MUTEX(key_construction_mutex);
44 /* any key who's type gets unegistered will be re-typed to this */
45 static struct key_type key_type_dead = {
50 void __key_check(const struct key *key)
52 printk("__key_check: key %p {%08x} should be {%08x}\n",
53 key, key->magic, KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC);
58 /*****************************************************************************/
60 * get the key quota record for a user, allocating a new record if one doesn't
63 struct key_user *key_user_lookup(uid_t uid)
65 struct key_user *candidate = NULL, *user;
66 struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
70 p = &key_user_tree.rb_node;
71 spin_lock(&key_user_lock);
73 /* search the tree for a user record with a matching UID */
76 user = rb_entry(parent, struct key_user, node);
80 else if (uid > user->uid)
86 /* if we get here, we failed to find a match in the tree */
88 /* allocate a candidate user record if we don't already have
90 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
93 candidate = kmalloc(sizeof(struct key_user), GFP_KERNEL);
94 if (unlikely(!candidate))
97 /* the allocation may have scheduled, so we need to repeat the
98 * search lest someone else added the record whilst we were
103 /* if we get here, then the user record still hadn't appeared on the
104 * second pass - so we use the candidate record */
105 atomic_set(&candidate->usage, 1);
106 atomic_set(&candidate->nkeys, 0);
107 atomic_set(&candidate->nikeys, 0);
108 candidate->uid = uid;
109 candidate->qnkeys = 0;
110 candidate->qnbytes = 0;
111 spin_lock_init(&candidate->lock);
112 mutex_init(&candidate->cons_lock);
114 rb_link_node(&candidate->node, parent, p);
115 rb_insert_color(&candidate->node, &key_user_tree);
116 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
120 /* okay - we found a user record for this UID */
122 atomic_inc(&user->usage);
123 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
128 } /* end key_user_lookup() */
130 /*****************************************************************************/
132 * dispose of a user structure
134 void key_user_put(struct key_user *user)
136 if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&user->usage, &key_user_lock)) {
137 rb_erase(&user->node, &key_user_tree);
138 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
143 } /* end key_user_put() */
145 /*****************************************************************************/
147 * assign a key the next unique serial number
148 * - these are assigned randomly to avoid security issues through covert
151 static inline void key_alloc_serial(struct key *key)
153 struct rb_node *parent, **p;
156 /* propose a random serial number and look for a hole for it in the
157 * serial number tree */
159 get_random_bytes(&key->serial, sizeof(key->serial));
161 key->serial >>= 1; /* negative numbers are not permitted */
162 } while (key->serial < 3);
164 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
168 p = &key_serial_tree.rb_node;
172 xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);
174 if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
176 else if (key->serial > xkey->serial)
182 /* we've found a suitable hole - arrange for this key to occupy it */
183 rb_link_node(&key->serial_node, parent, p);
184 rb_insert_color(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);
186 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
189 /* we found a key with the proposed serial number - walk the tree from
190 * that point looking for the next unused serial number */
194 if (key->serial < 3) {
196 goto attempt_insertion;
199 parent = rb_next(parent);
201 goto attempt_insertion;
203 xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);
204 if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
205 goto attempt_insertion;
208 } /* end key_alloc_serial() */
210 /*****************************************************************************/
212 * allocate a key of the specified type
213 * - update the user's quota to reflect the existence of the key
214 * - called from a key-type operation with key_types_sem read-locked by
215 * key_create_or_update()
216 * - this prevents unregistration of the key type
217 * - upon return the key is as yet uninstantiated; the caller needs to either
218 * instantiate the key or discard it before returning
220 struct key *key_alloc(struct key_type *type, const char *desc,
221 uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const struct cred *cred,
222 key_perm_t perm, unsigned long flags)
224 struct key_user *user = NULL;
226 size_t desclen, quotalen;
229 key = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
233 desclen = strlen(desc) + 1;
234 quotalen = desclen + type->def_datalen;
236 /* get hold of the key tracking for this user */
237 user = key_user_lookup(uid);
241 /* check that the user's quota permits allocation of another key and
243 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA)) {
244 unsigned maxkeys = (uid == 0) ?
245 key_quota_root_maxkeys : key_quota_maxkeys;
246 unsigned maxbytes = (uid == 0) ?
