2 * net/sched/ematch.c Extended Match API
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
6 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
7 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 * Authors: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
11 * ==========================================================================
13 * An extended match (ematch) is a small classification tool not worth
14 * writing a full classifier for. Ematches can be interconnected to form
15 * a logic expression and get attached to classifiers to extend their
18 * The userspace part transforms the logic expressions into an array
19 * consisting of multiple sequences of interconnected ematches separated
20 * by markers. Precedence is implemented by a special ematch kind
21 * referencing a sequence beyond the marker of the current sequence
22 * causing the current position in the sequence to be pushed onto a stack
23 * to allow the current position to be overwritten by the position referenced
24 * in the special ematch. Matching continues in the new sequence until a
25 * marker is reached causing the position to be restored from the stack.
28 * A AND (B1 OR B2) AND C AND D
30 * ------->-PUSH-------
31 * -->-- / -->-- \ -->--
33 * +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
34 * | A AND | B AND | C AND | D END | B1 OR | B2 END |
35 * +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
37 * --------<-POP---------
39 * where B is a virtual ematch referencing to sequence starting with B1.
41 * ==========================================================================
43 * How to write an ematch in 60 seconds
44 * ------------------------------------
46 * 1) Provide a matcher function:
47 * static int my_match(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcf_ematch *m,
48 * struct tcf_pkt_info *info)
50 * struct mydata *d = (struct mydata *) m->data;
52 * if (...matching goes here...)
58 * 2) Fill out a struct tcf_ematch_ops:
59 * static struct tcf_ematch_ops my_ops = {
61 * .datalen = sizeof(struct mydata),
63 * .owner = THIS_MODULE,
66 * 3) Register/Unregister your ematch:
67 * static int __init init_my_ematch(void)
69 * return tcf_em_register(&my_ops);
72 * static void __exit exit_my_ematch(void)
74 * return tcf_em_unregister(&my_ops);
77 * module_init(init_my_ematch);
78 * module_exit(exit_my_ematch);
80 * 4) By now you should have two more seconds left, barely enough to
81 * open up a beer to watch the compilation going.
84 #include <linux/module.h>
85 #include <linux/types.h>
86 #include <linux/kernel.h>
87 #include <linux/errno.h>
88 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
89 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
90 #include <net/pkt_cls.h>
92 static LIST_HEAD(ematch_ops);
93 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(ematch_mod_lock);
95 static inline struct tcf_ematch_ops * tcf_em_lookup(u16 kind)
97 struct tcf_ematch_ops *e = NULL;
99 read_lock(&ematch_mod_lock);
100 list_for_each_entry(e, &ematch_ops, link) {
101 if (kind == e->kind) {
102 if (!try_module_get(e->owner))
104 read_unlock(&ematch_mod_lock);
108 read_unlock(&ematch_mod_lock);
114 * tcf_em_register - register an extended match
116 * @ops: ematch operations lookup table
118 * This function must be called by ematches to announce their presence.
119 * The given @ops must have kind set to a unique identifier and the
120 * callback match() must be implemented. All other callbacks are optional
121 * and a fallback implementation is used instead.
123 * Returns -EEXISTS if an ematch of the same kind has already registered.
125 int tcf_em_register(struct tcf_ematch_ops *ops)
128 struct tcf_ematch_ops *e;
130 if (ops->match == NULL)
133 write_lock(&ematch_mod_lock);
134 list_for_each_entry(e, &ematch_ops, link)
135 if (ops->kind == e->kind)
138 list_add_tail(&ops->link, &ematch_ops);
141 write_unlock(&ematch_mod_lock);
144 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_em_register);
147 * tcf_em_unregister - unregster and extended match
149 * @ops: ematch operations lookup table
151 * This function must be called by ematches to announce their disappearance
152 * for examples when the module gets unloaded. The @ops parameter must be
153 * the same as the one used for registration.
155 * Returns -ENOENT if no matching ematch was found.
