2 * INETPEER - A storage for permanent information about peers
4 * This source is covered by the GNU GPL, the same as all kernel sources.
6 * Version: $Id: inetpeer.c,v 1.7 2001/09/20 21:22:50 davem Exp $
8 * Authors: Andrey V. Savochkin <saw@msu.ru>
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
15 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
16 #include <linux/random.h>
17 #include <linux/timer.h>
18 #include <linux/time.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/net.h>
23 #include <net/inetpeer.h>
26 * Theory of operations.
27 * We keep one entry for each peer IP address. The nodes contains long-living
28 * information about the peer which doesn't depend on routes.
29 * At this moment this information consists only of ID field for the next
30 * outgoing IP packet. This field is incremented with each packet as encoded
31 * in inet_getid() function (include/net/inetpeer.h).
32 * At the moment of writing this notes identifier of IP packets is generated
33 * to be unpredictable using this code only for packets subjected
34 * (actually or potentially) to defragmentation. I.e. DF packets less than
35 * PMTU in size uses a constant ID and do not use this code (see
36 * ip_select_ident() in include/net/ip.h).
38 * Route cache entries hold references to our nodes.
39 * New cache entries get references via lookup by destination IP address in
40 * the avl tree. The reference is grabbed only when it's needed i.e. only
41 * when we try to output IP packet which needs an unpredictable ID (see
42 * __ip_select_ident() in net/ipv4/route.c).
43 * Nodes are removed only when reference counter goes to 0.
44 * When it's happened the node may be removed when a sufficient amount of
45 * time has been passed since its last use. The less-recently-used entry can
46 * also be removed if the pool is overloaded i.e. if the total amount of
47 * entries is greater-or-equal than the threshold.
49 * Node pool is organised as an AVL tree.
50 * Such an implementation has been chosen not just for fun. It's a way to
51 * prevent easy and efficient DoS attacks by creating hash collisions. A huge
52 * amount of long living nodes in a single hash slot would significantly delay
53 * lookups performed with disabled BHs.
55 * Serialisation issues.
56 * 1. Nodes may appear in the tree only with the pool write lock held.
57 * 2. Nodes may disappear from the tree only with the pool write lock held
58 * AND reference count being 0.
59 * 3. Nodes appears and disappears from unused node list only under
60 * "inet_peer_unused_lock".
61 * 4. Global variable peer_total is modified under the pool lock.
62 * 5. struct inet_peer fields modification:
63 * avl_left, avl_right, avl_parent, avl_height: pool lock
64 * unused_next, unused_prevp: unused node list lock
65 * refcnt: atomically against modifications on other CPU;
66 * usually under some other lock to prevent node disappearing
67 * dtime: unused node list lock
68 * v4daddr: unchangeable
72 /* Exported for inet_getid inline function. */
73 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inet_peer_idlock);
75 static struct kmem_cache *peer_cachep __read_mostly;
77 #define node_height(x) x->avl_height
78 static struct inet_peer peer_fake_node = {
79 .avl_left = &peer_fake_node,
80 .avl_right = &peer_fake_node,
83 #define peer_avl_empty (&peer_fake_node)
84 static struct inet_peer *peer_root = peer_avl_empty;
85 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(peer_pool_lock);
86 #define PEER_MAXDEPTH 40 /* sufficient for about 2^27 nodes */
88 static int peer_total;
89 /* Exported for sysctl_net_ipv4. */
90 int inet_peer_threshold __read_mostly = 65536 + 128; /* start to throw entries more
91 * aggressively at this stage */
92 int inet_peer_minttl __read_mostly = 120 * HZ; /* TTL under high load: 120 sec */
93 int inet_peer_maxttl __read_mostly = 10 * 60 * HZ; /* usual time to live: 10 min */
94 int inet_peer_gc_mintime __read_mostly = 10 * HZ;
95 int inet_peer_gc_maxtime __read_mostly = 120 * HZ;
97 static struct inet_peer *inet_peer_unused_head;
98 static struct inet_peer **inet_peer_unused_tailp = &inet_peer_unused_head;
99 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(inet_peer_unused_lock);
101 static void peer_check_expire(unsigned long dummy);
102 static DEFINE_TIMER(peer_periodic_timer, peer_check_expire, 0, 0);
105 /* Called from ip_output.c:ip_init */
106 void __init inet_initpeers(void)
110 /* Use the straight interface to information about memory. */
112 /* The values below were suggested by Alexey Kuznetsov
113 * <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>. I don't have any opinion about the values
116 if (si.totalram <= (32768*1024)/PAGE_SIZE)
117 inet_peer_threshold >>= 1; /* max pool size about 1MB on IA32 */
118 if (si.totalram <= (16384*1024)/PAGE_SIZE)
119 inet_peer_threshold >>= 1; /* about 512KB */
120 if (si.totalram <= (8192*1024)/PAGE_SIZE)
121 inet_peer_threshold >>= 2; /* about 128KB */
123 peer_cachep = kmem_cache_create("inet_peer_cache",
124 sizeof(struct inet_peer),
125 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC,
128 /* All the timers, started at system startup tend
129 to synchronize. Perturb it a bit.