247 key_quota_root_maxbytes : key_quota_maxbytes;
249 spin_lock(&user->lock);
250 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_QUOTA_OVERRUN)) {
251 if (user->qnkeys + 1 >= maxkeys ||
252 user->qnbytes + quotalen >= maxbytes ||
253 user->qnbytes + quotalen < user->qnbytes)
258 user->qnbytes += quotalen;
259 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
262 /* allocate and initialise the key and its description */
263 key = kmem_cache_alloc(key_jar, GFP_KERNEL);
268 key->description = kmemdup(desc, desclen, GFP_KERNEL);
269 if (!key->description)
273 atomic_set(&key->usage, 1);
274 init_rwsem(&key->sem);
277 key->quotalen = quotalen;
278 key->datalen = type->def_datalen;
284 key->payload.data = NULL;
285 key->security = NULL;
287 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA))
288 key->flags |= 1 << KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA;
290 memset(&key->type_data, 0, sizeof(key->type_data));
293 key->magic = KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC;
296 /* let the security module know about the key */
297 ret = security_key_alloc(key, cred, flags);
301 /* publish the key by giving it a serial number */
302 atomic_inc(&user->nkeys);
303 key_alloc_serial(key);
309 kfree(key->description);
310 kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
311 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA)) {
312 spin_lock(&user->lock);
314 user->qnbytes -= quotalen;
315 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
322 kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
324 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA)) {
325 spin_lock(&user->lock);
327 user->qnbytes -= quotalen;
328 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
332 key = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
336 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
338 key = ERR_PTR(-EDQUOT);
341 } /* end key_alloc() */
343 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_alloc);
345 /*****************************************************************************/
347 * reserve an amount of quota for the key's payload
349 int key_payload_reserve(struct key *key, size_t datalen)
351 int delta = (int) datalen - key->datalen;
356 /* contemplate the quota adjustment */
357 if (delta != 0 && test_bit(KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA, &key->flags)) {
358 unsigned maxbytes = (key->user->uid == 0) ?
359 key_quota_root_maxbytes : key_quota_maxbytes;
361 spin_lock(&key->user->lock);
364 (key->user->qnbytes + delta >= maxbytes ||
365 key->user->qnbytes + delta < key->user->qnbytes)) {
369 key->user->qnbytes += delta;
370 key->quotalen += delta;
372 spin_unlock(&key->user->lock);
375 /* change the recorded data length if that didn't generate an error */
377 key->datalen = datalen;
381 } /* end key_payload_reserve() */
383 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_payload_reserve);
385 /*****************************************************************************/
387 * instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
388 * - called with the target keyring's semaphore writelocked
390 static int __key_instantiate_and_link(struct key *key,
404 mutex_lock(&key_construction_mutex);
406 /* can't instantiate twice */
407 if (!test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags)) {
408 /* instantiate the key */
409 ret = key->type->instantiate(key, data, datalen);
412 /* mark the key as being instantiated */
413 atomic_inc(&key->user->nikeys);
414 set_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags);
416 if (test_and_clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT, &key->flags))
419 /* and link it into the destination keyring */
421 ret = __key_link(keyring, key);
423 /* disable the authorisation key */
429 mutex_unlock(&key_construction_mutex);
431 /* wake up anyone waiting for a key to be constructed */
433 wake_up_bit(&key->flags, KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT);
437 } /* end __key_instantiate_and_link() */
439 /*****************************************************************************/
441 * instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
443 int key_instantiate_and_link(struct key *key,
452 down_write(&keyring->sem);
454 ret = __key_instantiate_and_link(key, data, datalen, keyring, authkey);
457 up_write(&keyring->sem);
461 } /* end key_instantiate_and_link() */
463 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_instantiate_and_link);
465 /*****************************************************************************/
467 * negatively instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
469 int key_negate_and_link(struct key *key,
484 down_write(&keyring->sem);
486 mutex_lock(&key_construction_mutex);
488 /* can't instantiate twice */
489 if (!test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags)) {
490 /* mark the key as being negatively instantiated */
491 atomic_inc(&key->user->nikeys);
492 set_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
493 set_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags);
494 now = current_kernel_time();
495 key->expiry = now.tv_sec + timeout;
497 if (test_and_clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT, &key->flags))
502 /* and link it into the destination keyring */
504 ret = __key_link(keyring, key);
506 /* disable the authorisation key */
511 mutex_unlock(&key_construction_mutex);
514 up_write(&keyring->sem);
516 /* wake up anyone waiting for a key to be constructed */
