3 Skeleton code for a Comedi driver
5 COMEDI - Linux Control and Measurement Device Interface
6 Copyright (C) 2000 David A. Schleef <ds@schleef.org>
8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
25 Description: Skeleton driver, an example for driver writers
28 Updated: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 15:34:01 -0800
31 This driver is a documented example on how Comedi drivers are
34 Configuration Options:
39 * The previous block comment is used to automatically generate
40 * documentation in Comedi and Comedilib. The fields:
42 * Driver: the name of the driver
43 * Description: a short phrase describing the driver. Don't list boards.
44 * Devices: a full list of the boards that attempt to be supported by
45 * the driver. Format is "(manufacturer) board name [comedi name]",
46 * where comedi_name is the name that is used to configure the board.
47 * See the comment near board_name: in the struct comedi_driver structure
48 * below. If (manufacturer) or [comedi name] is missing, the previous
51 * Updated: date when the _documentation_ was last updated. Use 'date -R'
52 * to get a value for this.
53 * Status: a one-word description of the status. Valid values are:
54 * works - driver works correctly on most boards supported, and
56 * unknown - unknown. Usually put there by ds.
57 * experimental - may not work in any particular release. Author
58 * probably wants assistance testing it.
59 * bitrotten - driver has not been update in a long time, probably
60 * doesn't work, and probably is missing support for significant
61 * Comedi interface features.
62 * untested - author probably wrote it "blind", and is believed to
63 * work, but no confirmation.
65 * These headers should be followed by a blank line, and any comments
66 * you wish to say about the driver. The comment area is the place
67 * to put any known bugs, limitations, unsupported features, supported
68 * command triggers, whether or not commands are supported on particular
71 * Somewhere in the comment should be information about configuration
72 * options that are used with comedi_config.
75 #include "../comedidev.h"
77 #include <linux/pci.h> /* for PCI devices */
79 /* Imaginary registers for the imaginary board */
83 #define SKEL_START_AI_CONV 0
84 #define SKEL_AI_READ 0
87 * Board descriptions for two imaginary boards. Describing the
88 * boards in this way is optional, and completely driver-dependent.
89 * Some drivers use arrays such as this, other do not.
98 static const struct skel_board skel_boards[] = {
113 /* This is used by modprobe to translate PCI IDs to drivers. Should
114 * only be used for PCI and ISA-PnP devices */
115 /* Please add your PCI vendor ID to comedidev.h, and it will be forwarded
117 #define PCI_VENDOR_ID_SKEL 0xdafe
118 static DEFINE_PCI_DEVICE_TABLE(skel_pci_table) = {
119 {PCI_VENDOR_ID_SKEL, 0x0100, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
120 {PCI_VENDOR_ID_SKEL, 0x0200, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
124 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, skel_pci_table);
127 * Useful for shorthand access to the particular board structure
129 #define thisboard ((const struct skel_board *)dev->board_ptr)
131 /* this structure is for data unique to this hardware driver. If
132 several hardware drivers keep similar information in this structure,
133 feel free to suggest moving the variable to the struct comedi_device struct. */
134 struct skel_private {
138 /* would be useful for a PCI device */
139 struct pci_dev *pci_dev;
141 /* Used for AO readback */
142 unsigned int ao_readback[2];
146 * most drivers define the following macro to make it easy to
147 * access the private structure.
149 #define devpriv ((struct skel_private *)dev->private)
152 * The struct comedi_driver structure tells the Comedi core module
153 * which functions to call to configure/deconfigure (attach/detach)
154 * the board, and also about the kernel module that contains
157 static int skel_attach(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_devconfig *it);
158 static int skel_detach(struct comedi_device *dev);
159 static struct comedi_driver driver_skel = {
164 /* It is not necessary to implement the following members if you are
165 * writing a driver for a ISA PnP or PCI card */
166 /* Most drivers will support multiple types of boards by
167 * having an array of board structures. These were defined
168 * in skel_boards[] above. Note that the element 'name'
169 * was first in the structure -- Comedi uses this fact to
170 * extract the name of the board without knowing any details
171 * about the structure except for its length.
172 * When a device is attached (by comedi_config), the name
173 * of the device is given to Comedi, and Comedi tries to
174 * match it by going through the list of board names. If
175 * there is a match, the address of the pointer is put
176 * into dev->board_ptr and driver->attach() is called.