131 peer_periodic_timer.expires = jiffies
132 + net_random() % inet_peer_gc_maxtime
133 + inet_peer_gc_maxtime;
134 add_timer(&peer_periodic_timer);
137 /* Called with or without local BH being disabled. */
138 static void unlink_from_unused(struct inet_peer *p)
140 spin_lock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
141 if (p->unused_prevp != NULL) {
142 /* On unused list. */
143 *p->unused_prevp = p->unused_next;
144 if (p->unused_next != NULL)
145 p->unused_next->unused_prevp = p->unused_prevp;
147 inet_peer_unused_tailp = p->unused_prevp;
148 p->unused_prevp = NULL; /* mark it as removed */
150 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
154 * Called with local BH disabled and the pool lock held.
155 * _stack is known to be NULL or not at compile time,
156 * so compiler will optimize the if (_stack) tests.
158 #define lookup(_daddr,_stack) \
160 struct inet_peer *u, **v; \
161 if (_stack != NULL) { \
163 *stackptr++ = &peer_root; \
165 for (u = peer_root; u != peer_avl_empty; ) { \
166 if (_daddr == u->v4daddr) \
168 if ((__force __u32)_daddr < (__force __u32)u->v4daddr) \
172 if (_stack != NULL) \
179 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool write lock held. */
180 #define lookup_rightempty(start) \
182 struct inet_peer *u, **v; \
183 *stackptr++ = &start->avl_left; \
184 v = &start->avl_left; \
185 for (u = *v; u->avl_right != peer_avl_empty; ) { \
193 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool write lock held.
194 * Variable names are the proof of operation correctness.
