4 * SCSI sysfs interface routines.
6 * Created to pull SCSI mid layer sysfs routines into one file.
9 #include <linux/config.h>
10 #include <linux/module.h>
11 #include <linux/init.h>
12 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
13 #include <linux/device.h>
15 #include <scsi/scsi.h>
16 #include <scsi/scsi_device.h>
17 #include <scsi/scsi_host.h>
18 #include <scsi/scsi_tcq.h>
19 #include <scsi/scsi_transport.h>
21 #include "scsi_priv.h"
22 #include "scsi_logging.h"
25 enum scsi_device_state value;
28 { SDEV_CREATED, "created" },
29 { SDEV_RUNNING, "running" },
30 { SDEV_CANCEL, "cancel" },
31 { SDEV_DEL, "deleted" },
32 { SDEV_QUIESCE, "quiesce" },
33 { SDEV_OFFLINE, "offline" },
34 { SDEV_BLOCK, "blocked" },
37 const char *scsi_device_state_name(enum scsi_device_state state)
42 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sdev_states)/sizeof(sdev_states[0]); i++) {
43 if (sdev_states[i].value == state) {
44 name = sdev_states[i].name;
52 enum scsi_host_state value;
55 { SHOST_CREATED, "created" },
56 { SHOST_RUNNING, "running" },
57 { SHOST_CANCEL, "cancel" },
58 { SHOST_DEL, "deleted" },
59 { SHOST_RECOVERY, "recovery" },
60 { SHOST_CANCEL_RECOVERY, "cancel/recovery" },
61 { SHOST_DEL_RECOVERY, "deleted/recovery", },
63 const char *scsi_host_state_name(enum scsi_host_state state)
68 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(shost_states)/sizeof(shost_states[0]); i++) {
69 if (shost_states[i].value == state) {
70 name = shost_states[i].name;
77 static int check_set(unsigned int *val, char *src)
81 if (strncmp(src, "-", 20) == 0) {
82 *val = SCAN_WILD_CARD;
85 * Doesn't check for int overflow
87 *val = simple_strtoul(src, &last, 0);
94 static int scsi_scan(struct Scsi_Host *shost, const char *str)
96 char s1[15], s2[15], s3[15], junk;
97 unsigned int channel, id, lun;
100 res = sscanf(str, "%10s %10s %10s %c", s1, s2, s3, &junk);
103 if (check_set(&channel, s1))
105 if (check_set(&id, s2))
107 if (check_set(&lun, s3))
109 if (shost->transportt->user_scan)
110 res = shost->transportt->user_scan(shost, channel, id, lun);
112 res = scsi_scan_host_selected(shost, channel, id, lun, 1);
117 * shost_show_function: macro to create an attr function that can be used to
118 * show a non-bit field.
120 #define shost_show_function(name, field, format_string) \
122 show_##name (struct class_device *class_dev, char *buf) \
124 struct Scsi_Host *shost = class_to_shost(class_dev); \
125 return snprintf (buf, 20, format_string, shost->field); \
129 * shost_rd_attr: macro to create a function and attribute variable for a
132 #define shost_rd_attr2(name, field, format_string) \
133 shost_show_function(name, field, format_string) \
134 static CLASS_DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_##name, NULL);
136 #define shost_rd_attr(field, format_string) \
137 shost_rd_attr2(field, field, format_string)
140 * Create the actual show/store functions and data structures.
