1 /* Basic authentication token and access key management
3 * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4 * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
9 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/poison.h>
15 #include <linux/sched.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/security.h>
18 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
19 #include <linux/random.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/user_namespace.h>
24 static struct kmem_cache *key_jar;
25 struct rb_root key_serial_tree; /* tree of keys indexed by serial */
26 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(key_serial_lock);
28 struct rb_root key_user_tree; /* tree of quota records indexed by UID */
29 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(key_user_lock);
31 unsigned int key_quota_root_maxkeys = 200; /* root's key count quota */
32 unsigned int key_quota_root_maxbytes = 20000; /* root's key space quota */
33 unsigned int key_quota_maxkeys = 200; /* general key count quota */
34 unsigned int key_quota_maxbytes = 20000; /* general key space quota */
36 static LIST_HEAD(key_types_list);
37 static DECLARE_RWSEM(key_types_sem);
39 static void key_cleanup(struct work_struct *work);
40 static DECLARE_WORK(key_cleanup_task, key_cleanup);
42 /* we serialise key instantiation and link */
43 DEFINE_MUTEX(key_construction_mutex);
45 /* any key who's type gets unegistered will be re-typed to this */
46 static struct key_type key_type_dead = {
51 void __key_check(const struct key *key)
53 printk("__key_check: key %p {%08x} should be {%08x}\n",
54 key, key->magic, KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC);
59 /*****************************************************************************/
61 * get the key quota record for a user, allocating a new record if one doesn't
64 struct key_user *key_user_lookup(uid_t uid, struct user_namespace *user_ns)
66 struct key_user *candidate = NULL, *user;
67 struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
71 p = &key_user_tree.rb_node;
72 spin_lock(&key_user_lock);
74 /* search the tree for a user record with a matching UID */
77 user = rb_entry(parent, struct key_user, node);
81 else if (uid > user->uid)
83 else if (user_ns < user->user_ns)
85 else if (user_ns > user->user_ns)
91 /* if we get here, we failed to find a match in the tree */
93 /* allocate a candidate user record if we don't already have
95 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
98 candidate = kmalloc(sizeof(struct key_user), GFP_KERNEL);
99 if (unlikely(!candidate))
102 /* the allocation may have scheduled, so we need to repeat the
103 * search lest someone else added the record whilst we were
108 /* if we get here, then the user record still hadn't appeared on the
109 * second pass - so we use the candidate record */
110 atomic_set(&candidate->usage, 1);
111 atomic_set(&candidate->nkeys, 0);
112 atomic_set(&candidate->nikeys, 0);
113 candidate->uid = uid;
114 candidate->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns);
115 candidate->qnkeys = 0;
116 candidate->qnbytes = 0;
117 spin_lock_init(&candidate->lock);
118 mutex_init(&candidate->cons_lock);
120 rb_link_node(&candidate->node, parent, p);
121 rb_insert_color(&candidate->node, &key_user_tree);
122 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
126 /* okay - we found a user record for this UID */
128 atomic_inc(&user->usage);
129 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
134 } /* end key_user_lookup() */
136 /*****************************************************************************/
138 * dispose of a user structure
140 void key_user_put(struct key_user *user)
142 if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&user->usage, &key_user_lock)) {
143 rb_erase(&user->node, &key_user_tree);
144 spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
145 put_user_ns(user->user_ns);
150 } /* end key_user_put() */
152 /*****************************************************************************/
154 * assign a key the next unique serial number
155 * - these are assigned randomly to avoid security issues through covert
158 static inline void key_alloc_serial(struct key *key)
160 struct rb_node *parent, **p;
163 /* propose a random serial number and look for a hole for it in the
164 * serial number tree */
166 get_random_bytes(&key->serial, sizeof(key->serial));
168 key->serial >>= 1; /* negative numbers are not permitted */
169 } while (key->serial < 3);
171 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
175 p = &key_serial_tree.rb_node;
179 xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);
181 if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
183 else if (key->serial > xkey->serial)
189 /* we've found a suitable hole - arrange for this key to occupy it */
190 rb_link_node(&key->serial_node, parent, p);
191 rb_insert_color(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);
193 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
196 /* we found a key with the proposed serial number - walk the tree from
197 * that point looking for the next unused serial number */
201 if (key->serial < 3) {
203 goto attempt_insertion;
206 parent = rb_next(parent);
208 goto attempt_insertion;
210 xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);
211 if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
212 goto attempt_insertion;
215 } /* end key_alloc_serial() */
217 /*****************************************************************************/
219 * allocate a key of the specified type
220 * - update the user's quota to reflect the existence of the key
221 * - called from a key-type operation with key_types_sem read-locked by
222 * key_create_or_update()
223 * - this prevents unregistration of the key type
224 * - upon return the key is as yet uninstantiated; the caller needs to either
225 * instantiate the key or discard it before returning
227 struct key *key_alloc(struct key_type *type, const char *desc,
228 uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const struct cred *cred,
229 key_perm_t perm, unsigned long flags)
231 struct key_user *user = NULL;
233 size_t desclen, quotalen;
236 key = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
240 desclen = strlen(desc) + 1;
241 quotalen = desclen + type->def_datalen;
243 /* get hold of the key tracking for this user */
244 user = key_user_lookup(uid, cred->user->user_ns);
248 /* check that the user's quota permits allocation of another key and
250 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA)) {
251 unsigned maxkeys = (uid == 0) ?
