2 * USB Skeleton driver - 2.2
4 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
10 * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
11 * but has been rewritten to be easier to read and use.
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/errno.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/slab.h>
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/kref.h>
21 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
22 #include <linux/usb.h>
23 #include <linux/mutex.h>
26 /* Define these values to match your devices */
27 #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
28 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
30 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
31 static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
32 { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
33 { } /* Terminating entry */
35 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, skel_table);
38 /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
39 #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
41 /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
42 #define MAX_TRANSFER (PAGE_SIZE - 512)
43 #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
45 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
47 struct usb_device *dev; /* the usb device for this device */
48 struct usb_interface *interface; /* the interface for this device */
49 struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
50 unsigned char *bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
51 size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
52 __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
53 __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
55 struct mutex io_mutex; /* synchronize I/O with disconnect */
57 #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
59 static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
61 static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
63 struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
65 usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
66 kfree(dev->bulk_in_buffer);
70 static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
73 struct usb_interface *interface;
77 subminor = iminor(inode);
79 interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
81 err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
82 __FUNCTION__, subminor);
87 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
93 /* prevent the device from being autosuspended */
94 retval = usb_autopm_get_interface(interface);
98 /* increment our usage count for the device */
101 /* save our object in the file's private structure */
102 file->private_data = dev;
108 static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
110 struct usb_skel *dev;
112 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
116 /* allow the device to be autosuspended */
117 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
119 usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
120 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
122 /* decrement the count on our device */
123 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
127 static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
129 struct usb_skel *dev;
133 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
135 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
136 if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
141 /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
142 retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
143 usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
145 min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
148 /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
150 if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
157 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
161 static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb, struct pt_regs *regs)
163 struct usb_skel *dev;
165 dev = (struct usb_skel *)urb->context;
167 /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
169 !(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
170 urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
171 urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN)) {
172 err("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
173 __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
176 /* free up our allocated buffer */
177 usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
178 urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
182 static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
184 struct usb_skel *dev;
186 struct urb *urb = NULL;
188 size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
190 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
192 /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
196 /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
197 if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
198 retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
202 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
203 if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
208 /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
209 urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
215 buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
221 if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
226 /* initialize the urb properly */
227 usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
228 usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
229 buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
230 urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
232 /* send the data out the bulk port */
233 retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
235 err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
239 /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
242 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
247 usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
250 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
257 static const struct file_operations skel_fops = {
258 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
262 .release = skel_release,
266 * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
267 * and to have the device registered with the driver core
269 static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
272 .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
275 static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
277 struct usb_skel *dev;
278 struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
279 struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
282 int retval = -ENOMEM;
284 /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
285 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
287 err("Out of memory");
290 kref_init(&dev->kref);
291 sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
292 mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
294 dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
295 dev->interface = interface;
297 /* set up the endpoint information */
298 /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
299 iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
300 for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
301 endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
303 if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
304 usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(endpoint)) {
305 /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
306 buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
307 dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
308 dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
309 dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
310 if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
311 err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
316 if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
317 usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(endpoint)) {
318 /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
319 dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
322 if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
323 err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
327 /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
328 usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
330 /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
331 retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
333 /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
334 err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
335 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
339 /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
340 info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
345 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
349 static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
351 struct usb_skel *dev;
352 int minor = interface->minor;
354 /* prevent skel_open() from racing skel_disconnect() */
357 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
358 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
360 /* give back our minor */
361 usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
363 /* prevent more I/O from starting */
364 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
365 dev->interface = NULL;
366 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
370 /* decrement our usage count */
371 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
373 info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
376 static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
379 .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
380 .id_table = skel_table,
383 static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
387 /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
388 result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
390 err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
395 static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
397 /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
398 usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
401 module_init(usb_skel_init);
402 module_exit(usb_skel_exit);
404 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");