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   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
   4
   5 <book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
   6  <bookinfo>
   7   <title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
   8
   9   <legalnotice>
  10    <para>
  11      This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
  12      it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
  13      License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  14      version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
  15      version.
  16    </para>
  17
  18    <para>
  19      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
  20      useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
  21      warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  22      See the GNU General Public License for more details.
  23    </para>
  24
  25    <para>
  26      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
  27      License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
  28      Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
  29      MA 02111-1307 USA
  30    </para>
  31
  32    <para>
  33      For more details see the file COPYING in the source
  34      distribution of Linux.
  35    </para>
  36   </legalnotice>
  37  </bookinfo>
  38
  39 <toc></toc>
  40
  41   <chapter id="Basics">
  42      <title>Driver Basics</title>
  43      <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
  44 !Iinclude/linux/init.h
  45      </sect1>
  46
  47      <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
  48 !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h
  49 !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h
  50      </sect1>
  51
  52      <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
  53 !Iinclude/linux/sched.h
  54 !Ekernel/sched.c
  55 !Ekernel/timer.c
  56      </sect1>
  57      <sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
  58 !Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
  59 !Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
  60 !Ekernel/hrtimer.c
  61      </sect1>
  62      <sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
  63 !Ekernel/workqueue.c
  64      </sect1>
  65      <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
  66 !Ikernel/exit.c
  67 !Ikernel/signal.c
  68 !Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
  69 !Ekernel/kthread.c
  70      </sect1>
  71
  72      <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
  73 <!--
  74 X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
  75 -->
  76 !Elib/kobject.c
  77      </sect1>
  78
  79      <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
  80 !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
  81 !Ekernel/printk.c
  82 !Ekernel/panic.c
  83 !Ekernel/sys.c
  84 !Ekernel/rcupdate.c
  85      </sect1>
  86
  87   </chapter>
  88
  89   <chapter id="adt">
  90      <title>Data Types</title>
  91      <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
  92 !Iinclude/linux/list.h
  93      </sect1>
  94   </chapter>
  95
  96   <chapter id="libc">
  97      <title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
  98
  99      <para>
 100        When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
 101        from the C Library.  Some of the functions have been found generally
 102        useful and they are listed below.  The behaviour of these functions
 103        may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
 104        are noted in the text.
 105      </para>
 106
 107      <sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
 108 !Ilib/vsprintf.c
 109 !Elib/vsprintf.c
 110      </sect1>
 111      <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
 112 <!-- All functions are exported at now
 113 X!Ilib/string.c
 114  -->
 115 !Elib/string.c
 116      </sect1>
 117      <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
 118 !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h
 119      </sect1>
 120   </chapter>
 121
 122   <chapter id="kernel-lib">
 123      <title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
 124
 125      <para>
 126        The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
 127      </para>
 128
 129      <sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
 130 !Elib/bitmap.c
 131 !Ilib/bitmap.c
 132      </sect1>
 133
 134      <sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
 135 !Elib/cmdline.c
 136      </sect1>
 137
 138      <sect1><title>CRC Functions</title>
 139 !Elib/crc16.c
 140 !Elib/crc32.c
 141 !Elib/crc-ccitt.c
 142      </sect1>
 143   </chapter>
 144
 145   <chapter id="mm">
 146      <title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
 147      <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
 148 !Iinclude/linux/slab.h
 149 !Emm/slab.c
 150      </sect1>
 151      <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
 152 !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h
 153 !Earch/i386/lib/usercopy.c
 154      </sect1>
 155      <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
 156 !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h
 157 !Emm/readahead.c
 158 !Emm/filemap.c
 159 !Emm/memory.c
 160 !Emm/vmalloc.c
 161 !Imm/page_alloc.c
 162 !Emm/mempool.c
 163 !Emm/page-writeback.c
 164 !Emm/truncate.c
 165      </sect1>
 166   </chapter>
 167
 168
 169   <chapter id="ipc">
 170      <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
 171
 172      <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
 173 !Iipc/util.c
 174      </sect1>
 175   </chapter>
 176
 177   <chapter id="kfifo">
 178      <title>FIFO Buffer</title>
 179      <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
 180 !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
 181 !Ekernel/kfifo.c
 182      </sect1>
 183   </chapter>
 184
 185   <chapter id="relayfs">
 186      <title>relay interface support</title>
 187
 188      <para>
 189         Relay interface support
 190         is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
 191         facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
 192         user space.