252 key_quota_root_maxkeys : key_quota_maxkeys;
253 unsigned maxbytes = (uid == 0) ?
254 key_quota_root_maxbytes : key_quota_maxbytes;
256 spin_lock(&user->lock);
257 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_QUOTA_OVERRUN)) {
258 if (user->qnkeys + 1 >= maxkeys ||
259 user->qnbytes + quotalen >= maxbytes ||
260 user->qnbytes + quotalen < user->qnbytes)
265 user->qnbytes += quotalen;
266 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
269 /* allocate and initialise the key and its description */
270 key = kmem_cache_alloc(key_jar, GFP_KERNEL);
275 key->description = kmemdup(desc, desclen, GFP_KERNEL);
276 if (!key->description)
280 atomic_set(&key->usage, 1);
281 init_rwsem(&key->sem);
284 key->quotalen = quotalen;
285 key->datalen = type->def_datalen;
291 key->payload.data = NULL;
292 key->security = NULL;
294 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA))
295 key->flags |= 1 << KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA;
297 memset(&key->type_data, 0, sizeof(key->type_data));
300 key->magic = KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC;
303 /* let the security module know about the key */
304 ret = security_key_alloc(key, cred, flags);
308 /* publish the key by giving it a serial number */
309 atomic_inc(&user->nkeys);
310 key_alloc_serial(key);
316 kfree(key->description);
317 kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
318 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA)) {
319 spin_lock(&user->lock);
321 user->qnbytes -= quotalen;
322 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
329 kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
331 if (!(flags & KEY_ALLOC_NOT_IN_QUOTA)) {
332 spin_lock(&user->lock);
334 user->qnbytes -= quotalen;
335 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
339 key = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
343 spin_unlock(&user->lock);
345 key = ERR_PTR(-EDQUOT);
348 } /* end key_alloc() */
350 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_alloc);
352 /*****************************************************************************/
354 * reserve an amount of quota for the key's payload
356 int key_payload_reserve(struct key *key, size_t datalen)
358 int delta = (int) datalen - key->datalen;
363 /* contemplate the quota adjustment */
364 if (delta != 0 && test_bit(KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA, &key->flags)) {
365 unsigned maxbytes = (key->user->uid == 0) ?
366 key_quota_root_maxbytes : key_quota_maxbytes;
368 spin_lock(&key->user->lock);
371 (key->user->qnbytes + delta >= maxbytes ||
372 key->user->qnbytes + delta < key->user->qnbytes)) {
376 key->user->qnbytes += delta;
377 key->quotalen += delta;
379 spin_unlock(&key->user->lock);
382 /* change the recorded data length if that didn't generate an error */
384 key->datalen = datalen;
388 } /* end key_payload_reserve() */
390 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_payload_reserve);
392 /*****************************************************************************/
394 * instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
395 * - called with the target keyring's semaphore writelocked
397 static int __key_instantiate_and_link(struct key *key,
411 mutex_lock(&key_construction_mutex);
413 /* can't instantiate twice */
414 if (!test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags)) {
415 /* instantiate the key */
416 ret = key->type->instantiate(key, data, datalen);
419 /* mark the key as being instantiated */
420 atomic_inc(&key->user->nikeys);
421 set_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags);
423 if (test_and_clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT, &key->flags))
426 /* and link it into the destination keyring */
428 ret = __key_link(keyring, key);
430 /* disable the authorisation key */
436 mutex_unlock(&key_construction_mutex);
438 /* wake up anyone waiting for a key to be constructed */
440 wake_up_bit(&key->flags, KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT);
444 } /* end __key_instantiate_and_link() */
446 /*****************************************************************************/
448 * instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
450 int key_instantiate_and_link(struct key *key,
459 down_write(&keyring->sem);
461 ret = __key_instantiate_and_link(key, data, datalen, keyring, authkey);
464 up_write(&keyring->sem);
468 } /* end key_instantiate_and_link() */
470 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_instantiate_and_link);
472 /*****************************************************************************/
474 * negatively instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
476 int key_negate_and_link(struct key *key,
491 down_write(&keyring->sem);
493 mutex_lock(&key_construction_mutex);
495 /* can't instantiate twice */
496 if (!test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags)) {
497 /* mark the key as being negatively instantiated */
498 atomic_inc(&key->user->nikeys);
499 set_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
500 set_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags);
501 now = current_kernel_time();
502 key->expiry = now.tv_sec + timeout;
504 if (test_and_clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT, &key->flags))
509 /* and link it into the destination keyring */
511 ret = __key_link(keyring, key);
513 /* disable the authorisation key */
518 mutex_unlock(&key_construction_mutex);
521 up_write(&keyring->sem);
523 /* wake up anyone waiting for a key to be constructed */