157 int tcf_em_unregister(struct tcf_ematch_ops *ops)
160 struct tcf_ematch_ops *e;
162 write_lock(&ematch_mod_lock);
163 list_for_each_entry(e, &ematch_ops, link) {
172 write_unlock(&ematch_mod_lock);
175 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_em_unregister);
177 static inline struct tcf_ematch * tcf_em_get_match(struct tcf_ematch_tree *tree,
180 return &tree->matches[index];
184 static int tcf_em_validate(struct tcf_proto *tp,
185 struct tcf_ematch_tree_hdr *tree_hdr,
186 struct tcf_ematch *em, struct nlattr *nla, int idx)
189 struct tcf_ematch_hdr *em_hdr = nla_data(nla);
190 int data_len = nla_len(nla) - sizeof(*em_hdr);
191 void *data = (void *) em_hdr + sizeof(*em_hdr);
193 if (!TCF_EM_REL_VALID(em_hdr->flags))
196 if (em_hdr->kind == TCF_EM_CONTAINER) {
197 /* Special ematch called "container", carries an index
198 * referencing an external ematch sequence. */
201 if (data_len < sizeof(ref))
205 if (ref >= tree_hdr->nmatches)
208 /* We do not allow backward jumps to avoid loops and jumps
209 * to our own position are of course illegal. */
216 /* Note: This lookup will increase the module refcnt
217 * of the ematch module referenced. In case of a failure,
218 * a destroy function is called by the underlying layer
219 * which automatically releases the reference again, therefore
220 * the module MUST not be given back under any circumstances
221 * here. Be aware, the destroy function assumes that the
222 * module is held if the ops field is non zero. */
223 em->ops = tcf_em_lookup(em_hdr->kind);
225 if (em->ops == NULL) {
227 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
229 request_module("ematch-kind-%u", em_hdr->kind);
231 em->ops = tcf_em_lookup(em_hdr->kind);
233 /* We dropped the RTNL mutex in order to
234 * perform the module load. Tell the caller
235 * to replay the request. */
236 module_put(em->ops->owner);
243 /* ematch module provides expected length of data, so we
244 * can do a basic sanity check. */
245 if (em->ops->datalen && data_len < em->ops->datalen)
248 if (em->ops->change) {
249 err = em->ops->change(tp, data, data_len, em);
252 } else if (data_len > 0) {
253 /* ematch module doesn't provide an own change
254 * procedure and expects us to allocate and copy
257 * TCF_EM_SIMPLE may be specified stating that the
258 * data only consists of a u32 integer and the module
259 * does not expected a memory reference but rather
260 * the value carried. */
261 if (em_hdr->flags & TCF_EM_SIMPLE) {
262 if (data_len < sizeof(u32))
264 em->data = *(u32 *) data;
266 void *v = kmemdup(data, data_len, GFP_KERNEL);
271 em->data = (unsigned long) v;
276 em->matchid = em_hdr->matchid;
277 em->flags = em_hdr->flags;
278 em->datalen = data_len;
285 static const struct nla_policy em_policy[TCA_EMATCH_TREE_MAX + 1] = {
286 [TCA_EMATCH_TREE_HDR] = { .len = sizeof(struct tcf_ematch_tree_hdr) },
287 [TCA_EMATCH_TREE_LIST] = { .type = NLA_NESTED },
291 * tcf_em_tree_validate - validate ematch config TLV and build ematch tree
293 * @tp: classifier kind handle
294 * @nla: ematch tree configuration TLV
295 * @tree: destination ematch tree variable to store the resulting
298 * This function validates the given configuration TLV @nla and builds an
299 * ematch tree in @tree. The resulting tree must later be copied into
300 * the private classifier data using tcf_em_tree_change(). You MUST NOT
301 * provide the ematch tree variable of the private classifier data directly,
302 * the changes would not be locked properly.
304 * Returns a negative error code if the configuration TLV contains errors.
306 int tcf_em_tree_validate(struct tcf_proto *tp, struct nlattr *nla,
307 struct tcf_ematch_tree *tree)
309 int idx, list_len, matches_len, err;
310 struct nlattr *tb[TCA_EMATCH_TREE_MAX + 1];
311 struct nlattr *rt_match, *rt_hdr, *rt_list;
312 struct tcf_ematch_tree_hdr *tree_hdr;
313 struct tcf_ematch *em;
315 memset(tree, 0, sizeof(*tree));
319 err = nla_parse_nested(tb, TCA_EMATCH_TREE_MAX, nla, em_policy);
324 rt_hdr = tb[TCA_EMATCH_TREE_HDR];
325 rt_list = tb[TCA_EMATCH_TREE_LIST];
327 if (rt_hdr == NULL || rt_list == NULL)
330 tree_hdr = nla_data(rt_hdr);
331 memcpy(&tree->hdr, tree_hdr, sizeof(*tree_hdr));
333 rt_match = nla_data(rt_list);
334 list_len = nla_len(rt_list);
335 matches_len = tree_hdr->nmatches * sizeof(*em);
337 tree->matches = kzalloc(matches_len, GFP_KERNEL);
338 if (tree->matches == NULL)
341 /* We do not use nla_parse_nested here because the maximum
342 * number of attributes is unknown. This saves us the allocation
343 * for a tb buffer which would serve no purpose at all.
