2 * Copyright 2002-2005, Instant802 Networks, Inc.
3 * Copyright 2005, Devicescape Software, Inc.
4 * Copyright 2007, Mattias Nissler <mattias.nissler@gmx.de>
5 * Copyright 2007-2008, Stefano Brivio <stefano.brivio@polimi.it>
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
15 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
16 #include <net/mac80211.h>
19 #include "rc80211_pid.h"
22 /* This is an implementation of a TX rate control algorithm that uses a PID
23 * controller. Given a target failed frames rate, the controller decides about
24 * TX rate changes to meet the target failed frames rate.
26 * The controller basically computes the following:
28 * adj = CP * err + CI * err_avg + CD * (err - last_err) * (1 + sharpening)
31 * adj adjustment value that is used to switch TX rate (see below)
32 * err current error: target vs. current failed frames percentage
34 * err_avg average (i.e. poor man's integral) of recent errors
35 * sharpening non-zero when fast response is needed (i.e. right after
36 * association or no frames sent for a long time), heading
38 * CP Proportional coefficient
39 * CI Integral coefficient
40 * CD Derivative coefficient
42 * CP, CI, CD are subject to careful tuning.
44 * The integral component uses a exponential moving average approach instead of
45 * an actual sliding window. The advantage is that we don't need to keep an
46 * array of the last N error values and computation is easier.
48 * Once we have the adj value, we map it to a rate by means of a learning
49 * algorithm. This algorithm keeps the state of the percentual failed frames
50 * difference between rates. The behaviour of the lowest available rate is kept
51 * as a reference value, and every time we switch between two rates, we compute
52 * the difference between the failed frames each rate exhibited. By doing so,
53 * we compare behaviours which different rates exhibited in adjacent timeslices,
54 * thus the comparison is minimally affected by external conditions. This
55 * difference gets propagated to the whole set of measurements, so that the
56 * reference is always the same. Periodically, we normalize this set so that
57 * recent events weigh the most. By comparing the adj value with this set, we
58 * avoid pejorative switches to lower rates and allow for switches to higher
59 * rates if they behaved well.
61 * Note that for the computations we use a fixed-point representation to avoid
62 * floating point arithmetic. Hence, all values are shifted left by
67 /* Adjust the rate while ensuring that we won't switch to a lower rate if it
68 * exhibited a worse failed frames behaviour and we'll choose the highest rate
69 * whose failed frames behaviour is not worse than the one of the original rate
70 * target. While at it, check that the new rate is valid. */
71 static void rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(struct ieee80211_local *local,
72 struct sta_info *sta, int adj,
73 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo)
75 struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
76 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
77 int cur_sorted, new_sorted, probe, tmp, n_bitrates, band;
78 int cur = sta->txrate_idx;
81 sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
83 n_bitrates = sband->n_bitrates;
85 /* Map passed arguments to sorted values. */
86 cur_sorted = rinfo[cur].rev_index;
87 new_sorted = cur_sorted + adj;
91 new_sorted = rinfo[0].rev_index;
92 else if (new_sorted >= n_bitrates)
93 new_sorted = rinfo[n_bitrates - 1].rev_index;
98 /* Ensure that the rate decrease isn't disadvantageous. */
99 for (probe = cur_sorted; probe >= new_sorted; probe--)
100 if (rinfo[probe].diff <= rinfo[cur_sorted].diff &&
101 rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[probe].index))
104 /* Look for rate increase with zero (or below) cost. */
105 for (probe = new_sorted + 1; probe < n_bitrates; probe++)
106 if (rinfo[probe].diff <= rinfo[new_sorted].diff &&
107 rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[probe].index))
111 /* Fit the rate found to the nearest supported rate. */
113 if (rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[tmp].index)) {
114 sta->txrate_idx = rinfo[tmp].index;
121 } while (tmp < n_bitrates && tmp >= 0);
123 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
124 rate_control_pid_event_rate_change(
125 &((struct rc_pid_sta_info *)sta->rate_ctrl_priv)->events,
