2 * linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/smp.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/initrd.h>
22 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
23 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
24 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
25 #include <linux/pci.h>
26 #include <linux/pfn.h>
27 #include <linux/poison.h>
28 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
31 #include <linux/nmi.h>
33 #include <asm/processor.h>
34 #include <asm/system.h>
35 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
36 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
37 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
39 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
43 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
44 #include <asm/proto.h>
46 #include <asm/sections.h>
47 #include <asm/kdebug.h>
49 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
52 * end_pfn only includes RAM, while max_pfn_mapped includes all e820 entries.
53 * The direct mapping extends to max_pfn_mapped, so that we can directly access
54 * apertures, ACPI and other tables without having to play with fixmaps.
56 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
58 static unsigned long dma_reserve __initdata;
60 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
62 int direct_gbpages __meminitdata
63 #ifdef CONFIG_DIRECT_GBPAGES
68 static int __init parse_direct_gbpages_off(char *arg)
73 early_param("nogbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_off);
75 static int __init parse_direct_gbpages_on(char *arg)
80 early_param("gbpages", parse_direct_gbpages_on);
83 * NOTE: pagetable_init alloc all the fixmap pagetables contiguous on the
84 * physical space so we can cache the place of the first one and move
85 * around without checking the pgd every time.
90 long i, total = 0, reserved = 0;
91 long shared = 0, cached = 0;
95 printk(KERN_INFO "Mem-info:\n");
97 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
98 for (i = 0; i < pgdat->node_spanned_pages; ++i) {
100 * This loop can take a while with 256 GB and
101 * 4k pages so defer the NMI watchdog:
103 if (unlikely(i % MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES == 0))
104 touch_nmi_watchdog();
106 if (!pfn_valid(pgdat->node_start_pfn + i))
109 page = pfn_to_page(pgdat->node_start_pfn + i);
111 if (PageReserved(page))
113 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
115 else if (page_count(page))
116 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
119 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu pages of RAM\n", total);
120 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu reserved pages\n", reserved);
121 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu pages shared\n", shared);
122 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu pages swap cached\n", cached);
127 static __init void *spp_getpage(void)
132 ptr = (void *) get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC);
134 ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
136 if (!ptr || ((unsigned long)ptr & ~PAGE_MASK)) {
137 panic("set_pte_phys: cannot allocate page data %s\n",
138 after_bootmem ? "after bootmem" : "");
141 pr_debug("spp_getpage %p\n", ptr);
147 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long vaddr, pte_t new_pte)
153 pud = pud_page + pud_index(vaddr);
154 if (pud_none(*pud)) {
155 pmd = (pmd_t *) spp_getpage();
156 pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, pmd);
157 if (pmd != pmd_offset(pud, 0)) {
158 printk(KERN_ERR "PAGETABLE BUG #01! %p <-> %p\n",
159 pmd, pmd_offset(pud, 0));
163 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
164 if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
165 pte = (pte_t *) spp_getpage();
166 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, pte);
167 if (pte != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0)) {
168 printk(KERN_ERR "PAGETABLE BUG #02!\n");
173 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
174 if (!pte_none(*pte) && pte_val(new_pte) &&
175 pte_val(*pte) != (pte_val(new_pte) & __supported_pte_mask))
177 set_pte(pte, new_pte);
180 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
181 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
183 __flush_tlb_one(vaddr);
187 set_pte_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr, pte_t pteval)
192 pr_debug("set_pte_vaddr %lx to %lx\n", vaddr, native_pte_val(pteval));
194 pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr);
195 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
197 "PGD FIXMAP MISSING, it should be setup in head.S!\n");
200 pud_page = (pud_t*)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd);
201 set_pte_vaddr_pud(pud_page, vaddr, pteval);
205 * Create large page table mappings for a range of physical addresses.
207 static void __init __init_extra_mapping(unsigned long phys, unsigned long size,
214 BUG_ON((phys & ~PMD_MASK) || (size & ~PMD_MASK));
215 for (; size; phys += PMD_SIZE, size -= PMD_SIZE) {
216 pgd = pgd_offset_k((unsigned long)__va(phys));
217 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
218 pud = (pud_t *) spp_getpage();
219 set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(__pa(pud) | _KERNPG_TABLE |
222 pud = pud_offset(pgd, (unsigned long)__va(phys));
223 if (pud_none(*pud)) {
224 pmd = (pmd_t *) spp_getpage();
225 set_pud(pud, __pud(__pa(pmd) | _KERNPG_TABLE |
228 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, phys);
229 BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd));
230 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(phys | pgprot_val(prot)));
234 void __init init_extra_mapping_wb(unsigned long phys, unsigned long size)
236 __init_extra_mapping(phys, size, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE);
239 void __init init_extra_mapping_uc(unsigned long phys, unsigned long size)
241 __init_extra_mapping(phys, size, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_NOCACHE);
245 * The head.S code sets up the kernel high mapping:
247 * from __START_KERNEL_map to __START_KERNEL_map + size (== _end-_text)
249 * phys_addr holds the negative offset to the kernel, which is added
250 * to the compile time generated pmds. This results in invalid pmds up
251 * to the point where we hit the physaddr 0 mapping.