178 * Note that these are not necessary if you can determine
179 * the type of board in software. ISA PnP, PCI, and PCMCIA
180 * devices are such boards.
182 board_name:&skel_boards[0].name,
183 offset:sizeof(struct skel_board),
184 num_names:sizeof(skel_boards) / sizeof(struct skel_board),
187 static int skel_ai_rinsn(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
188 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data);
189 static int skel_ao_winsn(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
190 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data);
191 static int skel_ao_rinsn(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
192 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data);
193 static int skel_dio_insn_bits(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
194 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data);
195 static int skel_dio_insn_config(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
196 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data);
197 static int skel_ai_cmdtest(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
198 struct comedi_cmd *cmd);
199 static int skel_ns_to_timer(unsigned int *ns, int round);
202 * Attach is called by the Comedi core to configure the driver
203 * for a particular board. If you specified a board_name array
204 * in the driver structure, dev->board_ptr contains that
207 static int skel_attach(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_devconfig *it)
209 struct comedi_subdevice *s;
211 printk("comedi%d: skel: ", dev->minor);
214 * If you can probe the device to determine what device in a series
215 * it is, this is the place to do it. Otherwise, dev->board_ptr
216 * should already be initialized.
218 /* dev->board_ptr = skel_probe(dev, it); */
221 * Initialize dev->board_name. Note that we can use the "thisboard"
222 * macro now, since we just initialized it in the last line.
224 dev->board_name = thisboard->name;
227 * Allocate the private structure area. alloc_private() is a
228 * convenient macro defined in comedidev.h.
230 if (alloc_private(dev, sizeof(struct skel_private)) < 0)
234 * Allocate the subdevice structures. alloc_subdevice() is a
235 * convenient macro defined in comedidev.h.
237 if (alloc_subdevices(dev, 3) < 0)
240 s = dev->subdevices + 0;
241 /* dev->read_subdev=s; */
242 /* analog input subdevice */
243 s->type = COMEDI_SUBD_AI;
244 /* we support single-ended (ground) and differential */
245 s->subdev_flags = SDF_READABLE | SDF_GROUND | SDF_DIFF;
246 s->n_chan = thisboard->ai_chans;
247 s->maxdata = (1 << thisboard->ai_bits) - 1;
248 s->range_table = &range_bipolar10;
249 s->len_chanlist = 16; /* This is the maximum chanlist length that
250 the board can handle */
251 s->insn_read = skel_ai_rinsn;
253 * s->subdev_flags |= SDF_CMD_READ;
254 * s->do_cmd = skel_ai_cmd;
256 s->do_cmdtest = skel_ai_cmdtest;
258 s = dev->subdevices + 1;
259 /* analog output subdevice */
260 s->type = COMEDI_SUBD_AO;
261 s->subdev_flags = SDF_WRITABLE;
264 s->range_table = &range_bipolar5;
265 s->insn_write = skel_ao_winsn;
266 s->insn_read = skel_ao_rinsn;
268 s = dev->subdevices + 2;
269 /* digital i/o subdevice */
270 if (thisboard->have_dio) {
271 s->type = COMEDI_SUBD_DIO;
272 s->subdev_flags = SDF_READABLE | SDF_WRITABLE;
275 s->range_table = &range_digital;
276 s->insn_bits = skel_dio_insn_bits;
277 s->insn_config = skel_dio_insn_config;
279 s->type = COMEDI_SUBD_UNUSED;
282 printk("attached\n");
288 * _detach is called to deconfigure a device. It should deallocate
290 * This function is also called when _attach() fails, so it should be
291 * careful not to release resources that were not necessarily
292 * allocated by _attach(). dev->private and dev->subdevices are
293 * deallocated automatically by the core.