126 sta->txrate_idx, sband->bitrates[sta->txrate_idx].bitrate);
130 /* Normalize the failed frames per-rate differences. */
131 static void rate_control_pid_normalize(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo, int l)
133 int i, norm_offset = pinfo->norm_offset;
134 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *r = pinfo->rinfo;
136 if (r[0].diff > norm_offset)
137 r[0].diff -= norm_offset;
138 else if (r[0].diff < -norm_offset)
139 r[0].diff += norm_offset;
140 for (i = 0; i < l - 1; i++)
141 if (r[i + 1].diff > r[i].diff + norm_offset)
142 r[i + 1].diff -= norm_offset;
143 else if (r[i + 1].diff <= r[i].diff)
144 r[i + 1].diff += norm_offset;
147 static void rate_control_pid_sample(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo,
148 struct ieee80211_local *local,
149 struct sta_info *sta)
151 struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata = sta->sdata;
152 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
153 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo = pinfo->rinfo;
154 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
161 unsigned long period;
163 sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
164 spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
166 /* In case nothing happened during the previous control interval, turn
167 * the sharpening factor on. */
168 period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
171 if (jiffies - spinfo->last_sample > 2 * period)
172 spinfo->sharp_cnt = pinfo->sharpen_duration;
174 spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
176 /* This should never happen, but in case, we assume the old sample is
177 * still a good measurement and copy it. */
178 if (unlikely(spinfo->tx_num_xmit == 0))
179 pf = spinfo->last_pf;
181 pf = spinfo->tx_num_failed * 100 / spinfo->tx_num_xmit;
182 if (ieee80211_vif_is_mesh(&sdata->vif) && pf == 100)
183 mesh_plink_broken(sta);
184 pf <<= RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
185 sta->fail_avg = ((pf + (spinfo->last_pf << 3)) / 9)
186 >> RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
189 spinfo->tx_num_xmit = 0;
190 spinfo->tx_num_failed = 0;
192 /* If we just switched rate, update the rate behaviour info. */
193 if (pinfo->oldrate != sta->txrate_idx) {
195 i = rinfo[pinfo->oldrate].rev_index;
196 j = rinfo[sta->txrate_idx].rev_index;
198 tmp = (pf - spinfo->last_pf);
199 tmp = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(tmp, RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
201 rinfo[j].diff = rinfo[i].diff + tmp;
202 pinfo->oldrate = sta->txrate_idx;
204 rate_control_pid_normalize(pinfo, sband->n_bitrates);
206 /* Compute the proportional, integral and derivative errors. */
207 err_prop = (pinfo->target << RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT) - pf;
209 err_avg = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
210 spinfo->err_avg_sc = spinfo->err_avg_sc - err_avg + err_prop;
211 err_int = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
213 err_der = (pf - spinfo->last_pf) *
214 (1 + pinfo->sharpen_factor * spinfo->sharp_cnt);
215 spinfo->last_pf = pf;
216 if (spinfo->sharp_cnt)
219 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
220 rate_control_pid_event_pf_sample(&spinfo->events, pf, err_prop, err_int,
224 /* Compute the controller output. */
225 adj = (err_prop * pinfo->coeff_p + err_int * pinfo->coeff_i
226 + err_der * pinfo->coeff_d);
227 adj = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(adj, 2 * RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
231 rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(local, sta, adj, rinfo);
234 static void rate_control_pid_tx_status(void *priv, struct net_device *dev,
237 struct ieee80211_local *local = wdev_priv(dev->ieee80211_ptr);
238 struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
239 struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
240 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
241 struct sta_info *sta;
242 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
243 unsigned long period;
244 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
245 struct ieee80211_tx_info *info = IEEE80211_SKB_CB(skb);
249 sta = sta_info_get(local, hdr->addr1);
250 sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
255 /* Don't update the state if we're not controlling the rate. */
257 if (sdata->force_unicast_rateidx > -1) {
