1 S/390 driver model interfaces
2 -----------------------------
7 All devices which can be addressed by means of ccws are called 'CCW devices' -
8 even if they aren't actually driven by ccws.
10 All ccw devices are accessed via a subchannel, this is reflected in the
11 structures under devices/:
21 In this example, device 0815 is accessed via subchannel 0, device 4711 via
22 subchannel 1, and subchannel 2 is a non-I/O subchannel.
24 You should address a ccw device via its bus id (e.g. 0.0.4711); the device can
25 be found under bus/ccw/devices/.
27 All ccw devices export some data via sysfs.
29 cutype: The control unit type / model.
31 devtype: The device type / model, if applicable.
33 availability: Can be 'good' or 'boxed'; 'no path' or 'no device' for
36 online: An interface to set the device online and offline.
37 In the special case of the device being disconnected (see the
38 notify function under 1.2), piping 0 to online will forcibly delete
41 The device drivers can add entries to export per-device data and interfaces.
43 There is also some data exported on a per-subchannel basis (see under
46 chpids: Via which chpids the device is connected.
48 pimpampom: The path installed, path available and path operational masks.
50 There also might be additional data, for example for block devices.
53 1.1 Bringing up a ccw device
54 ----------------------------
56 This is done in several steps.
58 a. Each driver can provide one or more parameter interfaces where parameters can
59 be specified. These interfaces are also in the driver's responsibility.
60 b. After a. has been performed, if necessary, the device is finally brought up
61 via the 'online' interface.
64 1.2 Writing a driver for ccw devices
65 ------------------------------------
67 The basic struct ccw_device and struct ccw_driver data structures can be found
68 under include/asm/ccwdev.h.
72 struct ccw_device_private *private;
73 struct ccw_device_id id;
75 struct ccw_driver *drv;
79 void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm,
85 struct ccw_device_id *ids;
86 int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *);
87 int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *);
88 int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *);
89 int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *);
90 int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int);
91 struct device_driver driver;
95 The 'private' field contains data needed for internal i/o operation only, and
96 is not available to the device driver.
98 Each driver should declare in a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE into which CU types/models
99 and/or device types/models it is interested. This information can later be found
100 found in the struct ccw_device_id fields:
102 struct ccw_device_id {
110 unsigned long driver_info;
113 The functions in ccw_driver should be used in the following way:
114 probe: This function is called by the device layer for each device the driver
115 is interested in. The driver should only allocate private structures
116 to put in dev->driver_data and create attributes (if needed). Also,
117 the interrupt handler (see below) should be set here.
119 int (*probe) (struct ccw_device *cdev);
121 Parameters: cdev - the device to be probed.
124 remove: This function is called by the device layer upon removal of the driver,
125 the device or the module. The driver should perform cleanups here.
127 int (*remove) (struct ccw_device *cdev);
129 Parameters: cdev - the device to be removed.
132 set_online: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is
133 activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should finally
134 setup and activate the device here.
136 int (*set_online) (struct ccw_device *);
138 Parameters: cdev - the device to be activated. The common layer has
139 verified that the device is not already online.
142 set_offline: This function is called by the common I/O layer when the device is
143 de-activated via the 'online' attribute. The driver should shut
144 down the device, but not de-allocate its private data.
146 int (*set_offline) (struct ccw_device *);
148 Parameters: cdev - the device to be deactivated. The common layer has
149 verified that the device is online.
152 notify: This function is called by the common I/O layer for some state changes
154 Signalled to the driver are:
155 * In online state, device detached (CIO_GONE) or last path gone
156 (CIO_NO_PATH). The driver must return !0 to keep the device; for
157 return code 0, the device will be deleted as usual (also when no
158 notify function is registerd). If the driver wants to keep the
159 device, it is moved into disconnected state.
160 * In disconnected state, device operational again (CIO_OPER). The
161 common I/O layer performs some sanity checks on device number and
162 Device / CU to be reasonably sure if it is still the same device.
163 If not, the old device is removed and a new one registered. By the
164 return code of the notify function the device driver signals if it
165 wants the device back: !0 for keeping, 0 to make the device being
166 removed and re-registered.
168 int (*notify) (struct ccw_device *, int);
170 Parameters: cdev - the device whose state changed.
171 event - the event that happened. This can be one of CIO_GONE,
172 CIO_NO_PATH or CIO_OPER.
174 The handler field of the struct ccw_device is meant to be set to the interrupt
175 handler for the device. In order to accommodate drivers which use several
176 distinct handlers (e.g. multi subchannel devices), this is a member of ccw_device
177 instead of ccw_driver.
178 The handler is registered with the common layer during set_online() processing
179 before the driver is called, and is deregistered during set_offline() after the
180 driver has been called. Also, after registering / before deregistering, path
181 grouping resp. disbanding of the path group (if applicable) are performed.
183 void (*handler) (struct ccw_device *dev, unsigned long intparm, struct irb *irb);
185 Parameters: dev - the device the handler is called for
186 intparm - the intparm which allows the device driver to identify
187 the i/o the interrupt is associated with, or to recognize
188 the interrupt as unsolicited.
189 irb - interruption response block which contains the accumulated
192 The device driver is called from the common ccw_device layer and can retrieve
193 information about the interrupt from the irb parameter.
199 The ccwgroup mechanism is designed to handle devices consisting of multiple ccw
200 devices, like lcs or ctc.
202 The ccw driver provides a 'group' attribute. Piping bus ids of ccw devices to
203 this attributes creates a ccwgroup device consisting of these ccw devices (if
204 possible). This ccwgroup device can be set online or offline just like a normal
207 Each ccwgroup device also provides an 'ungroup' attribute to destroy the device
208 again (only when offline). This is a generic ccwgroup mechanism (the driver does
209 not need to implement anything beyond normal removal routines).
211 To implement a ccwgroup driver, please refer to include/asm/ccwgroup.h. Keep in
212 mind that most drivers will need to implement both a ccwgroup and a ccw driver
213 (unless you have a meta ccw driver, like cu3088 for lcs and ctc).
219 Channel paths show up, like subchannels, under the channel subsystem root (css0)
220 and are called 'chp0.<chpid>'. They have no driver and do not belong to any bus.
221 Please note, that unlike /proc/chpids in 2.4, the channel path objects reflect
222 only the logical state and not the physical state, since we cannot track the
223 latter consistently due to lacking machine support (we don't need to be aware
226 status - Can be 'online' or 'offline'.
227 Piping 'on' or 'off' sets the chpid logically online/offline.
228 Piping 'on' to an online chpid triggers path reprobing for all devices
229 the chpid connects to. This can be used to force the kernel to re-use
230 a channel path the user knows to be online, but the machine hasn't
231 created a machine check for.
240 xpram shows up under devices/system/ as 'xpram'.
245 For each cpu, a directory is created under devices/system/cpu/. Each cpu has an
246 attribute 'online' which can be 0 or 1.
255 The netiucv driver creates an attribute 'connection' under
256 bus/iucv/drivers/netiucv. Piping to this attibute creates a new netiucv
257 connection to the specified host.
259 Netiucv connections show up under devices/iucv/ as "netiucv<ifnum>". The interface
260 number is assigned sequentially to the connections defined via the 'connection'
263 user - shows the connection partner.
265 buffer - maximum buffer size.
266 Pipe to it to change buffer size.