295 static int skel_detach(struct comedi_device *dev)
297 printk("comedi%d: skel: remove\n", dev->minor);
303 * "instructions" read/write data in "one-shot" or "software-triggered"
306 static int skel_ai_rinsn(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
307 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data)
313 /* a typical programming sequence */
315 /* write channel to multiplexer */
316 /* outw(chan,dev->iobase + SKEL_MUX); */
318 /* don't wait for mux to settle */
320 /* convert n samples */
321 for (n = 0; n < insn->n; n++) {
322 /* trigger conversion */
323 /* outw(0,dev->iobase + SKEL_CONVERT); */
326 /* wait for conversion to end */
327 for (i = 0; i < TIMEOUT; i++) {
329 /* status = inb(dev->iobase + SKEL_STATUS); */
334 /* rt_printk() should be used instead of printk()
335 * whenever the code can be called from real-time. */
336 rt_printk("timeout\n");
341 /* d = inw(dev->iobase + SKEL_AI_DATA); */
344 /* mangle the data as necessary */
345 d ^= 1 << (thisboard->ai_bits - 1);
350 /* return the number of samples read/written */
354 static int skel_ai_cmdtest(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
355 struct comedi_cmd *cmd)
360 /* cmdtest tests a particular command to see if it is valid.
361 * Using the cmdtest ioctl, a user can create a valid cmd
362 * and then have it executes by the cmd ioctl.
364 * cmdtest returns 1,2,3,4 or 0, depending on which tests
365 * the command passes. */
367 /* step 1: make sure trigger sources are trivially valid */
369 tmp = cmd->start_src;
370 cmd->start_src &= TRIG_NOW;
371 if (!cmd->start_src || tmp != cmd->start_src)
374 tmp = cmd->scan_begin_src;
375 cmd->scan_begin_src &= TRIG_TIMER | TRIG_EXT;
376 if (!cmd->scan_begin_src || tmp != cmd->scan_begin_src)
379 tmp = cmd->convert_src;
380 cmd->convert_src &= TRIG_TIMER | TRIG_EXT;
381 if (!cmd->convert_src || tmp != cmd->convert_src)
384 tmp = cmd->scan_end_src;
385 cmd->scan_end_src &= TRIG_COUNT;
386 if (!cmd->scan_end_src || tmp != cmd->scan_end_src)
390 cmd->stop_src &= TRIG_COUNT | TRIG_NONE;
391 if (!cmd->stop_src || tmp != cmd->stop_src)
397 /* step 2: make sure trigger sources are unique and mutually compatible */
399 /* note that mutual compatiblity is not an issue here */
400 if (cmd->scan_begin_src != TRIG_TIMER &&
401 cmd->scan_begin_src != TRIG_EXT)
403 if (cmd->convert_src != TRIG_TIMER && cmd->convert_src != TRIG_EXT)
405 if (cmd->stop_src != TRIG_COUNT && cmd->stop_src != TRIG_NONE)
411 /* step 3: make sure arguments are trivially compatible */
413 if (cmd->start_arg != 0) {
417 #define MAX_SPEED 10000 /* in nanoseconds */
418 #define MIN_SPEED 1000000000 /* in nanoseconds */
420 if (cmd->scan_begin_src == TRIG_TIMER) {
421 if (cmd->scan_begin_arg < MAX_SPEED) {
422 cmd->scan_begin_arg = MAX_SPEED;
425 if (cmd->scan_begin_arg > MIN_SPEED) {
426 cmd->scan_begin_arg = MIN_SPEED;
430 /* external trigger */
431 /* should be level/edge, hi/lo specification here */
432 /* should specify multiple external triggers */
433 if (cmd->scan_begin_arg > 9) {
434 cmd->scan_begin_arg = 9;
438 if (cmd->convert_src == TRIG_TIMER) {
439 if (cmd->convert_arg < MAX_SPEED) {
440 cmd->convert_arg = MAX_SPEED;
443 if (cmd->convert_arg > MIN_SPEED) {
444 cmd->convert_arg = MIN_SPEED;
448 /* external trigger */
450 if (cmd->convert_arg > 9) {
451 cmd->convert_arg = 9;
456 if (cmd->scan_end_arg != cmd->chanlist_len) {
457 cmd->scan_end_arg = cmd->chanlist_len;
460 if (cmd->stop_src == TRIG_COUNT) {
461 if (cmd->stop_arg > 0x00ffffff) {
462 cmd->stop_arg = 0x00ffffff;
467 if (cmd->stop_arg != 0) {
476 /* step 4: fix up any arguments */
478 if (cmd->scan_begin_src == TRIG_TIMER) {
479 tmp = cmd->scan_begin_arg;
480 skel_ns_to_timer(&cmd->scan_begin_arg,
481 cmd->flags & TRIG_ROUND_MASK);
482 if (tmp != cmd->scan_begin_arg)
485 if (cmd->convert_src == TRIG_TIMER) {
486 tmp = cmd->convert_arg;
487 skel_ns_to_timer(&cmd->convert_arg,
