2 * linux/arch/x86-64/mm/fault.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
8 #include <linux/config.h>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/smp.h>
19 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
20 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
21 #include <linux/init.h>
22 #include <linux/tty.h>
23 #include <linux/vt_kern.h> /* For unblank_screen() */
24 #include <linux/compiler.h>
25 #include <linux/module.h>
26 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
28 #include <asm/system.h>
29 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
30 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
32 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
33 #include <asm/proto.h>
34 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
35 #include <asm-generic/sections.h>
36 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
38 void bust_spinlocks(int yes)
40 int loglevel_save = console_loglevel;
49 * OK, the message is on the console. Now we call printk()
50 * without oops_in_progress set so that printk will give klogd
51 * a poke. Hold onto your hats...
53 console_loglevel = 15; /* NMI oopser may have shut the console up */
55 console_loglevel = loglevel_save;
59 /* Sometimes the CPU reports invalid exceptions on prefetch.
60 Check that here and ignore.
61 Opcode checker based on code by Richard Brunner */
62 static noinline int is_prefetch(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr,
63 unsigned long error_code)
68 unsigned char *max_instr;
70 /* If it was a exec fault ignore */
71 if (error_code & (1<<4))
74 instr = (unsigned char *)convert_rip_to_linear(current, regs);
75 max_instr = instr + 15;
77 if (user_mode(regs) && instr >= (unsigned char *)TASK_SIZE)
80 while (scan_more && instr < max_instr) {
82 unsigned char instr_hi;
83 unsigned char instr_lo;
85 if (__get_user(opcode, instr))
88 instr_hi = opcode & 0xf0;
89 instr_lo = opcode & 0x0f;
95 /* Values 0x26,0x2E,0x36,0x3E are valid x86
96 prefixes. In long mode, the CPU will signal
97 invalid opcode if some of these prefixes are
98 present so we will never get here anyway */
99 scan_more = ((instr_lo & 7) == 0x6);
103 /* In AMD64 long mode, 0x40 to 0x4F are valid REX prefixes
104 Need to figure out under what instruction mode the
105 instruction was issued ... */
106 /* Could check the LDT for lm, but for now it's good
107 enough to assume that long mode only uses well known
108 segments or kernel. */
109 scan_more = (!user_mode(regs)) || (regs->cs == __USER_CS);
113 /* 0x64 thru 0x67 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
114 scan_more = (instr_lo & 0xC) == 0x4;
117 /* 0xF0, 0xF2, and 0xF3 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
118 scan_more = !instr_lo || (instr_lo>>1) == 1;
121 /* Prefetch instruction is 0x0F0D or 0x0F18 */
123 if (__get_user(opcode, instr))
125 prefetch = (instr_lo == 0xF) &&
126 (opcode == 0x0D || opcode == 0x18);
136 static int bad_address(void *p)
139 return __get_user(dummy, (unsigned long *)p);
142 void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address)
149 asm("movq %%cr3,%0" : "=r" (pgd));
151 pgd = __va((unsigned long)pgd & PHYSICAL_PAGE_MASK);
152 pgd += pgd_index(address);
153 printk("PGD %lx ", pgd_val(*pgd));
154 if (bad_address(pgd)) goto bad;
155 if (!pgd_present(*pgd)) goto ret;
157 pud = __pud_offset_k((pud_t *)pgd_page(*pgd), address);
158 if (bad_address(pud)) goto bad;
159 printk("PUD %lx ", pud_val(*pud));
160 if (!pud_present(*pud)) goto ret;
162 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
163 if (bad_address(pmd)) goto bad;
164 printk("PMD %lx ", pmd_val(*pmd));
165 if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) goto ret;
167 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
168 if (bad_address(pte)) goto bad;
169 printk("PTE %lx", pte_val(*pte));
177 static const char errata93_warning[] =
178 KERN_ERR "******* Your BIOS seems to not contain a fix for K8 errata #93\n"
179 KERN_ERR "******* Working around it, but it may cause SEGVs or burn power.\n"
180 KERN_ERR "******* Please consider a BIOS update.\n"
181 KERN_ERR "******* Disabling USB legacy in the BIOS may also help.\n";
183 /* Workaround for K8 erratum #93 & buggy BIOS.
184 BIOS SMM functions are required to use a specific workaround
185 to avoid corruption of the 64bit RIP register on C stepping K8.