525 wake_up_bit(&key->flags, KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT);
529 } /* end key_negate_and_link() */
531 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_negate_and_link);
533 /*****************************************************************************/
535 * do cleaning up in process context so that we don't have to disable
536 * interrupts all over the place
538 static void key_cleanup(struct work_struct *work)
544 /* look for a dead key in the tree */
545 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
547 for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
548 key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);
550 if (atomic_read(&key->usage) == 0)
554 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
558 /* we found a dead key - once we've removed it from the tree, we can
560 rb_erase(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);
561 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
565 security_key_free(key);
567 /* deal with the user's key tracking and quota */
568 if (test_bit(KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA, &key->flags)) {
569 spin_lock(&key->user->lock);
571 key->user->qnbytes -= key->quotalen;
572 spin_unlock(&key->user->lock);
575 atomic_dec(&key->user->nkeys);
576 if (test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags))
577 atomic_dec(&key->user->nikeys);
579 key_user_put(key->user);
581 /* now throw away the key memory */
582 if (key->type->destroy)
583 key->type->destroy(key);
585 kfree(key->description);
588 key->magic = KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC_X;
590 kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
592 /* there may, of course, be more than one key to destroy */
595 } /* end key_cleanup() */
597 /*****************************************************************************/
599 * dispose of a reference to a key
600 * - when all the references are gone, we schedule the cleanup task to come and
601 * pull it out of the tree in definite process context
603 void key_put(struct key *key)
608 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&key->usage))
609 schedule_work(&key_cleanup_task);
612 } /* end key_put() */
614 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_put);
616 /*****************************************************************************/
618 * find a key by its serial number
620 struct key *key_lookup(key_serial_t id)
625 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
627 /* search the tree for the specified key */
628 n = key_serial_tree.rb_node;
630 key = rb_entry(n, struct key, serial_node);
632 if (id < key->serial)
634 else if (id > key->serial)
641 key = ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);
645 /* pretend it doesn't exist if it's dead */
646 if (atomic_read(&key->usage) == 0 ||
647 test_bit(KEY_FLAG_DEAD, &key->flags) ||
648 key->type == &key_type_dead)
651 /* this races with key_put(), but that doesn't matter since key_put()
652 * doesn't actually change the key
654 atomic_inc(&key->usage);
657 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
660 } /* end key_lookup() */
662 /*****************************************************************************/
664 * find and lock the specified key type against removal
665 * - we return with the sem readlocked
667 struct key_type *key_type_lookup(const char *type)
669 struct key_type *ktype;
671 down_read(&key_types_sem);
673 /* look up the key type to see if it's one of the registered kernel
675 list_for_each_entry(ktype, &key_types_list, link) {
676 if (strcmp(ktype->name, type) == 0)
677 goto found_kernel_type;
680 up_read(&key_types_sem);
681 ktype = ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);
686 } /* end key_type_lookup() */
688 /*****************************************************************************/
692 void key_type_put(struct key_type *ktype)
694 up_read(&key_types_sem);
696 } /* end key_type_put() */
698 /*****************************************************************************/
700 * attempt to update an existing key
701 * - the key has an incremented refcount
702 * - we need to put the key if we get an error
704 static inline key_ref_t __key_update(key_ref_t key_ref,
705 const void *payload, size_t plen)
707 struct key *key = key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref);
710 /* need write permission on the key to update it */
711 ret = key_permission(key_ref, KEY_WRITE);
716 if (!key->type->update)
719 down_write(&key->sem);
721 ret = key->type->update(key, payload, plen);
723 /* updating a negative key instantiates it */
724 clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
735 key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
738 } /* end __key_update() */
740 /*****************************************************************************/
742 * search the specified keyring for a key of the same description; if one is
743 * found, update it, otherwise add a new one
745 key_ref_t key_create_or_update(key_ref_t keyring_ref,
747 const char *description,
753 const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
754 struct key_type *ktype;
755 struct key *keyring, *key = NULL;
759 /* look up the key type to see if it's one of the registered kernel
761 ktype = key_type_lookup(type);
763 key_ref = ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
767 key_ref = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
768 if (!ktype->match || !ktype->instantiate)
