4 * Manages VM statistics
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
8 * Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
9 * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
13 #include <linux/err.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/cpu.h>
16 #include <linux/sched.h>
18 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
19 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
20 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);
22 static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret, cpumask_t *cpumask)
27 memset(ret, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long));
29 for_each_cpu_mask(cpu, *cpumask) {
30 struct vm_event_state *this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
32 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++)
33 ret[i] += this->event[i];
38 * Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs.
39 * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
40 * during and after execution of this function.
42 void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret)
44 sum_vm_events(ret, &cpu_online_map);
46 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events);
50 * Fold the foreign cpu events into our own.
52 * This is adding to the events on one processor
53 * but keeps the global counts constant.
55 void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu)
57 struct vm_event_state *fold_state = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
60 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) {
61 count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]);
62 fold_state->event[i] = 0;
65 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG */
67 #endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */
70 * Manage combined zone based / global counters
72 * vm_stat contains the global counters
74 atomic_long_t vm_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
75 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_stat);
79 static int calculate_threshold(struct zone *zone)
82 int mem; /* memory in 128 MB units */
85 * The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount
86 * of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for
87 * longer, more processors could lead to more contention.
88 * fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling.
90 * Some sample thresholds:
92 * Threshold Processors (fls) Zonesize fls(mem+1)
93 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
110 * 125 1024 10 8-16 GB 8
111 * 125 1024 10 16-32 GB 9
114 mem = zone->present_pages >> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT);
116 threshold = 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem));
119 * Maximum threshold is 125
121 threshold = min(125, threshold);
127 * Refresh the thresholds for each zone.
129 static void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
135 for_each_zone(zone) {
137 if (!zone->present_pages)
140 threshold = calculate_threshold(zone);
142 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
143 zone_pcp(zone, cpu)->stat_threshold = threshold;
148 * For use when we know that interrupts are disabled.
150 void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
153 struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
154 s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
159 if (unlikely(x > pcp->stat_threshold || x < -pcp->stat_threshold)) {
160 zone_page_state_add(x, zone, item);
165 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state);
168 * For an unknown interrupt state
170 void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
175 local_irq_save(flags);
176 __mod_zone_page_state(zone, item, delta);
177 local_irq_restore(flags);
179 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state);
182 * Optimized increment and decrement functions.
184 * These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page *
185 * argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code
186 * generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions.
188 * No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be
189 * incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to
190 * generate better code.
191 * The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can
194 * NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only
197 * Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt.
198 * However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone
199 * based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no
200 * guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change
201 * in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited
202 * in a useful way here.
204 void __inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
206 struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
207 s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
211 if (unlikely(*p > pcp->stat_threshold)) {
212 int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;
214 zone_page_state_add(*p + overstep, zone, item);
219 void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
221 __inc_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state);
225 void __dec_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
227 struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
228 s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
232 if (unlikely(*p < - pcp->stat_threshold)) {
233 int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;
235 zone_page_state_add(*p - overstep, zone, item);
240 void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
242 __dec_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
244 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state);
246 void inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
250 local_irq_save(flags);
251 __inc_zone_state(zone, item);
252 local_irq_restore(flags);
255 void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
260 zone = page_zone(page);
261 local_irq_save(flags);
262 __inc_zone_state(zone, item);
263 local_irq_restore(flags);
265 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state);
267 void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
271 local_irq_save(flags);
272 __dec_zone_page_state(page, item);
273 local_irq_restore(flags);
275 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);
278 * Update the zone counters for one cpu.
280 * The cpu specified must be either the current cpu or a processor that
281 * is not online. If it is the current cpu then the execution thread must
282 * be pinned to the current cpu.
284 * Note that refresh_cpu_vm_stats strives to only access
285 * node local memory. The per cpu pagesets on remote zones are placed
286 * in the memory local to the processor using that pageset. So the
287 * loop over all zones will access a series of cachelines local to
290 * The call to zone_page_state_add updates the cachelines with the
291 * statistics in the remote zone struct as well as the global cachelines
292 * with the global counters. These could cause remote node cache line
293 * bouncing and will have to be only done when necessary.
295 void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int cpu)
299 int global_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
301 for_each_zone(zone) {
302 struct per_cpu_pageset *p;
304 if (!populated_zone(zone))
307 p = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);
309 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
310 if (p->vm_stat_diff[i]) {
314 local_irq_save(flags);
315 v = p->vm_stat_diff[i];
316 p->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0;
317 local_irq_restore(flags);
318 atomic_long_add(v, &zone->vm_stat[i]);
321 /* 3 seconds idle till flush */
327 * Deal with draining the remote pageset of this
330 * Check if there are pages remaining in this pageset
331 * if not then there is nothing to expire.
333 if (!p->expire || !p->pcp.count)
337 * We never drain zones local to this processor.
339 if (zone_to_nid(zone) == numa_node_id()) {
349 drain_zone_pages(zone, &p->pcp);
353 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
355 atomic_long_add(global_diff[i], &vm_stat[i]);
362 * zonelist = the list of zones passed to the allocator
363 * z = the zone from which the allocation occurred.
365 * Must be called with interrupts disabled.
367 void zone_statistics(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone *z)
369 if (z->zone_pgdat == zonelist->zones[0]->zone_pgdat) {
370 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_HIT);
372 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_MISS);
373 __inc_zone_state(zonelist->zones[0], NUMA_FOREIGN);
375 if (z->node == numa_node_id())
376 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_LOCAL);
378 __inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_OTHER);
382 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
384 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
386 static char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
393 static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
397 for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat();
399 pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat))
405 static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
407 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
410 return next_online_pgdat(pgdat);
413 static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
417 /* Walk all the zones in a node and print using a callback */
418 static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
419 void (*print)(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *, struct zone *))
422 struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
425 for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
426 if (!populated_zone(zone))
429 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
430 print(m, pgdat, zone);
431 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
435 static void frag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
440 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
441 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
442 seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", zone->free_area[order].nr_free);
447 * This walks the free areas for each zone.