518 wake_up_bit(&key->flags, KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT);
522 } /* end key_negate_and_link() */
524 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_negate_and_link);
526 /*****************************************************************************/
528 * do cleaning up in process context so that we don't have to disable
529 * interrupts all over the place
531 static void key_cleanup(struct work_struct *work)
537 /* look for a dead key in the tree */
538 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
540 for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
541 key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);
543 if (atomic_read(&key->usage) == 0)
547 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
551 /* we found a dead key - once we've removed it from the tree, we can
553 rb_erase(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);
554 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
558 security_key_free(key);
560 /* deal with the user's key tracking and quota */
561 if (test_bit(KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA, &key->flags)) {
562 spin_lock(&key->user->lock);
564 key->user->qnbytes -= key->quotalen;
565 spin_unlock(&key->user->lock);
568 atomic_dec(&key->user->nkeys);
569 if (test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags))
570 atomic_dec(&key->user->nikeys);
572 key_user_put(key->user);
574 /* now throw away the key memory */
575 if (key->type->destroy)
576 key->type->destroy(key);
578 kfree(key->description);
581 key->magic = KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC_X;
583 kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
585 /* there may, of course, be more than one key to destroy */
588 } /* end key_cleanup() */
590 /*****************************************************************************/
592 * dispose of a reference to a key
593 * - when all the references are gone, we schedule the cleanup task to come and
594 * pull it out of the tree in definite process context
596 void key_put(struct key *key)
601 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&key->usage))
602 schedule_work(&key_cleanup_task);
605 } /* end key_put() */
607 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_put);
609 /*****************************************************************************/
611 * find a key by its serial number
613 struct key *key_lookup(key_serial_t id)
618 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
620 /* search the tree for the specified key */
621 n = key_serial_tree.rb_node;
623 key = rb_entry(n, struct key, serial_node);
625 if (id < key->serial)
627 else if (id > key->serial)
634 key = ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);
638 /* pretend it doesn't exist if it's dead */
639 if (atomic_read(&key->usage) == 0 ||
640 test_bit(KEY_FLAG_DEAD, &key->flags) ||
641 key->type == &key_type_dead)
644 /* this races with key_put(), but that doesn't matter since key_put()
645 * doesn't actually change the key
647 atomic_inc(&key->usage);
650 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
653 } /* end key_lookup() */
655 /*****************************************************************************/
657 * find and lock the specified key type against removal
658 * - we return with the sem readlocked
660 struct key_type *key_type_lookup(const char *type)
662 struct key_type *ktype;
664 down_read(&key_types_sem);
666 /* look up the key type to see if it's one of the registered kernel
668 list_for_each_entry(ktype, &key_types_list, link) {
669 if (strcmp(ktype->name, type) == 0)
670 goto found_kernel_type;
673 up_read(&key_types_sem);
674 ktype = ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);
679 } /* end key_type_lookup() */
681 /*****************************************************************************/
685 void key_type_put(struct key_type *ktype)
687 up_read(&key_types_sem);
689 } /* end key_type_put() */
691 /*****************************************************************************/
693 * attempt to update an existing key
694 * - the key has an incremented refcount
695 * - we need to put the key if we get an error
697 static inline key_ref_t __key_update(key_ref_t key_ref,
698 const void *payload, size_t plen)
700 struct key *key = key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref);
703 /* need write permission on the key to update it */
704 ret = key_permission(key_ref, KEY_WRITE);
709 if (!key->type->update)
712 down_write(&key->sem);
714 ret = key->type->update(key, payload, plen);
716 /* updating a negative key instantiates it */
717 clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
728 key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
731 } /* end __key_update() */
733 /*****************************************************************************/
735 * search the specified keyring for a key of the same description; if one is
736 * found, update it, otherwise add a new one
738 key_ref_t key_create_or_update(key_ref_t keyring_ref,
740 const char *description,
746 const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
747 struct key_type *ktype;
748 struct key *keyring, *key = NULL;
752 /* look up the key type to see if it's one of the registered kernel
754 ktype = key_type_lookup(type);
756 key_ref = ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
760 key_ref = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
761 if (!ktype->match || !ktype->instantiate)
764 keyring = key_ref_to_ptr(keyring_ref);
