2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S
4 * Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
5 * Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
10 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs
14 #include <linux/config.h>
15 #include <linux/linkage.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <asm/assembler.h>
19 #include <asm/domain.h>
20 #include <asm/procinfo.h>
21 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
22 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
23 #include <asm/memory.h>
24 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
25 #include <asm/system.h>
27 #define PROCINFO_MMUFLAGS 8
28 #define PROCINFO_INITFUNC 12
30 #define MACHINFO_TYPE 0
31 #define MACHINFO_PHYSIO 4
32 #define MACHINFO_PGOFFIO 8
33 #define MACHINFO_NAME 12
35 #define KERNEL_RAM_ADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET)
38 * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.
39 * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_ADDR. Therefore, we must
40 * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_ADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect
41 * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably
42 * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_ADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000.
44 #if (KERNEL_RAM_ADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000
45 #error KERNEL_RAM_ADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000
49 .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_ADDR - 0x4000
52 ldr \rd, =(__virt_to_phys(KERNEL_RAM_ADDR - 0x4000))
55 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
56 #define TEXTADDR XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR)
58 #define TEXTADDR KERNEL_RAM_ADDR
62 * Kernel startup entry point.
63 * ---------------------------
65 * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
66 * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
69 * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at
70 * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000).
72 * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine
75 * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific
76 * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified
77 * circumstances, zImage) is for.
80 .type stext, %function
82 msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC @ ensure svc mode
84 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
85 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
86 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
87 bl __lookup_machine_type @ r5=machinfo
88 movs r8, r5 @ invalid machine (r5=0)?
89 beq __error_a @ yes, error 'a'
90 bl __create_page_tables
93 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
94 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
95 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_machine_type
96 * above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be
97 * turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value.
99 ldr r13, __switch_data @ address to jump to after
100 @ mmu has been enabled
101 adr lr, __enable_mmu @ return (PIC) address
102 add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC
104 .type __switch_data, %object
106 .long __mmap_switched
107 .long __data_loc @ r4
108 .long __data_start @ r5
109 .long __bss_start @ r6
111 .long processor_id @ r4
112 .long __machine_arch_type @ r5
113 .long cr_alignment @ r6
114 .long init_thread_union + THREAD_START_SP @ sp
117 * The following fragment of code is executed with the MMU on, and uses
118 * absolute addresses; this is not position independent.
120 * r0 = cp#15 control register
124 .type __mmap_switched, %function
126 adr r3, __switch_data + 4
128 ldmia r3!, {r4, r5, r6, r7}
129 cmp r4, r5 @ Copy data segment if needed
135 mov fp, #0 @ Clear BSS (and zero fp)
140 ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6, sp}
141 str r9, [r4] @ Save processor ID
142 str r1, [r5] @ Save machine type
143 bic r4, r0, #CR_A @ Clear 'A' bit
144 stmia r6, {r0, r4} @ Save control register values
147 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
148 .type secondary_startup, #function
149 ENTRY(secondary_startup)
151 * Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
153 * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup
154 * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type
155 * as it has already been validated by the primary processor.
157 msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC
158 bl __lookup_processor_type
159 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor?
160 moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p'
164 * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up.
166 adr r4, __secondary_data
167 ldmia r4, {r5, r6, r13} @ address to jump to after
168 sub r4, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled
169 ldr r4, [r6, r4] @ get secondary_data.pgdir
170 adr lr, __enable_mmu @ return address
171 add pc, r10, #12 @ initialise processor
172 @ (return control reg)
175 * r6 = &secondary_data
177 ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
178 ldr sp, [r6, #4] @ get secondary_data.stack
180 b secondary_start_kernel
182 .type __secondary_data, %object
186 .long __secondary_switched
187 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
192 * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially
193 * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access
196 .type __enable_mmu, %function
198 #ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
203 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE
206 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
209 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE
212 mov r5, #(domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
213 domain_val(DOMAIN_KERNEL, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
214 domain_val(DOMAIN_TABLE, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
215 domain_val(DOMAIN_IO, DOMAIN_CLIENT))
216 mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register
217 mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer
221 * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible
222 * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
223 * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel
224 * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list.
226 * r0 = cp#15 control register
227 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
229 * other registers depend on the function called upon completion
232 .type __turn_mmu_on, %function
235 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg
236 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg
244 * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest
245 * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which
246 * generally means mapping in the kernel code.
253 * r0, r3, r6, r7 corrupted
254 * r4 = physical page table address
256 .type __create_page_tables, %function
257 __create_page_tables:
258 pgtbl r4 @ page table address
261 * Clear the 16K level 1 swapper page table
273 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MMUFLAGS] @ mmuflags
276 * Create identity mapping for first MB of kernel to
277 * cater for the MMU enable. This identity mapping
278 * will be removed by paging_init(). We use our current program
279 * counter to determine corresponding section base address.
281 mov r6, pc, lsr #20 @ start of kernel section
282 orr r3, r7, r6, lsl #20 @ flags + kernel base
283 str r3, [r4, r6, lsl #2] @ identity mapping
286 * Now setup the pagetables for our kernel direct
287 * mapped region. We round TEXTADDR down to the
288 * nearest megabyte boundary. It is assumed that
289 * the kernel fits within 4 contigous 1MB sections.