253 * We limit the mappings to the region from _text to _end. _end is
254 * rounded up to the 2MB boundary. This catches the invalid pmds as
255 * well, as they are located before _text:
257 void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
259 unsigned long vaddr = __START_KERNEL_map;
260 unsigned long end = round_up((unsigned long)_end, PMD_SIZE) - 1;
261 pmd_t *pmd = level2_kernel_pgt;
262 pmd_t *last_pmd = pmd + PTRS_PER_PMD;
264 for (; pmd < last_pmd; pmd++, vaddr += PMD_SIZE) {
267 if (vaddr < (unsigned long) _text || vaddr > end)
268 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0));
272 static unsigned long __initdata table_start;
273 static unsigned long __meminitdata table_end;
274 static unsigned long __meminitdata table_top;
276 static __meminit void *alloc_low_page(unsigned long *phys)
278 unsigned long pfn = table_end++;
282 adr = (void *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC);
288 if (pfn >= table_top)
289 panic("alloc_low_page: ran out of memory");
291 adr = early_ioremap(pfn * PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
292 memset(adr, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
293 *phys = pfn * PAGE_SIZE;
297 static __meminit void unmap_low_page(void *adr)
302 early_iounmap(adr, PAGE_SIZE);
305 static void __meminit
306 phys_pte_init(pte_t *pte_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
310 pte_t *pte = pte_page + pte_index(addr);
312 for(i = pte_index(addr); i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, pte++) {
315 if (!after_bootmem) {
316 for(; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pte++)
317 set_pte(pte, __pte(0));
326 printk(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n",
327 pte, addr, pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL).pte);
328 set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL));
331 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K, pages);
334 static void __meminit
335 phys_pte_update(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address, unsigned long end)
337 pte_t *pte = (pte_t *)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd);
339 phys_pte_init(pte, address, end);
342 static unsigned long __meminit
343 phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end,
344 unsigned long page_size_mask)
346 unsigned long pages = 0;
348 int i = pmd_index(address);
350 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, address += PMD_SIZE) {
351 unsigned long pte_phys;
352 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_page + pmd_index(address);
355 if (address >= end) {
356 if (!after_bootmem) {
357 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++)
358 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0));
364 if (!pmd_large(*pmd))
365 phys_pte_update(pmd, address, end);
369 if (page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M)) {
371 set_pte((pte_t *)pmd,
372 pfn_pte(address >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE));
376 pte = alloc_low_page(&pte_phys);
377 phys_pte_init(pte, address, end);
380 pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, __va(pte_phys));
382 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M, pages);
386 static unsigned long __meminit
387 phys_pmd_update(pud_t *pud, unsigned long address, unsigned long end,
388 unsigned long page_size_mask)
390 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
391 unsigned long last_map_addr;
393 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
394 last_map_addr = phys_pmd_init(pmd, address, end, page_size_mask);
395 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
397 return last_map_addr;
400 static unsigned long __meminit
401 phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
402 unsigned long page_size_mask)
404 unsigned long pages = 0;
405 unsigned long last_map_addr = end;
406 int i = pud_index(addr);
408 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, addr = (addr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE) {
409 unsigned long pmd_phys;
410 pud_t *pud = pud_page + pud_index(addr);
416 if (!after_bootmem &&
417 !e820_any_mapped(addr, addr+PUD_SIZE, 0)) {
418 set_pud(pud, __pud(0));
423 if (!pud_large(*pud))
424 last_map_addr = phys_pmd_update(pud, addr, end,
429 if (page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G)) {
431 set_pte((pte_t *)pud,
432 pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE));
433 last_map_addr = (addr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE;
437 pmd = alloc_low_page(&pmd_phys);
439 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
440 last_map_addr = phys_pmd_init(pmd, addr, end, page_size_mask);
442 pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, __va(pmd_phys));
443 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
447 update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G, pages);
449 return last_map_addr;
452 static unsigned long __meminit
453 phys_pud_update(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
454 unsigned long page_size_mask)
458 pud = (pud_t *)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd);
460 return phys_pud_init(pud, addr, end, page_size_mask);
463 static void __init find_early_table_space(unsigned long end)
465 unsigned long puds, tables, start;
467 puds = (end + PUD_SIZE - 1) >> PUD_SHIFT;
468 tables = round_up(puds * sizeof(pud_t), PAGE_SIZE);
469 if (!direct_gbpages) {
470 unsigned long pmds = (end + PMD_SIZE - 1) >> PMD_SHIFT;
471 tables += round_up(pmds * sizeof(pmd_t), PAGE_SIZE);
474 unsigned long ptes = (end + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
475 tables += round_up(ptes * sizeof(pte_t), PAGE_SIZE);
479 * RED-PEN putting page tables only on node 0 could
480 * cause a hotspot and fill up ZONE_DMA. The page tables
481 * need roughly 0.5KB per GB.