258 sta->txrate_idx = sdata->max_ratectrl_rateidx;
262 /* Ignore all frames that were sent with a different rate than the rate
263 * we currently advise mac80211 to use. */
264 if (info->tx_rate_idx != sta->txrate_idx)
267 spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
268 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
270 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
271 rate_control_pid_event_tx_status(&spinfo->events, info);
274 /* We count frames that totally failed to be transmitted as two bad
275 * frames, those that made it out but had some retries as one good and
277 if (info->status.excessive_retries) {
278 spinfo->tx_num_failed += 2;
279 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
280 } else if (info->status.retry_count) {
281 spinfo->tx_num_failed++;
282 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
285 if (info->status.excessive_retries) {
286 sta->tx_retry_failed++;
287 sta->tx_num_consecutive_failures++;
288 sta->tx_num_mpdu_fail++;
290 sta->tx_num_consecutive_failures = 0;
291 sta->tx_num_mpdu_ok++;
293 sta->tx_retry_count += info->status.retry_count;
294 sta->tx_num_mpdu_fail += info->status.retry_count;
296 /* Update PID controller state. */
297 period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
300 if (time_after(jiffies, spinfo->last_sample + period))
301 rate_control_pid_sample(pinfo, local, sta);
307 static void rate_control_pid_get_rate(void *priv, struct net_device *dev,
308 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband,
310 struct rate_selection *sel)
312 struct ieee80211_local *local = wdev_priv(dev->ieee80211_ptr);
313 struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
314 struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
315 struct sta_info *sta;
321 sta = sta_info_get(local, hdr->addr1);
323 /* Send management frames and broadcast/multicast data using lowest
325 fc = le16_to_cpu(hdr->frame_control);
326 if ((fc & IEEE80211_FCTL_FTYPE) != IEEE80211_FTYPE_DATA ||
327 is_multicast_ether_addr(hdr->addr1) || !sta) {
328 sel->rate_idx = rate_lowest_index(local, sband, sta);
333 /* If a forced rate is in effect, select it. */
334 sdata = IEEE80211_DEV_TO_SUB_IF(dev);
335 if (sdata->force_unicast_rateidx > -1)
336 sta->txrate_idx = sdata->force_unicast_rateidx;
338 rateidx = sta->txrate_idx;
340 if (rateidx >= sband->n_bitrates)
341 rateidx = sband->n_bitrates - 1;
343 sta->last_txrate_idx = rateidx;
347 sel->rate_idx = rateidx;
349 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
350 rate_control_pid_event_tx_rate(
351 &((struct rc_pid_sta_info *) sta->rate_ctrl_priv)->events,
352 rateidx, sband->bitrates[rateidx].bitrate);
356 static void rate_control_pid_rate_init(void *priv, void *priv_sta,
357 struct ieee80211_local *local,
358 struct sta_info *sta)
360 /* TODO: This routine should consider using RSSI from previous packets
361 * as we need to have IEEE 802.1X auth succeed immediately after assoc..
362 * Until that method is implemented, we will use the lowest supported
363 * rate as a workaround. */
364 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
366 sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
367 sta->txrate_idx = rate_lowest_index(local, sband, sta);
371 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc(struct ieee80211_local *local)
373 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo;
374 struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo;
375 struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
378 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
379 struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de;
382 sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
384 pinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*pinfo), GFP_ATOMIC);
388 /* We can safely assume that sband won't change unless we get
390 rinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*rinfo) * sband->n_bitrates, GFP_ATOMIC);
396 pinfo->target = RC_PID_TARGET_PF;
397 pinfo->sampling_period = RC_PID_INTERVAL;
398 pinfo->coeff_p = RC_PID_COEFF_P;
399 pinfo->coeff_i = RC_PID_COEFF_I;
400 pinfo->coeff_d = RC_PID_COEFF_D;
401 pinfo->smoothing_shift = RC_PID_SMOOTHING_SHIFT;
402 pinfo->sharpen_factor = RC_PID_SHARPENING_FACTOR;
403 pinfo->sharpen_duration = RC_PID_SHARPENING_DURATION;
404 pinfo->norm_offset = RC_PID_NORM_OFFSET;
405 pinfo->rinfo = rinfo;
408 /* Sort the rates. This is optimized for the most common case (i.e.
