1 /*P:200 This contains all the /dev/lguest code, whereby the userspace launcher
2 * controls and communicates with the Guest. For example, the first write will
3 * tell us the Guest's memory layout, pagetable, entry point and kernel address
4 * offset. A read will run the Guest until something happens, such as a signal
5 * or the Guest doing a NOTIFY out to the Launcher. :*/
6 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
7 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
11 /*L:055 When something happens, the Waker process needs a way to stop the
12 * kernel running the Guest and return to the Launcher. So the Waker writes
13 * LHREQ_BREAK and the value "1" to /dev/lguest to do this. Once the Launcher
14 * has done whatever needs attention, it writes LHREQ_BREAK and "0" to release
16 static int break_guest_out(struct lguest *lg, const unsigned long __user *input)
20 /* Fetch whether they're turning break on or off. */
21 if (get_user(on, input) != 0)
26 /* Pop it out of the Guest (may be running on different CPU) */
27 wake_up_process(lg->tsk);
28 /* Wait for them to reset it */
29 return wait_event_interruptible(lg->break_wq, !lg->break_out);
32 wake_up(&lg->break_wq);
37 /*L:050 Sending an interrupt is done by writing LHREQ_IRQ and an interrupt
38 * number to /dev/lguest. */
39 static int user_send_irq(struct lguest *lg, const unsigned long __user *input)
43 if (get_user(irq, input) != 0)
45 if (irq >= LGUEST_IRQS)
47 /* Next time the Guest runs, the core code will see if it can deliver
49 set_bit(irq, lg->irqs_pending);
53 /*L:040 Once our Guest is initialized, the Launcher makes it run by reading
54 * from /dev/lguest. */
55 static ssize_t read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t*o)
57 struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
59 /* You must write LHREQ_INITIALIZE first! */
63 /* If you're not the task which owns the Guest, go away. */
64 if (current != lg->tsk)
67 /* If the guest is already dead, we indicate why */
71 /* lg->dead either contains an error code, or a string. */
73 return PTR_ERR(lg->dead);
75 /* We can only return as much as the buffer they read with. */
76 len = min(size, strlen(lg->dead)+1);
77 if (copy_to_user(user, lg->dead, len) != 0)
82 /* If we returned from read() last time because the Guest notified,
84 if (lg->pending_notify)
85 lg->pending_notify = 0;
87 /* Run the Guest until something interesting happens. */
88 return run_guest(lg, (unsigned long __user *)user);
91 /*L:020 The initialization write supplies 4 pointer sized (32 or 64 bit)
92 * values (in addition to the LHREQ_INITIALIZE value). These are:
94 * base: The start of the Guest-physical memory inside the Launcher memory.
96 * pfnlimit: The highest (Guest-physical) page number the Guest should be
97 * allowed to access. The Guest memory lives inside the Launcher, so it sets
98 * this to ensure the Guest can only reach its own memory.
100 * pgdir: The (Guest-physical) address of the top of the initial Guest
101 * pagetables (which are set up by the Launcher).
103 * start: The first instruction to execute ("eip" in x86-speak).
105 static int initialize(struct file *file, const unsigned long __user *input)
107 /* "struct lguest" contains everything we (the Host) know about a
111 unsigned long args[4];
113 /* We grab the Big Lguest lock, which protects against multiple
114 * simultaneous initializations. */
115 mutex_lock(&lguest_lock);
116 /* You can't initialize twice! Close the device and start again... */
117 if (file->private_data) {
122 if (copy_from_user(args, input, sizeof(args)) != 0) {
127 lg = kzalloc(sizeof(*lg), GFP_KERNEL);
133 /* Populate the easy fields of our "struct lguest" */
134 lg->mem_base = (void __user *)(long)args[0];
135 lg->pfn_limit = args[1];
137 /* We need a complete page for the Guest registers: they are accessible
138 * to the Guest and we can only grant it access to whole pages. */
139 lg->regs_page = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
140 if (!lg->regs_page) {
144 /* We actually put the registers at the bottom of the page. */
145 lg->regs = (void *)lg->regs_page + PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(*lg->regs);
147 /* Initialize the Guest's shadow page tables, using the toplevel
148 * address the Launcher gave us. This allocates memory, so can
150 err = init_guest_pagetable(lg, args[2]);
154 /* Now we initialize the Guest's registers, handing it the start
156 lguest_arch_setup_regs(lg, args[3]);
158 /* The timer for lguest's clock needs initialization. */
161 /* We keep a pointer to the Launcher task (ie. current task) for when