484 table_start = find_e820_area(start, end, tables, PAGE_SIZE);
485 if (table_start == -1UL)
486 panic("Cannot find space for the kernel page tables");
488 table_start >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
489 table_end = table_start;
490 table_top = table_start + (tables >> PAGE_SHIFT);
492 printk(KERN_DEBUG "kernel direct mapping tables up to %lx @ %lx-%lx\n",
493 end, table_start << PAGE_SHIFT, table_top << PAGE_SHIFT);
496 static void __init init_gbpages(void)
498 if (direct_gbpages && cpu_has_gbpages)
499 printk(KERN_INFO "Using GB pages for direct mapping\n");
504 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMTEST
506 static void __init memtest(unsigned long start_phys, unsigned long size,
510 unsigned long *start;
511 unsigned long start_bad;
512 unsigned long last_bad;
514 unsigned long start_phys_aligned;
526 val = 0x5555555555555555UL;
529 val = 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaUL;
535 incr = sizeof(unsigned long);
536 start_phys_aligned = ALIGN(start_phys, incr);
537 count = (size - (start_phys_aligned - start_phys))/incr;
538 start = __va(start_phys_aligned);
542 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
544 for (i = 0; i < count; i++, start++, start_phys_aligned += incr) {
546 if (start_phys_aligned == last_bad + incr) {
550 printk(KERN_CONT "\n %016lx bad mem addr %016lx - %016lx reserved",
551 val, start_bad, last_bad + incr);
552 reserve_early(start_bad, last_bad - start_bad, "BAD RAM");
554 start_bad = last_bad = start_phys_aligned;
559 printk(KERN_CONT "\n %016lx bad mem addr %016lx - %016lx reserved",
560 val, start_bad, last_bad + incr);
561 reserve_early(start_bad, last_bad - start_bad, "BAD RAM");
566 /* default is disabled */
567 static int memtest_pattern __initdata;
569 static int __init parse_memtest(char *arg)
572 memtest_pattern = simple_strtoul(arg, NULL, 0);
576 early_param("memtest", parse_memtest);
578 static void __init early_memtest(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
583 if (!memtest_pattern)
586 printk(KERN_INFO "early_memtest: pattern num %d", memtest_pattern);
587 for (pattern = 0; pattern < memtest_pattern; pattern++) {
590 while (t_start < end) {
591 t_start = find_e820_area_size(t_start, &t_size, 1);
596 if (t_start + t_size > end)
597 t_size = end - t_start;
599 printk(KERN_CONT "\n %016llx - %016llx pattern %d",
600 (unsigned long long)t_start,
601 (unsigned long long)t_start + t_size, pattern);
603 memtest(t_start, t_size, pattern);
608 printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
611 static void __init early_memtest(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
616 static unsigned long __init kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start,
618 unsigned long page_size_mask)
621 unsigned long next, last_map_addr = end;
623 start = (unsigned long)__va(start);
624 end = (unsigned long)__va(end);
626 for (; start < end; start = next) {
627 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(start);
628 unsigned long pud_phys;
631 next = start + PGDIR_SIZE;
636 last_map_addr = phys_pud_update(pgd, __pa(start),
637 __pa(end), page_size_mask);
642 pud = pud_offset(pgd, start & PGDIR_MASK);
644 pud = alloc_low_page(&pud_phys);
646 last_map_addr = phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(start), __pa(next),
649 pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd_offset_k(start),
653 return last_map_addr;
656 * Setup the direct mapping of the physical memory at PAGE_OFFSET.
657 * This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from
658 * the physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped.
660 unsigned long __init_refok init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start,
663 unsigned long last_map_addr;
664 unsigned long page_size_mask = 0;
666 printk(KERN_INFO "init_memory_mapping\n");
669 * Find space for the kernel direct mapping tables.