449 static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
451 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
452 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, frag_show_print);
456 static void pagetypeinfo_showfree_print(struct seq_file *m,
457 pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
461 for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++) {
462 seq_printf(m, "Node %4d, zone %8s, type %12s ",
465 migratetype_names[mtype]);
466 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order) {
467 unsigned long freecount = 0;
468 struct free_area *area;
469 struct list_head *curr;
471 area = &(zone->free_area[order]);
473 list_for_each(curr, &area->free_list[mtype])
475 seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", freecount);
481 /* Print out the free pages at each order for each migatetype */
482 static int pagetypeinfo_showfree(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
485 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
488 seq_printf(m, "%-43s ", "Free pages count per migrate type at order");
489 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
490 seq_printf(m, "%6d ", order);
493 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, pagetypeinfo_showfree_print);
498 static void pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print(struct seq_file *m,
499 pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
503 unsigned long start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
504 unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
505 unsigned long count[MIGRATE_TYPES] = { 0, };
507 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {
513 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
514 mtype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
520 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
521 for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++)
522 seq_printf(m, "%12lu ", count[mtype]);
526 /* Print out the free pages at each order for each migratetype */
527 static int pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
530 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
532 seq_printf(m, "\n%-23s", "Number of blocks type ");
533 for (mtype = 0; mtype < MIGRATE_TYPES; mtype++)
534 seq_printf(m, "%12s ", migratetype_names[mtype]);
536 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print);
542 * This prints out statistics in relation to grouping pages by mobility.
543 * It is expensive to collect so do not constantly read the file.
545 static int pagetypeinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
547 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
549 seq_printf(m, "Page block order: %d\n", pageblock_order);
550 seq_printf(m, "Pages per block: %lu\n", pageblock_nr_pages);
552 pagetypeinfo_showfree(m, pgdat);
553 pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(m, pgdat);
558 const struct seq_operations fragmentation_op = {
565 const struct seq_operations pagetypeinfo_op = {
569 .show = pagetypeinfo_show,
572 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
573 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) xx "_dma",
575 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx)
578 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
579 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_dma32",
581 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx)
584 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
585 #define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_high",
587 #define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx)
590 #define TEXTS_FOR_ZONES(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_normal", \
591 TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_movable",
593 static const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
594 /* Zoned VM counters */
603 "nr_slab_reclaimable",
604 "nr_slab_unreclaimable",
605 "nr_page_table_pages",
619 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
625 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgalloc")
634 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgrefill")
635 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgsteal")
636 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_kswapd")
637 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_direct")
650 static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
654 seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
660 "\n scanned %lu (a: %lu i: %lu)"
663 zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES),
668 zone->nr_scan_active, zone->nr_scan_inactive,
670 zone->present_pages);
672 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
673 seq_printf(m, "\n %-12s %lu", vmstat_text[i],
674 zone_page_state(zone, i));
677 "\n protection: (%lu",
678 zone->lowmem_reserve[0]);
679 for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(zone->lowmem_reserve); i++)
680 seq_printf(m, ", %lu", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
684 for_each_online_cpu(i) {
685 struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;
687 pageset = zone_pcp(zone, i);
698 seq_printf(m, "\n vm stats threshold: %d",
699 pageset->stat_threshold);
703 "\n all_unreclaimable: %u"
704 "\n prev_priority: %i"
706 zone_is_all_unreclaimable(zone),
708 zone->zone_start_pfn);
713 * Output information about zones in @pgdat.
715 static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
717 pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
718 walk_zones_in_node(m, pgdat, zoneinfo_show_print);
722 const struct seq_operations zoneinfo_op = {
723 .start = frag_start, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in
727 .show = zoneinfo_show,
730 static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
733 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
738 if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
741 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
742 v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long)
743 + sizeof(struct vm_event_state), GFP_KERNEL);
745 v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long),
750 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
751 for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
752 v[i] = global_page_state(i);
753 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
754 e = v + NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS;
756 e[PGPGIN] /= 2; /* sectors -> kbytes */
762 static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
765 if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
767 return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos;
770 static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
772 unsigned long *l = arg;
773 unsigned long off = l - (unsigned long *)m->private;
775 seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", vmstat_text[off], *l);
779 static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
785 const struct seq_operations vmstat_op = {
786 .start = vmstat_start,
792 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
795 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work);
796 int sysctl_stat_interval __read_mostly = HZ;
798 static void vmstat_update(struct work_struct *w)
800 refresh_cpu_vm_stats(smp_processor_id());
801 schedule_delayed_work(&__get_cpu_var(vmstat_work),
802 sysctl_stat_interval);
805 static void __cpuinit start_cpu_timer(int cpu)
807 struct delayed_work *vmstat_work = &per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu);
809 INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(vmstat_work, vmstat_update);
810 schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, vmstat_work, HZ + cpu);
814 * Use the cpu notifier to insure that the thresholds are recalculated
817 static int __cpuinit vmstat_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
818 unsigned long action,
821 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
825 case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
826 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
828 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
829 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
830 cancel_rearming_delayed_work(&per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu));
831 per_cpu(vmstat_work, cpu).work.func = NULL;
833 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
834 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
835 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
838 case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
839 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
847 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata vmstat_notifier =
848 { &vmstat_cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };
850 static int __init setup_vmstat(void)
854 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
855 register_cpu_notifier(&vmstat_notifier);
857 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
858 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
861 module_init(setup_vmstat)