186 A lot of BIOS that didn't get tested properly miss this.
187 The OS sees this as a page fault with the upper 32bits of RIP cleared.
188 Try to work around it here.
189 Note we only handle faults in kernel here. */
191 static int is_errata93(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
194 if (address != regs->rip)
196 if ((address >> 32) != 0)
198 address |= 0xffffffffUL << 32;
199 if ((address >= (u64)_stext && address <= (u64)_etext) ||
200 (address >= MODULES_VADDR && address <= MODULES_END)) {
202 printk(errata93_warning);
211 int unhandled_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, int sig)
215 if (tsk->ptrace & PT_PTRACED)
217 return (tsk->sighand->action[sig-1].sa.sa_handler == SIG_IGN) ||
218 (tsk->sighand->action[sig-1].sa.sa_handler == SIG_DFL);
221 static noinline void pgtable_bad(unsigned long address, struct pt_regs *regs,
222 unsigned long error_code)
224 unsigned long flags = oops_begin();
226 printk(KERN_ALERT "%s: Corrupted page table at address %lx\n",
227 current->comm, address);
228 dump_pagetable(address);
229 __die("Bad pagetable", regs, error_code);
235 * Handle a fault on the vmalloc or module mapping area
237 * This assumes no large pages in there.
239 static int vmalloc_fault(unsigned long address)
241 pgd_t *pgd, *pgd_ref;
242 pud_t *pud, *pud_ref;
243 pmd_t *pmd, *pmd_ref;
244 pte_t *pte, *pte_ref;
246 /* Copy kernel mappings over when needed. This can also
247 happen within a race in page table update. In the later
250 pgd = pgd_offset(current->mm ?: &init_mm, address);
251 pgd_ref = pgd_offset_k(address);
252 if (pgd_none(*pgd_ref))
255 set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_ref);
257 /* Below here mismatches are bugs because these lower tables
260 pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
261 pud_ref = pud_offset(pgd_ref, address);
262 if (pud_none(*pud_ref))
264 if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_page(*pud) != pud_page(*pud_ref))
266 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
267 pmd_ref = pmd_offset(pud_ref, address);
268 if (pmd_none(*pmd_ref))
270 if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_page(*pmd) != pmd_page(*pmd_ref))
272 pte_ref = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_ref, address);
273 if (!pte_present(*pte_ref))
275 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
276 /* Don't use pte_page here, because the mappings can point
277 outside mem_map, and the NUMA hash lookup cannot handle
279 if (!pte_present(*pte) || pte_pfn(*pte) != pte_pfn(*pte_ref))
285 int page_fault_trace = 0;
286 int exception_trace = 1;
289 * This routine handles page faults. It determines the address,
290 * and the problem, and then passes it off to one of the appropriate
294 * bit 0 == 0 means no page found, 1 means protection fault
295 * bit 1 == 0 means read, 1 means write
296 * bit 2 == 0 means kernel, 1 means user-mode
297 * bit 3 == 1 means fault was an instruction fetch
299 asmlinkage void __kprobes do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs,
300 unsigned long error_code)
302 struct task_struct *tsk;
303 struct mm_struct *mm;
304 struct vm_area_struct * vma;
305 unsigned long address;
306 const struct exception_table_entry *fixup;
311 /* get the address */
312 __asm__("movq %%cr2,%0":"=r" (address));
313 if (notify_die(DIE_PAGE_FAULT, "page fault", regs, error_code, 14,
314 SIGSEGV) == NOTIFY_STOP)
317 if (likely(regs->eflags & X86_EFLAGS_IF))
320 if (unlikely(page_fault_trace))
321 printk("pagefault rip:%lx rsp:%lx cs:%lu ss:%lu address %lx error %lx\n",
322 regs->rip,regs->rsp,regs->cs,regs->ss,address,error_code);
326 info.si_code = SEGV_MAPERR;
330 * We fault-in kernel-space virtual memory on-demand. The
331 * 'reference' page table is init_mm.pgd.
333 * NOTE! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case. We may
334 * be in an interrupt or a critical region, and should
335 * only copy the information from the master page table,
338 * This verifies that the fault happens in kernel space
339 * (error_code & 4) == 0, and that the fault was not a
340 * protection error (error_code & 1) == 0.
342 if (unlikely(address >= TASK_SIZE64)) {
343 if (!(error_code & 5) &&
344 ((address >= VMALLOC_START && address < VMALLOC_END) ||
345 (address >= MODULES_VADDR && address < MODULES_END))) {
346 if (vmalloc_fault(address) < 0)
347 goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
351 * Don't take the mm semaphore here. If we fixup a prefetch
352 * fault we could otherwise deadlock.