671 * Later we should allocate these tables in the local node of the
672 * memory mapped. Unfortunately this is done currently before the
673 * nodes are discovered.
675 if (!after_bootmem) {
677 find_early_table_space(end);
681 page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_1G;
683 page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_2M;
685 last_map_addr = kernel_physical_mapping_init(start, end,
689 mmu_cr4_features = read_cr4();
692 if (!after_bootmem && table_end > table_start)
693 reserve_early(table_start << PAGE_SHIFT,
694 table_end << PAGE_SHIFT, "PGTABLE");
696 printk(KERN_INFO "last_map_addr: %lx end: %lx\n",
700 early_memtest(start, end);
702 return last_map_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
706 void __init initmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
708 unsigned long bootmap_size, bootmap;
710 bootmap_size = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn)<<PAGE_SHIFT;
711 bootmap = find_e820_area(0, end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT, bootmap_size,
714 panic("Cannot find bootmem map of size %ld\n", bootmap_size);
715 /* don't touch min_low_pfn */
716 bootmap_size = init_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(0), bootmap >> PAGE_SHIFT,
718 e820_register_active_regions(0, start_pfn, end_pfn);
719 free_bootmem_with_active_regions(0, end_pfn);
720 early_res_to_bootmem(0, end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
721 reserve_bootmem(bootmap, bootmap_size, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
724 void __init paging_init(void)
726 unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES];
728 memset(max_zone_pfns, 0, sizeof(max_zone_pfns));
729 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA] = MAX_DMA_PFN;
730 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32] = MAX_DMA32_PFN;
731 max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL] = max_pfn;
733 memory_present(0, 0, max_pfn);
735 free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
740 * Memory hotplug specific functions
742 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
744 * Memory is added always to NORMAL zone. This means you will never get
745 * additional DMA/DMA32 memory.
747 int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
749 struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
750 struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_NORMAL;
751 unsigned long last_mapped_pfn, start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
752 unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
755 last_mapped_pfn = init_memory_mapping(start, start + size-1);
756 if (last_mapped_pfn > max_pfn_mapped)
757 max_pfn_mapped = last_mapped_pfn;
759 ret = __add_pages(zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
764 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_add_memory);
766 #if !defined(CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
767 int memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(u64 start)
771 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(memory_add_physaddr_to_nid);
774 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
777 * devmem_is_allowed() checks to see if /dev/mem access to a certain address
778 * is valid. The argument is a physical page number.
781 * On x86, access has to be given to the first megabyte of ram because that area
782 * contains bios code and data regions used by X and dosemu and similar apps.
783 * Access has to be given to non-kernel-ram areas as well, these contain the PCI
784 * mmio resources as well as potential bios/acpi data regions.
786 int devmem_is_allowed(unsigned long pagenr)
790 if (!page_is_ram(pagenr))
796 static struct kcore_list kcore_mem, kcore_vmalloc, kcore_kernel,
797 kcore_modules, kcore_vsyscall;
799 void __init mem_init(void)
801 long codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
805 /* clear_bss() already clear the empty_zero_page */
809 /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
811 totalram_pages = numa_free_all_bootmem();
813 totalram_pages = free_all_bootmem();
815 reservedpages = max_pfn - totalram_pages -
816 absent_pages_in_range(0, max_pfn);
819 codesize = (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
820 datasize = (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
821 initsize = (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
823 /* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
824 kclist_add(&kcore_mem, __va(0), max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
825 kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc, (void *)VMALLOC_START,
826 VMALLOC_END-VMALLOC_START);
827 kclist_add(&kcore_kernel, &_stext, _end - _stext);
828 kclist_add(&kcore_modules, (void *)MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_LEN);
829 kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall, (void *)VSYSCALL_START,
830 VSYSCALL_END - VSYSCALL_START);
832 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory: %luk/%luk available (%ldk kernel code, "
833 "%ldk reserved, %ldk data, %ldk init)\n",
834 (unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
835 max_pfn << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
837 reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
844 void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
846 unsigned long addr = begin;
852 * If debugging page accesses then do not free this memory but
853 * mark them not present - any buggy init-section access will
854 * create a kernel page fault:
856 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
857 printk(KERN_INFO "debug: unmapping init memory %08lx..%08lx\n",
858 begin, PAGE_ALIGN(end));
859 set_memory_np(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
861 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
863 for (; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
864 ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
865 init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
866 memset((void *)(addr & ~(PAGE_SIZE-1)),
867 POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