143 static ssize_t store_scan(struct class_device *class_dev, const char *buf,
146 struct Scsi_Host *shost = class_to_shost(class_dev);
149 res = scsi_scan(shost, buf);
154 static CLASS_DEVICE_ATTR(scan, S_IWUSR, NULL, store_scan);
157 store_shost_state(struct class_device *class_dev, const char *buf, size_t count)
160 struct Scsi_Host *shost = class_to_shost(class_dev);
161 enum scsi_host_state state = 0;
163 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(shost_states)/sizeof(shost_states[0]); i++) {
164 const int len = strlen(shost_states[i].name);
165 if (strncmp(shost_states[i].name, buf, len) == 0 &&
167 state = shost_states[i].value;
174 if (scsi_host_set_state(shost, state))
180 show_shost_state(struct class_device *class_dev, char *buf)
182 struct Scsi_Host *shost = class_to_shost(class_dev);
183 const char *name = scsi_host_state_name(shost->shost_state);
188 return snprintf(buf, 20, "%s\n", name);
191 static CLASS_DEVICE_ATTR(state, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, show_shost_state, store_shost_state);
193 shost_rd_attr(unique_id, "%u\n");
194 shost_rd_attr(host_busy, "%hu\n");
195 shost_rd_attr(cmd_per_lun, "%hd\n");
196 shost_rd_attr(sg_tablesize, "%hu\n");
197 shost_rd_attr(unchecked_isa_dma, "%d\n");
198 shost_rd_attr2(proc_name, hostt->proc_name, "%s\n");
200 static struct class_device_attribute *scsi_sysfs_shost_attrs[] = {
201 &class_device_attr_unique_id,
202 &class_device_attr_host_busy,
203 &class_device_attr_cmd_per_lun,
204 &class_device_attr_sg_tablesize,
205 &class_device_attr_unchecked_isa_dma,
206 &class_device_attr_proc_name,
207 &class_device_attr_scan,
208 &class_device_attr_state,
212 static void scsi_device_cls_release(struct class_device *class_dev)
214 struct scsi_device *sdev;
216 sdev = class_to_sdev(class_dev);
217 put_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
220 static void scsi_device_dev_release_usercontext(void *data)
222 struct device *dev = data;
223 struct scsi_device *sdev;
224 struct device *parent;
225 struct scsi_target *starget;
228 parent = dev->parent;
229 sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
230 starget = to_scsi_target(parent);
232 spin_lock_irqsave(sdev->host->host_lock, flags);
234 list_del(&sdev->siblings);
235 list_del(&sdev->same_target_siblings);
236 list_del(&sdev->starved_entry);
237 spin_unlock_irqrestore(sdev->host->host_lock, flags);
239 if (sdev->request_queue) {
240 sdev->request_queue->queuedata = NULL;
241 /* user context needed to free queue */
242 scsi_free_queue(sdev->request_queue);
243 /* temporary expedient, try to catch use of queue lock
244 * after free of sdev */
245 sdev->request_queue = NULL;
248 scsi_target_reap(scsi_target(sdev));
250 kfree(sdev->inquiry);
257 static void scsi_device_dev_release(struct device *dev)
259 scsi_execute_in_process_context(scsi_device_dev_release_usercontext, dev);
262 static struct class sdev_class = {
263 .name = "scsi_device",
264 .release = scsi_device_cls_release,
267 /* all probing is done in the individual ->probe routines */
268 static int scsi_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *gendrv)
270 struct scsi_device *sdp = to_scsi_device(dev);
271 if (sdp->no_uld_attach)
273 return (sdp->inq_periph_qual == SCSI_INQ_PQ_CON)? 1: 0;
276 static int scsi_bus_suspend(struct device * dev, pm_message_t state)
278 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
279 struct scsi_host_template *sht = sdev->host->hostt;
282 err = scsi_device_quiesce(sdev);
287 err = sht->suspend(sdev);
292 static int scsi_bus_resume(struct device * dev)
294 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
295 struct scsi_host_template *sht = sdev->host->hostt;
299 err = sht->resume(sdev);
301 scsi_device_resume(sdev);
305 struct bus_type scsi_bus_type = {
307 .match = scsi_bus_match,
308 .suspend = scsi_bus_suspend,
309 .resume = scsi_bus_resume,
312 int scsi_sysfs_register(void)
316 error = bus_register(&scsi_bus_type);
318 error = class_register(&sdev_class);
320 bus_unregister(&scsi_bus_type);
326 void scsi_sysfs_unregister(void)
328 class_unregister(&sdev_class);
329 bus_unregister(&scsi_bus_type);
333 * sdev_show_function: macro to create an attr function that can be used to
334 * show a non-bit field.