195 * Look into mm/map_avl.c for more detail description of the ideas. */
196 static void peer_avl_rebalance(struct inet_peer **stack[],
197 struct inet_peer ***stackend)
199 struct inet_peer **nodep, *node, *l, *r;
202 while (stackend > stack) {
209 if (lh > rh + 1) { /* l: RH+2 */
210 struct inet_peer *ll, *lr, *lrl, *lrr;
214 lrh = node_height(lr);
215 if (lrh <= node_height(ll)) { /* ll: RH+1 */
216 node->avl_left = lr; /* lr: RH or RH+1 */
217 node->avl_right = r; /* r: RH */
218 node->avl_height = lrh + 1; /* RH+1 or RH+2 */
219 l->avl_left = ll; /* ll: RH+1 */
220 l->avl_right = node; /* node: RH+1 or RH+2 */
221 l->avl_height = node->avl_height + 1;
223 } else { /* ll: RH, lr: RH+1 */
224 lrl = lr->avl_left; /* lrl: RH or RH-1 */
225 lrr = lr->avl_right; /* lrr: RH or RH-1 */
226 node->avl_left = lrr; /* lrr: RH or RH-1 */
227 node->avl_right = r; /* r: RH */
228 node->avl_height = rh + 1; /* node: RH+1 */
229 l->avl_left = ll; /* ll: RH */
230 l->avl_right = lrl; /* lrl: RH or RH-1 */
231 l->avl_height = rh + 1; /* l: RH+1 */
232 lr->avl_left = l; /* l: RH+1 */
233 lr->avl_right = node; /* node: RH+1 */
234 lr->avl_height = rh + 2;
237 } else if (rh > lh + 1) { /* r: LH+2 */
238 struct inet_peer *rr, *rl, *rlr, *rll;
242 rlh = node_height(rl);
243 if (rlh <= node_height(rr)) { /* rr: LH+1 */
244 node->avl_right = rl; /* rl: LH or LH+1 */
245 node->avl_left = l; /* l: LH */
246 node->avl_height = rlh + 1; /* LH+1 or LH+2 */
247 r->avl_right = rr; /* rr: LH+1 */
248 r->avl_left = node; /* node: LH+1 or LH+2 */
249 r->avl_height = node->avl_height + 1;
251 } else { /* rr: RH, rl: RH+1 */
252 rlr = rl->avl_right; /* rlr: LH or LH-1 */
253 rll = rl->avl_left; /* rll: LH or LH-1 */
254 node->avl_right = rll; /* rll: LH or LH-1 */
255 node->avl_left = l; /* l: LH */
256 node->avl_height = lh + 1; /* node: LH+1 */
257 r->avl_right = rr; /* rr: LH */
258 r->avl_left = rlr; /* rlr: LH or LH-1 */
259 r->avl_height = lh + 1; /* r: LH+1 */
260 rl->avl_right = r; /* r: LH+1 */
261 rl->avl_left = node; /* node: LH+1 */
262 rl->avl_height = lh + 2;
266 node->avl_height = (lh > rh ? lh : rh) + 1;
271 /* Called with local BH disabled and the pool write lock held. */
272 #define link_to_pool(n) \
275 n->avl_left = peer_avl_empty; \
276 n->avl_right = peer_avl_empty; \
278 peer_avl_rebalance(stack, stackptr); \
281 /* May be called with local BH enabled. */
282 static void unlink_from_pool(struct inet_peer *p)
288 write_lock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
289 /* Check the reference counter. It was artificially incremented by 1
290 * in cleanup() function to prevent sudden disappearing. If the
291 * reference count is still 1 then the node is referenced only as `p'
292 * here and from the pool. So under the exclusive pool lock it's safe
293 * to remove the node and free it later. */
294 if (atomic_read(&p->refcnt) == 1) {
295 struct inet_peer **stack[PEER_MAXDEPTH];
296 struct inet_peer ***stackptr, ***delp;
297 if (lookup(p->v4daddr, stack) != p)
299 delp = stackptr - 1; /* *delp[0] == p */
300 if (p->avl_left == peer_avl_empty) {
301 *delp[0] = p->avl_right;
304 /* look for a node to insert instead of p */
306 t = lookup_rightempty(p);
307 BUG_ON(*stackptr[-1] != t);
308 **--stackptr = t->avl_left;
309 /* t is removed, t->v4daddr > x->v4daddr for any
310 * x in p->avl_left subtree.