874 void free_initmem(void)
876 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
877 (unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
878 (unsigned long)(&__init_end));
881 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
882 const int rodata_test_data = 0xC3;
883 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rodata_test_data);
885 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
887 unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_stext), end = PFN_ALIGN(__end_rodata);
889 printk(KERN_INFO "Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
890 (end - start) >> 10);
891 set_memory_ro(start, (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
894 * The rodata section (but not the kernel text!) should also be
897 start = ((unsigned long)__start_rodata + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & PAGE_MASK;
898 set_memory_nx(start, (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
902 #ifdef CONFIG_CPA_DEBUG
903 printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: undo %lx-%lx\n", start, end);
904 set_memory_rw(start, (end-start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
906 printk(KERN_INFO "Testing CPA: again\n");
907 set_memory_ro(start, (end-start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
913 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
914 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
916 free_init_pages("initrd memory", start, end);
920 int __init reserve_bootmem_generic(unsigned long phys, unsigned long len,
927 unsigned long pfn = phys >> PAGE_SHIFT;
929 if (pfn >= max_pfn) {
931 * This can happen with kdump kernels when accessing
934 if (pfn < max_pfn_mapped)
937 printk(KERN_ERR "reserve_bootmem: illegal reserve %lx %lu\n",
942 /* Should check here against the e820 map to avoid double free */
944 nid = phys_to_nid(phys);
945 next_nid = phys_to_nid(phys + len - 1);
947 ret = reserve_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(nid), phys, len, flags);
949 ret = reserve_bootmem(phys, len, flags);
955 reserve_bootmem(phys, len, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
958 if (phys+len <= MAX_DMA_PFN*PAGE_SIZE) {
959 dma_reserve += len / PAGE_SIZE;
960 set_dma_reserve(dma_reserve);
966 int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr)
968 unsigned long above = ((long)addr) >> __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT;
974 if (above != 0 && above != -1UL)
977 pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
981 pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
985 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
990 return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd));
992 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
996 return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte));
1000 * A pseudo VMA to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page. This only
1001 * covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
1002 * not need special handling anymore:
1004 static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma = {
1005 .vm_start = VSYSCALL_START,
1006 .vm_end = VSYSCALL_START + (VSYSCALL_MAPPED_PAGES * PAGE_SIZE),
1007 .vm_page_prot = PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
1008 .vm_flags = VM_READ | VM_EXEC
1011 struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct task_struct *tsk)
1013 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
1014 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_IA32))
1020 int in_gate_area(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long addr)
1022 struct vm_area_struct *vma = get_gate_vma(task);
1027 return (addr >= vma->vm_start) && (addr < vma->vm_end);
1031 * Use this when you have no reliable task/vma, typically from interrupt
1032 * context. It is less reliable than using the task's vma and may give
1035 int in_gate_area_no_task(unsigned long addr)
1037 return (addr >= VSYSCALL_START) && (addr < VSYSCALL_END);
1040 const char *arch_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
1042 if (vma->vm_mm && vma->vm_start == (long)vma->vm_mm->context.vdso)
1044 if (vma == &gate_vma)
1045 return "[vsyscall]";
1049 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
1051 * Initialise the sparsemem vmemmap using huge-pages at the PMD level.
1053 static long __meminitdata addr_start, addr_end;
1054 static void __meminitdata *p_start, *p_end;
1055 static int __meminitdata node_start;
1058 vmemmap_populate(struct page *start_page, unsigned long size, int node)
1060 unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)start_page;
1061 unsigned long end = (unsigned long)(start_page + size);
1067 for (; addr < end; addr = next) {
1070 pgd = vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr, node);
1074 pud = vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd, addr, node);
1079 next = (addr + PAGE_SIZE) & PAGE_MASK;
1080 pmd = vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud, addr, node);
1085 p = vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd, addr, node);
1090 addr_end = addr + PAGE_SIZE;
1091 p_end = p + PAGE_SIZE;
1093 next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
1095 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
1096 if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
1099 p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PMD_SIZE, node);
1103 entry = pfn_pte(__pa(p) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
1105 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(pte_val(entry)));
1107 /* check to see if we have contiguous blocks */
1108 if (p_end != p || node_start != node) {
1110 printk(KERN_DEBUG " [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1111 addr_start, addr_end-1, p_start, p_end-1, node_start);
1117 addr_end = addr + PMD_SIZE;
1118 p_end = p + PMD_SIZE;
1120 vmemmap_verify((pte_t *)pmd, node, addr, next);
1127 void __meminit vmemmap_populate_print_last(void)
1130 printk(KERN_DEBUG " [%lx-%lx] PMD -> [%p-%p] on node %d\n",
1131 addr_start, addr_end-1, p_start, p_end-1, node_start);