336 #define sdev_show_function(field, format_string) \
338 sdev_show_##field (struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) \
340 struct scsi_device *sdev; \
341 sdev = to_scsi_device(dev); \
342 return snprintf (buf, 20, format_string, sdev->field); \
346 * sdev_rd_attr: macro to create a function and attribute variable for a
349 #define sdev_rd_attr(field, format_string) \
350 sdev_show_function(field, format_string) \
351 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO, sdev_show_##field, NULL);
355 * sdev_rd_attr: create a function and attribute variable for a
358 #define sdev_rw_attr(field, format_string) \
359 sdev_show_function(field, format_string) \
362 sdev_store_##field (struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count) \
364 struct scsi_device *sdev; \
365 sdev = to_scsi_device(dev); \
366 snscanf (buf, 20, format_string, &sdev->field); \
369 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, sdev_show_##field, sdev_store_##field);
371 /* Currently we don't export bit fields, but we might in future,
372 * so leave this code in */
375 * sdev_rd_attr: create a function and attribute variable for a
376 * read/write bit field.
378 #define sdev_rw_attr_bit(field) \
379 sdev_show_function(field, "%d\n") \
382 sdev_store_##field (struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count) \
385 struct scsi_device *sdev; \
386 ret = scsi_sdev_check_buf_bit(buf); \
388 sdev = to_scsi_device(dev); \
394 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, sdev_show_##field, sdev_store_##field);
397 * scsi_sdev_check_buf_bit: return 0 if buf is "0", return 1 if buf is "1",
398 * else return -EINVAL.
400 static int scsi_sdev_check_buf_bit(const char *buf)
402 if ((buf[1] == '\0') || ((buf[1] == '\n') && (buf[2] == '\0'))) {
405 else if (buf[0] == '0')
414 * Create the actual show/store functions and data structures.
416 sdev_rd_attr (device_blocked, "%d\n");
417 sdev_rd_attr (queue_depth, "%d\n");
418 sdev_rd_attr (type, "%d\n");
419 sdev_rd_attr (scsi_level, "%d\n");
420 sdev_rd_attr (vendor, "%.8s\n");
421 sdev_rd_attr (model, "%.16s\n");
422 sdev_rd_attr (rev, "%.4s\n");
425 sdev_show_timeout (struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
427 struct scsi_device *sdev;
428 sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
429 return snprintf (buf, 20, "%d\n", sdev->timeout / HZ);
433 sdev_store_timeout (struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
435 struct scsi_device *sdev;
437 sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
438 sscanf (buf, "%d\n", &timeout);
439 sdev->timeout = timeout * HZ;
442 static DEVICE_ATTR(timeout, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, sdev_show_timeout, sdev_store_timeout);
445 store_rescan_field (struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
447 scsi_rescan_device(dev);
450 static DEVICE_ATTR(rescan, S_IWUSR, NULL, store_rescan_field);
452 static ssize_t sdev_store_delete(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf,
455 scsi_remove_device(to_scsi_device(dev));
458 static DEVICE_ATTR(delete, S_IWUSR, NULL, sdev_store_delete);
461 store_state_field(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
464 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
465 enum scsi_device_state state = 0;
467 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sdev_states)/sizeof(sdev_states[0]); i++) {
468 const int len = strlen(sdev_states[i].name);
469 if (strncmp(sdev_states[i].name, buf, len) == 0 &&
471 state = sdev_states[i].value;
478 if (scsi_device_set_state(sdev, state))
484 show_state_field(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
486 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
487 const char *name = scsi_device_state_name(sdev->sdev_state);