345 * The array of rt attributes is parsed in the order as they are
346 * provided, their type must be incremental from 1 to n. Even
347 * if it does not serve any real purpose, a failure of sticking
348 * to this policy will result in parsing failure. */
349 for (idx = 0; nla_ok(rt_match, list_len); idx++) {
352 if (rt_match->nla_type != (idx + 1))
355 if (idx >= tree_hdr->nmatches)
358 if (nla_len(rt_match) < sizeof(struct tcf_ematch_hdr))
361 em = tcf_em_get_match(tree, idx);
363 err = tcf_em_validate(tp, tree_hdr, em, rt_match, idx);
367 rt_match = nla_next(rt_match, &list_len);
370 /* Check if the number of matches provided by userspace actually
371 * complies with the array of matches. The number was used for
372 * the validation of references and a mismatch could lead to
373 * undefined references during the matching process. */
374 if (idx != tree_hdr->nmatches) {
384 tcf_em_tree_destroy(tp, tree);
387 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_em_tree_validate);
390 * tcf_em_tree_destroy - destroy an ematch tree
392 * @tp: classifier kind handle
393 * @tree: ematch tree to be deleted
395 * This functions destroys an ematch tree previously created by
396 * tcf_em_tree_validate()/tcf_em_tree_change(). You must ensure that
397 * the ematch tree is not in use before calling this function.
399 void tcf_em_tree_destroy(struct tcf_proto *tp, struct tcf_ematch_tree *tree)
403 if (tree->matches == NULL)
406 for (i = 0; i < tree->hdr.nmatches; i++) {
407 struct tcf_ematch *em = tcf_em_get_match(tree, i);
410 if (em->ops->destroy)
411 em->ops->destroy(tp, em);
412 else if (!tcf_em_is_simple(em))
413 kfree((void *) em->data);
414 module_put(em->ops->owner);
418 tree->hdr.nmatches = 0;
419 kfree(tree->matches);
420 tree->matches = NULL;
422 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_em_tree_destroy);
425 * tcf_em_tree_dump - dump ematch tree into a rtnl message
427 * @skb: skb holding the rtnl message
428 * @t: ematch tree to be dumped
429 * @tlv: TLV type to be used to encapsulate the tree
431 * This function dumps a ematch tree into a rtnl message. It is valid to
432 * call this function while the ematch tree is in use.
434 * Returns -1 if the skb tailroom is insufficient.
436 int tcf_em_tree_dump(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcf_ematch_tree *tree, int tlv)
440 struct nlattr *top_start;
441 struct nlattr *list_start;
443 top_start = nla_nest_start(skb, tlv);
444 if (top_start == NULL)
445 goto nla_put_failure;
447 NLA_PUT(skb, TCA_EMATCH_TREE_HDR, sizeof(tree->hdr), &tree->hdr);
449 list_start = nla_nest_start(skb, TCA_EMATCH_TREE_LIST);
450 if (list_start == NULL)
451 goto nla_put_failure;
453 tail = skb_tail_pointer(skb);
454 for (i = 0; i < tree->hdr.nmatches; i++) {
455 struct nlattr *match_start = (struct nlattr *)tail;
456 struct tcf_ematch *em = tcf_em_get_match(tree, i);
457 struct tcf_ematch_hdr em_hdr = {
458 .kind = em->ops ? em->ops->kind : TCF_EM_CONTAINER,
459 .matchid = em->matchid,
463 NLA_PUT(skb, i+1, sizeof(em_hdr), &em_hdr);
465 if (em->ops && em->ops->dump) {
466 if (em->ops->dump(skb, em) < 0)
467 goto nla_put_failure;
468 } else if (tcf_em_is_container(em) || tcf_em_is_simple(em)) {
470 nla_put_nohdr(skb, sizeof(u), &u);
471 } else if (em->datalen > 0)
472 nla_put_nohdr(skb, em->datalen, (void *) em->data);
474 tail = skb_tail_pointer(skb);
475 match_start->nla_len = tail - (u8 *)match_start;
478 nla_nest_end(skb, list_start);
479 nla_nest_end(skb, top_start);
486 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_em_tree_dump);
488 static inline int tcf_em_match(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcf_ematch *em,
489 struct tcf_pkt_info *info)
491 int r = em->ops->match(skb, em, info);
492 return tcf_em_is_inverted(em) ? !r : r;
495 /* Do not use this function directly, use tcf_em_tree_match instead */
496 int __tcf_em_tree_match(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcf_ematch_tree *tree,
497 struct tcf_pkt_info *info)
499 int stackp = 0, match_idx = 0, res = 0;
500 struct tcf_ematch *cur_match;
501 int stack[CONFIG_NET_EMATCH_STACK];
504 while (match_idx < tree->hdr.nmatches) {
505 cur_match = tcf_em_get_match(tree, match_idx);
507 if (tcf_em_is_container(cur_match)) {
508 if (unlikely(stackp >= CONFIG_NET_EMATCH_STACK))
511 stack[stackp++] = match_idx;
512 match_idx = cur_match->data;
516 res = tcf_em_match(skb, cur_match, info);
518 if (tcf_em_early_end(cur_match, res))
526 match_idx = stack[--stackp];
527 cur_match = tcf_em_get_match(tree, match_idx);
529 if (tcf_em_early_end(cur_match, res))
541 printk("Local stack overflow, increase NET_EMATCH_STACK\n");
544 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__tcf_em_tree_match);