768 key_ref = ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
769 if (keyring->type != &key_type_keyring)
772 down_write(&keyring->sem);
774 /* if we're going to allocate a new key, we're going to have
775 * to modify the keyring */
776 ret = key_permission(keyring_ref, KEY_WRITE);
778 key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
782 /* if it's possible to update this type of key, search for an existing
783 * key of the same type and description in the destination keyring and
784 * update that instead if possible
787 key_ref = __keyring_search_one(keyring_ref, ktype, description,
789 if (!IS_ERR(key_ref))
790 goto found_matching_key;
793 /* if the client doesn't provide, decide on the permissions we want */
794 if (perm == KEY_PERM_UNDEF) {
795 perm = KEY_POS_VIEW | KEY_POS_SEARCH | KEY_POS_LINK | KEY_POS_SETATTR;
796 perm |= KEY_USR_VIEW | KEY_USR_SEARCH | KEY_USR_LINK | KEY_USR_SETATTR;
799 perm |= KEY_POS_READ | KEY_USR_READ;
801 if (ktype == &key_type_keyring || ktype->update)
802 perm |= KEY_USR_WRITE;
805 /* allocate a new key */
806 key = key_alloc(ktype, description, cred->fsuid, cred->fsgid, cred,
809 key_ref = ERR_CAST(key);
813 /* instantiate it and link it into the target keyring */
814 ret = __key_instantiate_and_link(key, payload, plen, keyring, NULL);
817 key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
821 key_ref = make_key_ref(key, is_key_possessed(keyring_ref));
824 up_write(&keyring->sem);
831 /* we found a matching key, so we're going to try to update it
832 * - we can drop the locks first as we have the key pinned
834 up_write(&keyring->sem);
837 key_ref = __key_update(key_ref, payload, plen);
840 } /* end key_create_or_update() */
842 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_create_or_update);
844 /*****************************************************************************/
848 int key_update(key_ref_t key_ref, const void *payload, size_t plen)
850 struct key *key = key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref);
855 /* the key must be writable */
856 ret = key_permission(key_ref, KEY_WRITE);
860 /* attempt to update it if supported */
862 if (key->type->update) {
863 down_write(&key->sem);
865 ret = key->type->update(key, payload, plen);
867 /* updating a negative key instantiates it */
868 clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
876 } /* end key_update() */
878 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_update);
880 /*****************************************************************************/
884 void key_revoke(struct key *key)
888 /* make sure no one's trying to change or use the key when we mark it
889 * - we tell lockdep that we might nest because we might be revoking an
890 * authorisation key whilst holding the sem on a key we've just
893 down_write_nested(&key->sem, 1);
894 if (!test_and_set_bit(KEY_FLAG_REVOKED, &key->flags) &&
896 key->type->revoke(key);
900 } /* end key_revoke() */
902 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_revoke);
904 /*****************************************************************************/
906 * register a type of key
908 int register_key_type(struct key_type *ktype)
914 down_write(&key_types_sem);
916 /* disallow key types with the same name */
917 list_for_each_entry(p, &key_types_list, link) {
918 if (strcmp(p->name, ktype->name) == 0)
923 list_add(&ktype->link, &key_types_list);
927 up_write(&key_types_sem);
930 } /* end register_key_type() */
932 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_key_type);
934 /*****************************************************************************/
936 * unregister a type of key
938 void unregister_key_type(struct key_type *ktype)
943 down_write(&key_types_sem);
945 /* withdraw the key type */
946 list_del_init(&ktype->link);
948 /* mark all the keys of this type dead */
949 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
951 for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
952 key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);
954 if (key->type == ktype)
955 key->type = &key_type_dead;
958 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
960 /* make sure everyone revalidates their keys */
963 /* we should now be able to destroy the payloads of all the keys of
964 * this type with impunity */
965 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
967 for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
968 key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);
970 if (key->type == ktype) {
973 memset(&key->payload, KEY_DESTROY, sizeof(key->payload));
977 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
978 up_write(&key_types_sem);
980 } /* end unregister_key_type() */
982 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_key_type);
984 /*****************************************************************************/
986 * initialise the key management stuff
988 void __init key_init(void)
990 /* allocate a slab in which we can store keys */
991 key_jar = kmem_cache_create("key_jar", sizeof(struct key),
992 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
994 /* add the special key types */
995 list_add_tail(&key_type_keyring.link, &key_types_list);
996 list_add_tail(&key_type_dead.link, &key_types_list);
997 list_add_tail(&key_type_user.link, &key_types_list);
999 /* record the root user tracking */
1000 rb_link_node(&root_key_user.node,
1002 &key_user_tree.rb_node);
1004 rb_insert_color(&root_key_user.node,
1007 } /* end key_init() */