492 return snprintf(buf, 20, "%s\n", name);
495 static DEVICE_ATTR(state, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, show_state_field, store_state_field);
498 show_queue_type_field(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
500 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
501 const char *name = "none";
503 if (sdev->ordered_tags)
505 else if (sdev->simple_tags)
508 return snprintf(buf, 20, "%s\n", name);
511 static DEVICE_ATTR(queue_type, S_IRUGO, show_queue_type_field, NULL);
514 show_iostat_counterbits(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
516 return snprintf(buf, 20, "%d\n", (int)sizeof(atomic_t) * 8);
519 static DEVICE_ATTR(iocounterbits, S_IRUGO, show_iostat_counterbits, NULL);
521 #define show_sdev_iostat(field) \
523 show_iostat_##field(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) \
525 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev); \
526 unsigned long long count = atomic_read(&sdev->field); \
527 return snprintf(buf, 20, "0x%llx\n", count); \
529 static DEVICE_ATTR(field, S_IRUGO, show_iostat_##field, NULL)
531 show_sdev_iostat(iorequest_cnt);
532 show_sdev_iostat(iodone_cnt);
533 show_sdev_iostat(ioerr_cnt);
536 /* Default template for device attributes. May NOT be modified */
537 static struct device_attribute *scsi_sysfs_sdev_attrs[] = {
538 &dev_attr_device_blocked,
539 &dev_attr_queue_depth,
540 &dev_attr_queue_type,
542 &dev_attr_scsi_level,
550 &dev_attr_iocounterbits,
551 &dev_attr_iorequest_cnt,
552 &dev_attr_iodone_cnt,
557 static ssize_t sdev_store_queue_depth_rw(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf,
561 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
562 struct scsi_host_template *sht = sdev->host->hostt;
564 if (!sht->change_queue_depth)
567 depth = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 0);
572 retval = sht->change_queue_depth(sdev, depth);
579 static struct device_attribute sdev_attr_queue_depth_rw =
580 __ATTR(queue_depth, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, sdev_show_queue_depth,
581 sdev_store_queue_depth_rw);
583 static ssize_t sdev_store_queue_type_rw(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf,
586 struct scsi_device *sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
587 struct scsi_host_template *sht = sdev->host->hostt;
588 int tag_type = 0, retval;
589 int prev_tag_type = scsi_get_tag_type(sdev);
591 if (!sdev->tagged_supported || !sht->change_queue_type)
594 if (strncmp(buf, "ordered", 7) == 0)
595 tag_type = MSG_ORDERED_TAG;
596 else if (strncmp(buf, "simple", 6) == 0)
597 tag_type = MSG_SIMPLE_TAG;
598 else if (strncmp(buf, "none", 4) != 0)
601 if (tag_type == prev_tag_type)
604 retval = sht->change_queue_type(sdev, tag_type);
611 static struct device_attribute sdev_attr_queue_type_rw =
612 __ATTR(queue_type, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR, show_queue_type_field,
613 sdev_store_queue_type_rw);
615 static struct device_attribute *attr_changed_internally(
616 struct Scsi_Host *shost,
617 struct device_attribute * attr)
619 if (!strcmp("queue_depth", attr->attr.name)
620 && shost->hostt->change_queue_depth)
621 return &sdev_attr_queue_depth_rw;
622 else if (!strcmp("queue_type", attr->attr.name)
623 && shost->hostt->change_queue_type)
624 return &sdev_attr_queue_type_rw;
629 static struct device_attribute *attr_overridden(
630 struct device_attribute **attrs,
631 struct device_attribute *attr)
637 for (i = 0; attrs[i]; i++)
638 if (!strcmp(attrs[i]->attr.name, attr->attr.name))
643 static int attr_add(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr)
645 struct device_attribute *base_attr;
648 * Spare the caller from having to copy things it's not interested in.