 193      </para>
 194
 195      <sect1><title>relay interface</title>
 196 !Ekernel/relay.c
 197 !Ikernel/relay.c
 198      </sect1>
 199   </chapter>
 200
 201   <chapter id="netcore">
 202      <title>Linux Networking</title>
 203      <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title>
 204 !Iinclude/linux/net.h
 205      </sect1>
 206      <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title>
 207 !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h
 208 !Iinclude/net/sock.h
 209 !Enet/socket.c
 210 !Enet/core/skbuff.c
 211 !Enet/core/sock.c
 212 !Enet/core/datagram.c
 213 !Enet/core/stream.c
 214      </sect1>
 215      <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title>
 216 !Enet/core/filter.c
 217      </sect1>
 218      <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title>
 219 !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h
 220 !Enet/core/gen_stats.c
 221 !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c
 222      </sect1>
 223      <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title>
 224 <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments
 225 !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
 226 -->
 227 !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c
 228 !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c
 229 !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c
 230      </sect1>
 231   </chapter>
 232
 233   <chapter id="netdev">
 234      <title>Network device support</title>
 235      <sect1><title>Driver Support</title>
 236 !Enet/core/dev.c
 237 !Enet/ethernet/eth.c
 238 !Iinclude/linux/etherdevice.h
 239 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 240 X!Enet/core/wireless.c
 241 -->
 242      </sect1>
 243      <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title>
 244 !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c
 245      </sect1>
 246   </chapter>
 247
 248   <chapter id="modload">
 249      <title>Module Support</title>
 250      <sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
 251 !Ekernel/kmod.c
 252      </sect1>
 253      <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
 254         <para>
 255            Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
 256         </para>
 257 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 258 X!Ekernel/module.c
 259 -->
 260      </sect1>
 261   </chapter>
 262
 263   <chapter id="hardware">
 264      <title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
 265      <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
 266 !Ekernel/irq/manage.c
 267      </sect1>
 268
 269      <sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
 270 !Ekernel/dma.c
 271      </sect1>
 272
 273      <sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
 274 !Ikernel/resource.c
 275 !Ekernel/resource.c
 276      </sect1>
 277
 278      <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
 279 !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
 280      </sect1>
 281
 282      <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
 283 !Edrivers/pci/pci.c
 284 !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
 285 !Edrivers/pci/remove.c
 286 !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c
 287 !Edrivers/pci/search.c
 288 !Edrivers/pci/msi.c
 289 !Edrivers/pci/bus.c
 290 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 291 X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
 292 -->
 293 !Edrivers/pci/probe.c
 294 !Edrivers/pci/rom.c
 295      </sect1>
 296      <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
 297 !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
 298      </sect1>
 299      <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title>
 300         <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title>
 301            <para>
 302               Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information.
 303            </para>
 304 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 305 X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c
 306 -->
 307         </sect2>
 308         <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title>
 309 !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h
 310         </sect2>
 311      </sect1>
 312   </chapter>
 313
 314   <chapter id="firmware">
 315      <title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
 316      <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
 317 !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
 318      </sect1>
 319      <sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title>
 320 !Idrivers/firmware/edd.c
 321      </sect1>
 322   </chapter>
 323
 324   <chapter id="security">
 325      <title>Security Framework</title>
 326 !Esecurity/security.c
 327   </chapter>
 328
 329   <chapter id="audit">
 330      <title>Audit Interfaces</title>
 331 !Ekernel/audit.c
 332 !Ikernel/auditsc.c
 333 !Ikernel/auditfilter.c
 334   </chapter>
 335
 336   <chapter id="accounting">
 337      <title>Accounting Framework</title>
 338 !Ikernel/acct.c
 339   </chapter>
 340
 341   <chapter id="pmfuncs">
 342      <title>Power Management</title>
 343 !Ekernel/power/pm.c
 344   </chapter>
 345
 346   <chapter id="devdrivers">
 347      <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
 348      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
 349 <!--
 350 X!Iinclude/linux/device.h
 351 -->
 352 !Edrivers/base/driver.c
 353 !Edrivers/base/core.c
 354 !Edrivers/base/class.c
 355 !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
 356 !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
 357 !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c
 358 <!-- Cannot be included, because
 359      attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
 360  and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
 361      exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
 362 X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
 363 -->
 364 !Edrivers/base/sys.c
 365 <!--
 366 X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
 367 -->
 368 !Edrivers/base/platform.c
 369 !Edrivers/base/bus.c
 370      </sect1>
 371      <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
 372 !Edrivers/base/power/main.c
 373 !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c
 374 !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c
 375      </sect1>
 376      <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
 377 <!-- Internal functions only
 378 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
 379 X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
 380 X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
 381 X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
 382 -->
 383 !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
 384 !Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
 385 <!-- No correct structured comments
 386 X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
 387 -->
 388      </sect1>
 389      <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
 390 !Edrivers/pnp/core.c
 391 <!-- No correct structured comments