488 cmd->flags & TRIG_ROUND_MASK);
489 if (tmp != cmd->convert_arg)
491 if (cmd->scan_begin_src == TRIG_TIMER &&
492 cmd->scan_begin_arg <
493 cmd->convert_arg * cmd->scan_end_arg) {
494 cmd->scan_begin_arg =
495 cmd->convert_arg * cmd->scan_end_arg;
506 /* This function doesn't require a particular form, this is just
507 * what happens to be used in some of the drivers. It should
508 * convert ns nanoseconds to a counter value suitable for programming
509 * the device. Also, it should adjust ns so that it cooresponds to
510 * the actual time that the device will use. */
511 static int skel_ns_to_timer(unsigned int *ns, int round)
514 /* if your timing is done through two cascaded timers, the
515 * i8253_cascade_ns_to_timer() function in 8253.h can be
516 * very helpful. There are also i8254_load() and i8254_mm_load()
517 * which can be used to load values into the ubiquitous 8254 counters
523 static int skel_ao_winsn(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
524 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data)
527 int chan = CR_CHAN(insn->chanspec);
529 printk("skel_ao_winsn\n");
530 /* Writing a list of values to an AO channel is probably not
531 * very useful, but that's how the interface is defined. */
532 for (i = 0; i < insn->n; i++) {
533 /* a typical programming sequence */
534 /* outw(data[i],dev->iobase + SKEL_DA0 + chan); */
535 devpriv->ao_readback[chan] = data[i];
538 /* return the number of samples read/written */
542 /* AO subdevices should have a read insn as well as a write insn.
543 * Usually this means copying a value stored in devpriv. */
544 static int skel_ao_rinsn(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
545 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data)
548 int chan = CR_CHAN(insn->chanspec);
550 for (i = 0; i < insn->n; i++)
551 data[i] = devpriv->ao_readback[chan];
556 /* DIO devices are slightly special. Although it is possible to
557 * implement the insn_read/insn_write interface, it is much more
558 * useful to applications if you implement the insn_bits interface.
559 * This allows packed reading/writing of the DIO channels. The
560 * comedi core can convert between insn_bits and insn_read/write */
561 static int skel_dio_insn_bits(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
562 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data)
567 /* The insn data is a mask in data[0] and the new data
568 * in data[1], each channel cooresponding to a bit. */
570 s->state &= ~data[0];
571 s->state |= data[0] & data[1];
572 /* Write out the new digital output lines */
573 /* outw(s->state,dev->iobase + SKEL_DIO); */
576 /* on return, data[1] contains the value of the digital
577 * input and output lines. */
578 /* data[1]=inw(dev->iobase + SKEL_DIO); */
579 /* or we could just return the software copy of the output values if
580 * it was a purely digital output subdevice */
581 /* data[1]=s->state; */
586 static int skel_dio_insn_config(struct comedi_device *dev, struct comedi_subdevice *s,
587 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data)
589 int chan = CR_CHAN(insn->chanspec);
591 /* The input or output configuration of each digital line is
592 * configured by a special insn_config instruction. chanspec
593 * contains the channel to be changed, and data[0] contains the
594 * value COMEDI_INPUT or COMEDI_OUTPUT. */
596 case INSN_CONFIG_DIO_OUTPUT:
597 s->io_bits |= 1 << chan;
599 case INSN_CONFIG_DIO_INPUT:
600 s->io_bits &= ~(1 << chan);
602 case INSN_CONFIG_DIO_QUERY:
605 io_bits & (1 << chan)) ? COMEDI_OUTPUT : COMEDI_INPUT;
612 /* outw(s->io_bits,dev->iobase + SKEL_DIO_CONFIG); */
618 * A convenient macro that defines init_module() and cleanup_module(),
621 COMEDI_INITCLEANUP(driver_skel);
622 /* If you are writing a PCI driver you should use COMEDI_PCI_INITCLEANUP instead.
624 /* COMEDI_PCI_INITCLEANUP(driver_skel, skel_pci_table) */