650 base_attr = attr_overridden(scsi_sysfs_sdev_attrs, attr);
652 /* extend permissions */
653 attr->attr.mode |= base_attr->attr.mode;
655 /* override null show/store with default */
657 attr->show = base_attr->show;
659 attr->store = base_attr->store;
662 return device_create_file(dev, attr);
666 * scsi_sysfs_add_sdev - add scsi device to sysfs
667 * @sdev: scsi_device to add
670 * 0 on Success / non-zero on Failure
672 int scsi_sysfs_add_sdev(struct scsi_device *sdev)
676 if ((error = scsi_device_set_state(sdev, SDEV_RUNNING)) != 0)
679 error = device_add(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
681 put_device(sdev->sdev_gendev.parent);
682 printk(KERN_INFO "error 1\n");
685 error = class_device_add(&sdev->sdev_classdev);
687 printk(KERN_INFO "error 2\n");
691 /* take a reference for the sdev_classdev; this is
692 * released by the sdev_class .release */
693 get_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
694 if (sdev->host->hostt->sdev_attrs) {
695 for (i = 0; sdev->host->hostt->sdev_attrs[i]; i++) {
696 error = attr_add(&sdev->sdev_gendev,
697 sdev->host->hostt->sdev_attrs[i]);
699 __scsi_remove_device(sdev);
705 for (i = 0; scsi_sysfs_sdev_attrs[i]; i++) {
706 if (!attr_overridden(sdev->host->hostt->sdev_attrs,
707 scsi_sysfs_sdev_attrs[i])) {
708 struct device_attribute * attr =
709 attr_changed_internally(sdev->host,
710 scsi_sysfs_sdev_attrs[i]);
711 error = device_create_file(&sdev->sdev_gendev, attr);
713 __scsi_remove_device(sdev);
719 transport_add_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
724 scsi_device_set_state(sdev, SDEV_CANCEL);
726 device_del(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
727 transport_destroy_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
728 put_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
733 void __scsi_remove_device(struct scsi_device *sdev)
735 struct device *dev = &sdev->sdev_gendev;
737 if (scsi_device_set_state(sdev, SDEV_CANCEL) != 0)
740 class_device_unregister(&sdev->sdev_classdev);
741 transport_remove_device(dev);
743 scsi_device_set_state(sdev, SDEV_DEL);
744 if (sdev->host->hostt->slave_destroy)
745 sdev->host->hostt->slave_destroy(sdev);
746 transport_destroy_device(dev);
751 * scsi_remove_device - unregister a device from the scsi bus
752 * @sdev: scsi_device to unregister
754 void scsi_remove_device(struct scsi_device *sdev)
756 struct Scsi_Host *shost = sdev->host;
758 mutex_lock(&shost->scan_mutex);
759 __scsi_remove_device(sdev);
760 mutex_unlock(&shost->scan_mutex);
762 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scsi_remove_device);
764 void __scsi_remove_target(struct scsi_target *starget)
766 struct Scsi_Host *shost = dev_to_shost(starget->dev.parent);
768 struct scsi_device *sdev;
770 spin_lock_irqsave(shost->host_lock, flags);
773 list_for_each_entry(sdev, &shost->__devices, siblings) {
774 if (sdev->channel != starget->channel ||
775 sdev->id != starget->id ||
776 sdev->sdev_state == SDEV_DEL)
778 spin_unlock_irqrestore(shost->host_lock, flags);
779 scsi_remove_device(sdev);
780 spin_lock_irqsave(shost->host_lock, flags);
783 spin_unlock_irqrestore(shost->host_lock, flags);
784 scsi_target_reap(starget);
787 static int __remove_child (struct device * dev, void * data)
789 if (scsi_is_target_device(dev))
790 __scsi_remove_target(to_scsi_target(dev));
795 * scsi_remove_target - try to remove a target and all its devices
796 * @dev: generic starget or parent of generic stargets to be removed
798 * Note: This is slightly racy. It is possible that if the user
799 * requests the addition of another device then the target won't be
802 void scsi_remove_target(struct device *dev)
806 if (scsi_is_target_device(dev)) {
807 __scsi_remove_target(to_scsi_target(dev));
811 rdev = get_device(dev);
812 device_for_each_child(dev, NULL, __remove_child);
815 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scsi_remove_target);
817 int scsi_register_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
819 drv->bus = &scsi_bus_type;
821 return driver_register(drv);
823 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scsi_register_driver);
825 int scsi_register_interface(struct class_interface *intf)
827 intf->class = &sdev_class;
829 return class_interface_register(intf);
831 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scsi_register_interface);
834 static struct class_device_attribute *class_attr_overridden(
835 struct class_device_attribute **attrs,
836 struct class_device_attribute *attr)
842 for (i = 0; attrs[i]; i++)
843 if (!strcmp(attrs[i]->attr.name, attr->attr.name))
848 static int class_attr_add(struct class_device *classdev,
849 struct class_device_attribute *attr)
851 struct class_device_attribute *base_attr;
854 * Spare the caller from having to copy things it's not interested in.