 392 X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 393  -->
 394 !Edrivers/pnp/card.c
 395 !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c
 396 !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
 397 !Edrivers/pnp/support.c
 398      </sect1>
 399   </chapter>
 400
 401   <chapter id="blkdev">
 402      <title>Block Devices</title>
 403 !Eblock/ll_rw_blk.c
 404   </chapter>
 405
 406   <chapter id="chrdev">
 407         <title>Char devices</title>
 408 !Efs/char_dev.c
 409   </chapter>
 410
 411   <chapter id="miscdev">
 412      <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
 413 !Edrivers/char/misc.c
 414   </chapter>
 415
 416   <chapter id="parportdev">
 417      <title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
 418 !Iinclude/linux/parport.h
 419 !Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
 420 !Edrivers/parport/share.c
 421 !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
 422   </chapter>
 423
 424   <chapter id="message_devices">
 425         <title>Message-based devices</title>
 426      <sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title>
 427 !Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
 428 !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
 429 !Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
 430 !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
 431 !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c
 432 !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c
 433 !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c
 434 !Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c
 435      </sect1>
 436      <sect1><title>I2O message devices</title>
 437 !Iinclude/linux/i2o.h
 438 !Idrivers/message/i2o/core.h
 439 !Edrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
 440 !Idrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
 441 !Idrivers/message/i2o/config-osm.c
 442 !Edrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
 443 !Idrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
 444 !Idrivers/message/i2o/bus-osm.c
 445 !Edrivers/message/i2o/device.c
 446 !Idrivers/message/i2o/device.c
 447 !Idrivers/message/i2o/driver.c
 448 !Idrivers/message/i2o/pci.c
 449 !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_block.c
 450 !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_scsi.c
 451 !Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_proc.c
 452      </sect1>
 453   </chapter>
 454
 455   <chapter id="snddev">
 456      <title>Sound Devices</title>
 457 !Iinclude/sound/core.h
 458 !Esound/sound_core.c
 459 !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
 460 !Esound/core/pcm.c
 461 !Esound/core/device.c
 462 !Esound/core/info.c
 463 !Esound/core/rawmidi.c
 464 !Esound/core/sound.c
 465 !Esound/core/memory.c
 466 !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
 467 !Esound/core/init.c
 468 !Esound/core/isadma.c
 469 !Esound/core/control.c
 470 !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
 471 !Esound/core/hwdep.c
 472 !Esound/core/pcm_native.c
 473 !Esound/core/memalloc.c
 474 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 475 X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
 476 -->
 477   </chapter>
 478
 479   <chapter id="uart16x50">
 480      <title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
 481 !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h
 482 !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c
 483 !Edrivers/serial/8250.c
 484   </chapter>
 485
 486   <chapter id="z85230">
 487      <title>Z85230 Support Library</title>
 488 !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c
 489   </chapter>
 490
 491   <chapter id="fbdev">
 492      <title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
 493
 494      <para>
 495        The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
 496        These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h.  They are
 497        fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
 498        The last three can be made available to and from userland.
 499      </para>
 500
 501      <para>
 502        fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
 503        Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
 504        collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
 505        fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
 506      </para>
 507
 508      <para>
 509        fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
 510        that are user defined.  With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
 511        depth and the resolution may be defined.
 512      </para>
 513
 514      <para>
 515        The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
 516        properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
 517        be changed otherwise.  A good example of this is the start of the
 518        frame buffer memory.  This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
 519        memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
 520      </para>
 521
 522      <para>
 523        The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
 524        little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
 525        such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
 526        the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
 527        correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked.  fb_monospecs
 528        will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
 529      </para>
 530
 531      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
 532 !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c
 533      </sect1>
 534 <!--
 535      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
 536 X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
 537      </sect1>
 538 -->
 539      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
 540 !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c
 541      </sect1>
 542 <!-- FIXME:
 543   drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml.  Comment
 544   out until somebody adds docs.  KAO
 545      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
 546 X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
 547      </sect1>
 548 KAO -->
 549      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
 550 !Idrivers/video/modedb.c
 551 !Edrivers/video/modedb.c
 552      </sect1>
 553      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
 554 !Edrivers/video/macmodes.c
 555      </sect1>
 556      <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
 557         <para>
 558            Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information.
 559         </para>
 560 <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
 561 X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 562 -->
 563      </sect1>
 564   </chapter>
 565
 566   <chapter id="input_subsystem">
 567      <title>Input Subsystem</title>
 568 !Iinclude/linux/input.h
 569 !Edrivers/input/input.c
 570 !Edrivers/input/ff-core.c
 571 !Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c
 572   </chapter>
 573 </book>