354 goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
357 if (unlikely(error_code & (1 << 3)))
358 pgtable_bad(address, regs, error_code);
361 * If we're in an interrupt or have no user
362 * context, we must not take the fault..
364 if (unlikely(in_atomic() || !mm))
365 goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
368 /* When running in the kernel we expect faults to occur only to
369 * addresses in user space. All other faults represent errors in the
370 * kernel and should generate an OOPS. Unfortunatly, in the case of an
371 * erroneous fault occuring in a code path which already holds mmap_sem
372 * we will deadlock attempting to validate the fault against the
373 * address space. Luckily the kernel only validly references user
374 * space from well defined areas of code, which are listed in the
377 * As the vast majority of faults will be valid we will only perform
378 * the source reference check when there is a possibilty of a deadlock.
379 * Attempt to lock the address space, if we cannot we then validate the
380 * source. If this is invalid we can skip the address space check,
381 * thus avoiding the deadlock.
383 if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
384 if ((error_code & 4) == 0 &&
385 !search_exception_tables(regs->rip))
386 goto bad_area_nosemaphore;
387 down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
390 vma = find_vma(mm, address);
393 if (likely(vma->vm_start <= address))
395 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
397 if (error_code & 4) {
398 // XXX: align red zone size with ABI
399 if (address + 128 < regs->rsp)
402 if (expand_stack(vma, address))
405 * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so
409 info.si_code = SEGV_ACCERR;
411 switch (error_code & 3) {
412 default: /* 3: write, present */
414 case 2: /* write, not present */
415 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
419 case 1: /* read, present */
421 case 0: /* read, not present */
422 if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_EXEC)))
427 * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault,
428 * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
431 switch (handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, write)) {
438 case VM_FAULT_SIGBUS:
444 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
448 * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map..
449 * Fix it, but check if it's kernel or user first..
452 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
454 bad_area_nosemaphore:
455 /* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */
456 if (error_code & 4) {
457 if (is_prefetch(regs, address, error_code))
460 /* Work around K8 erratum #100 K8 in compat mode
461 occasionally jumps to illegal addresses >4GB. We
462 catch this here in the page fault handler because
463 these addresses are not reachable. Just detect this
464 case and return. Any code segment in LDT is
465 compatibility mode. */
466 if ((regs->cs == __USER32_CS || (regs->cs & (1<<2))) &&
470 if (exception_trace && unhandled_signal(tsk, SIGSEGV)) {
472 "%s%s[%d]: segfault at %016lx rip %016lx rsp %016lx error %lx\n",
473 tsk->pid > 1 ? KERN_INFO : KERN_EMERG,
474 tsk->comm, tsk->pid, address, regs->rip,
475 regs->rsp, error_code);
478 tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
479 /* Kernel addresses are always protection faults */
480 tsk->thread.error_code = error_code | (address >= TASK_SIZE);
481 tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
482 info.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
484 /* info.si_code has been set above */
485 info.si_addr = (void __user *)address;
486 force_sig_info(SIGSEGV, &info, tsk);
492 /* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault? */
493 fixup = search_exception_tables(regs->rip);
495 regs->rip = fixup->fixup;
500 * Hall of shame of CPU/BIOS bugs.
503 if (is_prefetch(regs, address, error_code))
506 if (is_errata93(regs, address))
510 * Oops. The kernel tried to access some bad page. We'll have to
511 * terminate things with extreme prejudice.
514 flags = oops_begin();
516 if (address < PAGE_SIZE)
517 printk(KERN_ALERT "Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference");
519 printk(KERN_ALERT "Unable to handle kernel paging request");
520 printk(" at %016lx RIP: \n" KERN_ALERT,address);
521 printk_address(regs->rip);
523 dump_pagetable(address);
524 __die("Oops", regs, error_code);
525 /* Executive summary in case the body of the oops scrolled away */
526 printk(KERN_EMERG "CR2: %016lx\n", address);
531 * We ran out of memory, or some other thing happened to us that made
532 * us unable to handle the page fault gracefully.
535 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
536 if (current->pid == 1) {
540 printk("VM: killing process %s\n", tsk->comm);
546 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
548 /* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die */
549 if (!(error_code & 4))
552 tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
553 tsk->thread.error_code = error_code;
554 tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
555 info.si_signo = SIGBUS;
557 info.si_code = BUS_ADRERR;
558 info.si_addr = (void __user *)address;
559 force_sig_info(SIGBUS, &info, tsk);
563 static int __init enable_pagefaulttrace(char *str)
565 page_fault_trace = 1;
568 __setup("pagefaulttrace", enable_pagefaulttrace);