856 base_attr = class_attr_overridden(scsi_sysfs_shost_attrs, attr);
858 /* extend permissions */
859 attr->attr.mode |= base_attr->attr.mode;
861 /* override null show/store with default */
863 attr->show = base_attr->show;
865 attr->store = base_attr->store;
868 return class_device_create_file(classdev, attr);
872 * scsi_sysfs_add_host - add scsi host to subsystem
873 * @shost: scsi host struct to add to subsystem
874 * @dev: parent struct device pointer
876 int scsi_sysfs_add_host(struct Scsi_Host *shost)
880 if (shost->hostt->shost_attrs) {
881 for (i = 0; shost->hostt->shost_attrs[i]; i++) {
882 error = class_attr_add(&shost->shost_classdev,
883 shost->hostt->shost_attrs[i]);
889 for (i = 0; scsi_sysfs_shost_attrs[i]; i++) {
890 if (!class_attr_overridden(shost->hostt->shost_attrs,
891 scsi_sysfs_shost_attrs[i])) {
892 error = class_device_create_file(&shost->shost_classdev,
893 scsi_sysfs_shost_attrs[i]);
899 transport_register_device(&shost->shost_gendev);
903 void scsi_sysfs_device_initialize(struct scsi_device *sdev)
906 struct Scsi_Host *shost = sdev->host;
907 struct scsi_target *starget = sdev->sdev_target;
909 device_initialize(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
910 sdev->sdev_gendev.bus = &scsi_bus_type;
911 sdev->sdev_gendev.release = scsi_device_dev_release;
912 sprintf(sdev->sdev_gendev.bus_id,"%d:%d:%d:%d",
913 sdev->host->host_no, sdev->channel, sdev->id,
916 class_device_initialize(&sdev->sdev_classdev);
917 sdev->sdev_classdev.dev = &sdev->sdev_gendev;
918 sdev->sdev_classdev.class = &sdev_class;
919 snprintf(sdev->sdev_classdev.class_id, BUS_ID_SIZE,
920 "%d:%d:%d:%d", sdev->host->host_no,
921 sdev->channel, sdev->id, sdev->lun);
922 sdev->scsi_level = SCSI_2;
923 transport_setup_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
924 spin_lock_irqsave(shost->host_lock, flags);
925 list_add_tail(&sdev->same_target_siblings, &starget->devices);
926 list_add_tail(&sdev->siblings, &shost->__devices);
927 spin_unlock_irqrestore(shost->host_lock, flags);
930 int scsi_is_sdev_device(const struct device *dev)
932 return dev->release == scsi_device_dev_release;
934 EXPORT_SYMBOL(scsi_is_sdev_device);
936 /* A blank transport template that is used in drivers that don't
937 * yet implement Transport Attributes */
938 struct scsi_transport_template blank_transport_template = { { { {NULL, }, }, }, };