311 * Put t in the old place of p. */
313 t->avl_left = p->avl_left;
314 t->avl_right = p->avl_right;
315 t->avl_height = p->avl_height;
316 BUG_ON(delp[1] != &p->avl_left);
317 delp[1] = &t->avl_left; /* was &p->avl_left */
319 peer_avl_rebalance(stack, stackptr);
323 write_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
326 kmem_cache_free(peer_cachep, p);
328 /* The node is used again. Decrease the reference counter
329 * back. The loop "cleanup -> unlink_from_unused
330 * -> unlink_from_pool -> putpeer -> link_to_unused
331 * -> cleanup (for the same node)"
332 * doesn't really exist because the entry will have a
333 * recent deletion time and will not be cleaned again soon. */
337 /* May be called with local BH enabled. */
338 static int cleanup_once(unsigned long ttl)
342 /* Remove the first entry from the list of unused nodes. */
343 spin_lock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
344 p = inet_peer_unused_head;
346 __u32 delta = (__u32)jiffies - p->dtime;
348 /* Do not prune fresh entries. */
349 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
352 inet_peer_unused_head = p->unused_next;
353 if (p->unused_next != NULL)
354 p->unused_next->unused_prevp = p->unused_prevp;
356 inet_peer_unused_tailp = p->unused_prevp;
357 p->unused_prevp = NULL; /* mark as not on the list */
358 /* Grab an extra reference to prevent node disappearing
359 * before unlink_from_pool() call. */
360 atomic_inc(&p->refcnt);
362 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
365 /* It means that the total number of USED entries has
366 * grown over inet_peer_threshold. It shouldn't really
367 * happen because of entry limits in route cache. */
374 /* Called with or without local BH being disabled. */
375 struct inet_peer *inet_getpeer(__be32 daddr, int create)
377 struct inet_peer *p, *n;
378 struct inet_peer **stack[PEER_MAXDEPTH], ***stackptr;
380 /* Look up for the address quickly. */
381 read_lock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
382 p = lookup(daddr, NULL);
383 if (p != peer_avl_empty)
384 atomic_inc(&p->refcnt);
385 read_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
387 if (p != peer_avl_empty) {
388 /* The existing node has been found. */
389 /* Remove the entry from unused list if it was there. */
390 unlink_from_unused(p);
397 /* Allocate the space outside the locked region. */
398 n = kmem_cache_alloc(peer_cachep, GFP_ATOMIC);
402 atomic_set(&n->refcnt, 1);
403 atomic_set(&n->rid, 0);
404 n->ip_id_count = secure_ip_id(daddr);
407 write_lock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
408 /* Check if an entry has suddenly appeared. */
409 p = lookup(daddr, stack);
410 if (p != peer_avl_empty)
415 n->unused_prevp = NULL; /* not on the list */
417 write_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
419 if (peer_total >= inet_peer_threshold)
420 /* Remove one less-recently-used entry. */
426 /* The appropriate node is already in the pool. */
427 atomic_inc(&p->refcnt);
428 write_unlock_bh(&peer_pool_lock);
429 /* Remove the entry from unused list if it was there. */
430 unlink_from_unused(p);
431 /* Free preallocated the preallocated node. */
432 kmem_cache_free(peer_cachep, n);
436 /* Called with local BH disabled. */
437 static void peer_check_expire(unsigned long dummy)
439 unsigned long now = jiffies;
442 if (peer_total >= inet_peer_threshold)
443 ttl = inet_peer_minttl;
445 ttl = inet_peer_maxttl
446 - (inet_peer_maxttl - inet_peer_minttl) / HZ *
447 peer_total / inet_peer_threshold * HZ;
448 while (!cleanup_once(ttl)) {
453 /* Trigger the timer after inet_peer_gc_mintime .. inet_peer_gc_maxtime
454 * interval depending on the total number of entries (more entries,
456 if (peer_total >= inet_peer_threshold)
457 peer_periodic_timer.expires = jiffies + inet_peer_gc_mintime;
459 peer_periodic_timer.expires = jiffies
460 + inet_peer_gc_maxtime
461 - (inet_peer_gc_maxtime - inet_peer_gc_mintime) / HZ *
462 peer_total / inet_peer_threshold * HZ;
463 add_timer(&peer_periodic_timer);
466 void inet_putpeer(struct inet_peer *p)
468 spin_lock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);
469 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&p->refcnt)) {
470 p->unused_prevp = inet_peer_unused_tailp;
471 p->unused_next = NULL;
472 *inet_peer_unused_tailp = p;
473 inet_peer_unused_tailp = &p->unused_next;
474 p->dtime = (__u32)jiffies;
476 spin_unlock_bh(&inet_peer_unused_lock);