409 * almost-sorted CCK+OFDM rates). Kind of bubble-sort with reversed
411 for (i = 0; i < sband->n_bitrates; i++) {
413 rinfo[i].rev_index = i;
414 if (RC_PID_FAST_START)
417 rinfo[i].diff = i * pinfo->norm_offset;
419 for (i = 1; i < sband->n_bitrates; i++) {
421 for (j = 0; j < sband->n_bitrates - i; j++)
422 if (unlikely(sband->bitrates[rinfo[j].index].bitrate >
423 sband->bitrates[rinfo[j + 1].index].bitrate)) {
424 tmp = rinfo[j].index;
425 rinfo[j].index = rinfo[j + 1].index;
426 rinfo[j + 1].index = tmp;
427 rinfo[rinfo[j].index].rev_index = j;
428 rinfo[rinfo[j + 1].index].rev_index = j + 1;
435 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
436 de = &pinfo->dentries;
437 de->dir = debugfs_create_dir("rc80211_pid",
438 local->hw.wiphy->debugfsdir);
439 de->target = debugfs_create_u32("target_pf", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
440 de->dir, &pinfo->target);
441 de->sampling_period = debugfs_create_u32("sampling_period",
442 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
443 &pinfo->sampling_period);
444 de->coeff_p = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_p", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
445 de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_p);
446 de->coeff_i = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_i", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
447 de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_i);
448 de->coeff_d = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_d", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
449 de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_d);
450 de->smoothing_shift = debugfs_create_u32("smoothing_shift",
451 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
452 &pinfo->smoothing_shift);
453 de->sharpen_factor = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_factor",
454 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
455 &pinfo->sharpen_factor);
456 de->sharpen_duration = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_duration",
457 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
458 &pinfo->sharpen_duration);
459 de->norm_offset = debugfs_create_u32("norm_offset",
460 S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
461 &pinfo->norm_offset);
467 static void rate_control_pid_free(void *priv)
469 struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
470 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
471 struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de = &pinfo->dentries;
473 debugfs_remove(de->norm_offset);
474 debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_duration);
475 debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_factor);
476 debugfs_remove(de->smoothing_shift);
477 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_d);
478 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_i);
479 debugfs_remove(de->coeff_p);
480 debugfs_remove(de->sampling_period);
481 debugfs_remove(de->target);
482 debugfs_remove(de->dir);
489 static void rate_control_pid_clear(void *priv)
493 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc_sta(void *priv, gfp_t gfp)
495 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
497 spinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*spinfo), gfp);
501 spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
503 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
504 spin_lock_init(&spinfo->events.lock);
505 init_waitqueue_head(&spinfo->events.waitqueue);
511 static void rate_control_pid_free_sta(void *priv, void *priv_sta)
513 struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = priv_sta;
517 static struct rate_control_ops mac80211_rcpid = {
519 .tx_status = rate_control_pid_tx_status,
520 .get_rate = rate_control_pid_get_rate,
521 .rate_init = rate_control_pid_rate_init,
522 .clear = rate_control_pid_clear,
523 .alloc = rate_control_pid_alloc,
524 .free = rate_control_pid_free,
525 .alloc_sta = rate_control_pid_alloc_sta,
526 .free_sta = rate_control_pid_free_sta,
527 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
528 .add_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_add_sta_debugfs,
529 .remove_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_remove_sta_debugfs,
533 int __init rc80211_pid_init(void)
535 return ieee80211_rate_control_register(&mac80211_rcpid);
538 void rc80211_pid_exit(void)
540 ieee80211_rate_control_unregister(&mac80211_rcpid);