771 keyring = key_ref_to_ptr(keyring_ref);
775 key_ref = ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
776 if (keyring->type != &key_type_keyring)
779 down_write(&keyring->sem);
781 /* if we're going to allocate a new key, we're going to have
782 * to modify the keyring */
783 ret = key_permission(keyring_ref, KEY_WRITE);
785 key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
789 /* if it's possible to update this type of key, search for an existing
790 * key of the same type and description in the destination keyring and
791 * update that instead if possible
794 key_ref = __keyring_search_one(keyring_ref, ktype, description,
796 if (!IS_ERR(key_ref))
797 goto found_matching_key;
800 /* if the client doesn't provide, decide on the permissions we want */
801 if (perm == KEY_PERM_UNDEF) {
802 perm = KEY_POS_VIEW | KEY_POS_SEARCH | KEY_POS_LINK | KEY_POS_SETATTR;
803 perm |= KEY_USR_VIEW | KEY_USR_SEARCH | KEY_USR_LINK | KEY_USR_SETATTR;
806 perm |= KEY_POS_READ | KEY_USR_READ;
808 if (ktype == &key_type_keyring || ktype->update)
809 perm |= KEY_USR_WRITE;
812 /* allocate a new key */
813 key = key_alloc(ktype, description, cred->fsuid, cred->fsgid, cred,
816 key_ref = ERR_CAST(key);
820 /* instantiate it and link it into the target keyring */
821 ret = __key_instantiate_and_link(key, payload, plen, keyring, NULL);
824 key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
828 key_ref = make_key_ref(key, is_key_possessed(keyring_ref));
831 up_write(&keyring->sem);
838 /* we found a matching key, so we're going to try to update it
839 * - we can drop the locks first as we have the key pinned
841 up_write(&keyring->sem);
844 key_ref = __key_update(key_ref, payload, plen);
847 } /* end key_create_or_update() */
849 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_create_or_update);
851 /*****************************************************************************/
855 int key_update(key_ref_t key_ref, const void *payload, size_t plen)
857 struct key *key = key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref);
862 /* the key must be writable */
863 ret = key_permission(key_ref, KEY_WRITE);
867 /* attempt to update it if supported */
869 if (key->type->update) {
870 down_write(&key->sem);
872 ret = key->type->update(key, payload, plen);
874 /* updating a negative key instantiates it */
875 clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
883 } /* end key_update() */
885 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_update);
887 /*****************************************************************************/
891 void key_revoke(struct key *key)
895 /* make sure no one's trying to change or use the key when we mark it
896 * - we tell lockdep that we might nest because we might be revoking an
897 * authorisation key whilst holding the sem on a key we've just
900 down_write_nested(&key->sem, 1);
901 if (!test_and_set_bit(KEY_FLAG_REVOKED, &key->flags) &&
903 key->type->revoke(key);
907 } /* end key_revoke() */
909 EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_revoke);
911 /*****************************************************************************/
913 * register a type of key
915 int register_key_type(struct key_type *ktype)
921 down_write(&key_types_sem);
923 /* disallow key types with the same name */
924 list_for_each_entry(p, &key_types_list, link) {
925 if (strcmp(p->name, ktype->name) == 0)
930 list_add(&ktype->link, &key_types_list);
934 up_write(&key_types_sem);
937 } /* end register_key_type() */
939 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_key_type);
941 /*****************************************************************************/
943 * unregister a type of key
945 void unregister_key_type(struct key_type *ktype)
950 down_write(&key_types_sem);
952 /* withdraw the key type */
953 list_del_init(&ktype->link);
955 /* mark all the keys of this type dead */
956 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
958 for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
959 key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);
961 if (key->type == ktype)
962 key->type = &key_type_dead;
965 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
967 /* make sure everyone revalidates their keys */
970 /* we should now be able to destroy the payloads of all the keys of
971 * this type with impunity */
972 spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);
974 for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
975 key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);
977 if (key->type == ktype) {
980 memset(&key->payload, KEY_DESTROY, sizeof(key->payload));
984 spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
985 up_write(&key_types_sem);
987 } /* end unregister_key_type() */
989 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_key_type);
991 /*****************************************************************************/
993 * initialise the key management stuff
995 void __init key_init(void)
997 /* allocate a slab in which we can store keys */
998 key_jar = kmem_cache_create("key_jar", sizeof(struct key),
999 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
1001 /* add the special key types */
1002 list_add_tail(&key_type_keyring.link, &key_types_list);
1003 list_add_tail(&key_type_dead.link, &key_types_list);
1004 list_add_tail(&key_type_user.link, &key_types_list);
1006 /* record the root user tracking */
1007 rb_link_node(&root_key_user.node,
1009 &key_user_tree.rb_node);
1011 rb_insert_color(&root_key_user.node,
1014 } /* end key_init() */