162 * other Guests want to wake this one (inter-Guest I/O). */
164 /* We need to keep a pointer to the Launcher's memory map, because if
165 * the Launcher dies we need to clean it up. If we don't keep a
166 * reference, it is destroyed before close() is called. */
167 lg->mm = get_task_mm(lg->tsk);
169 /* Initialize the queue for the waker to wait on */
170 init_waitqueue_head(&lg->break_wq);
172 /* We remember which CPU's pages this Guest used last, for optimization
173 * when the same Guest runs on the same CPU twice. */
174 lg->last_pages = NULL;
176 /* We keep our "struct lguest" in the file's private_data. */
177 file->private_data = lg;
179 mutex_unlock(&lguest_lock);
181 /* And because this is a write() call, we return the length used. */
185 free_page(lg->regs_page);
187 memset(lg, 0, sizeof(*lg));
189 mutex_unlock(&lguest_lock);
193 /*L:010 The first operation the Launcher does must be a write. All writes
194 * start with an unsigned long number: for the first write this must be
195 * LHREQ_INITIALIZE to set up the Guest. After that the Launcher can use
196 * writes of other values to send interrupts. */
197 static ssize_t write(struct file *file, const char __user *in,
198 size_t size, loff_t *off)
200 /* Once the guest is initialized, we hold the "struct lguest" in the
201 * file private data. */
202 struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
203 const unsigned long __user *input = (const unsigned long __user *)in;
206 if (get_user(req, input) != 0)
210 /* If you haven't initialized, you must do that first. */
211 if (req != LHREQ_INITIALIZE && !lg)
214 /* Once the Guest is dead, all you can do is read() why it died. */
218 /* If you're not the task which owns the Guest, you can only break */
219 if (lg && current != lg->tsk && req != LHREQ_BREAK)
223 case LHREQ_INITIALIZE:
224 return initialize(file, input);
226 return user_send_irq(lg, input);
228 return break_guest_out(lg, input);
234 /*L:060 The final piece of interface code is the close() routine. It reverses
235 * everything done in initialize(). This is usually called because the
238 * Note that the close routine returns 0 or a negative error number: it can't
239 * really fail, but it can whine. I blame Sun for this wart, and K&R C for
240 * letting them do it. :*/
241 static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
243 struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
245 /* If we never successfully initialized, there's nothing to clean up */
249 /* We need the big lock, to protect from inter-guest I/O and other
250 * Launchers initializing guests. */
251 mutex_lock(&lguest_lock);
252 /* Cancels the hrtimer set via LHCALL_SET_CLOCKEVENT. */
253 hrtimer_cancel(&lg->hrt);
254 /* Free up the shadow page tables for the Guest. */
255 free_guest_pagetable(lg);
256 /* Now all the memory cleanups are done, it's safe to release the
257 * Launcher's memory management structure. */
259 /* If lg->dead doesn't contain an error code it will be NULL or a
260 * kmalloc()ed string, either of which is ok to hand to kfree(). */
261 if (!IS_ERR(lg->dead))
263 /* We can free up the register page we allocated. */
264 free_page(lg->regs_page);
265 /* We clear the entire structure, which also marks it as free for the
267 memset(lg, 0, sizeof(*lg));
268 /* Release lock and exit. */
269 mutex_unlock(&lguest_lock);
275 * Welcome to our journey through the Launcher!
277 * The Launcher is the Host userspace program which sets up, runs and services
278 * the Guest. In fact, many comments in the Drivers which refer to "the Host"
279 * doing things are inaccurate: the Launcher does all the device handling for
280 * the Guest, but the Guest can't know that.
282 * Just to confuse you: to the Host kernel, the Launcher *is* the Guest and we
283 * shall see more of that later.
285 * We begin our understanding with the Host kernel interface which the Launcher
286 * uses: reading and writing a character device called /dev/lguest. All the
287 * work happens in the read(), write() and close() routines: */
288 static struct file_operations lguest_fops = {
289 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
295 /* This is a textbook example of a "misc" character device. Populate a "struct
296 * miscdevice" and register it with misc_register(). */
297 static struct miscdevice lguest_dev = {
298 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
300 .fops = &lguest_fops,
303 int __init lguest_device_init(void)
305 return misc_register(&lguest_dev);
308 void __exit lguest_device_remove(void)
310 misc_deregister(&lguest_dev);