291 add r0, r4, #(TEXTADDR & 0xff000000) >> 18 @ start of kernel
292 str r3, [r0, #(TEXTADDR & 0x00f00000) >> 18]!
294 str r3, [r0, #4]! @ KERNEL + 1MB
296 str r3, [r0, #4]! @ KERNEL + 2MB
298 str r3, [r0, #4] @ KERNEL + 3MB
301 * Then map first 1MB of ram in case it contains our boot params.
303 add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> 18
304 orr r6, r7, #PHYS_OFFSET
307 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
309 * Map some ram to cover our .data and .bss areas.
310 * Mapping 3MB should be plenty.
312 sub r3, r4, #PHYS_OFFSET
314 add r0, r0, r3, lsl #2
315 add r6, r6, r3, lsl #20
317 add r6, r6, #(1 << 20)
319 add r6, r6, #(1 << 20)
323 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
324 bic r7, r7, #0x0c @ turn off cacheable
325 @ and bufferable bits
327 * Map in IO space for serial debugging.
328 * This allows debug messages to be output
329 * via a serial console before paging_init.
331 ldr r3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PGOFFIO]
333 rsb r3, r3, #0x4000 @ PTRS_PER_PGD*sizeof(long)
334 cmp r3, #0x0800 @ limit to 512MB
337 ldr r3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PHYSIO]
343 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS)
345 * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map
346 * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages
348 add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> 18
349 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000
352 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
354 * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE
355 * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is
356 * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures.
358 add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> 18
359 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000
361 add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> 18
371 * Exception handling. Something went wrong and we can't proceed. We
372 * ought to tell the user, but since we don't have any guarantee that
373 * we're even running on the right architecture, we do virtually nothing.
375 * If CONFIG_DEBUG_LL is set we try to print out something about the error
376 * and hope for the best (useful if bootloader fails to pass a proper
377 * machine ID for example).
380 .type __error_p, %function
382 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
386 str_p1: .asciz "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported processor variant.\n"
390 .type __error_a, %function
392 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
393 mov r4, r1 @ preserve machine ID
401 ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6} @ get machine desc list
402 sub r4, r3, r4 @ get offset between virt&phys
403 add r5, r5, r4 @ convert virt addresses to
404 add r6, r6, r4 @ physical address space
405 1: ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE] @ get machine type
409 ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_NAME] @ get machine name
414 add r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC @ next machine_desc
420 str_a1: .asciz "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x"
421 str_a2: .asciz ").\n\nAvailable machine support:\n\nID (hex)\tNAME\n"
422 str_a3: .asciz "\nPlease check your kernel config and/or bootloader.\n"
426 .type __error, %function
428 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
430 * Turn the screen red on a error - RiscPC only.
434 orr r3, r3, r3, lsl #8
435 orr r3, r3, r3, lsl #16
446 * Read processor ID register (CP#15, CR0), and look up in the linker-built
447 * supported processor list. Note that we can't use the absolute addresses
448 * for the __proc_info lists since we aren't running with the MMU on
449 * (and therefore, we are not in the correct address space). We have to
450 * calculate the offset.
453 * r3, r4, r6 corrupted
454 * r5 = proc_info pointer in physical address space
457 .type __lookup_processor_type, %function
458 __lookup_processor_type:
460 ldmda r3, {r5, r6, r9}
461 sub r3, r3, r9 @ get offset between virt&phys
462 add r5, r5, r3 @ convert virt addresses to
463 add r6, r6, r3 @ physical address space
464 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
465 1: ldmia r5, {r3, r4} @ value, mask
466 and r4, r4, r9 @ mask wanted bits
469 add r5, r5, #PROC_INFO_SZ @ sizeof(proc_info_list)
472 mov r5, #0 @ unknown processor
476 * This provides a C-API version of the above function.
478 ENTRY(lookup_processor_type)
479 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, r9, lr}
480 bl __lookup_processor_type
482 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, r9, pc}
485 * Look in include/asm-arm/procinfo.h and arch/arm/kernel/arch.[ch] for
486 * more information about the __proc_info and __arch_info structures.
488 .long __proc_info_begin
489 .long __proc_info_end
491 .long __arch_info_begin
492 .long __arch_info_end
495 * Lookup machine architecture in the linker-build list of architectures.
496 * Note that we can't use the absolute addresses for the __arch_info
497 * lists since we aren't running with the MMU on (and therefore, we are
498 * not in the correct address space). We have to calculate the offset.
500 * r1 = machine architecture number
502 * r3, r4, r6 corrupted
503 * r5 = mach_info pointer in physical address space
505 .type __lookup_machine_type, %function
506 __lookup_machine_type:
508 ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6}
509 sub r3, r3, r4 @ get offset between virt&phys
510 add r5, r5, r3 @ convert virt addresses to
511 add r6, r6, r3 @ physical address space
512 1: ldr r3, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE] @ get machine type
513 teq r3, r1 @ matches loader number?
515 add r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC @ next machine_desc
518 mov r5, #0 @ unknown machine
522 * This provides a C-API version of the above function.
524 ENTRY(lookup_machine_type)
525 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, lr}
527 bl __lookup_machine_type
529 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, pc}