dmatest: Simple DMA memcpy test client
[linux-2.6] / lib / radix-tree.c
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov
3  * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig
4  * Copyright (C) 2005 SGI, Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
5  * Copyright (C) 2006 Nick Piggin
6  *
7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
9  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
10  * your option) any later version.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
15  * General Public License for more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19  * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
20  */
21
22 #include <linux/errno.h>
23 #include <linux/init.h>
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/module.h>
26 #include <linux/radix-tree.h>
27 #include <linux/percpu.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/notifier.h>
30 #include <linux/cpu.h>
31 #include <linux/gfp.h>
32 #include <linux/string.h>
33 #include <linux/bitops.h>
34 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
35
36
37 #ifdef __KERNEL__
38 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT    (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 4 : 6)
39 #else
40 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT    3       /* For more stressful testing */
41 #endif
42
43 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE     (1UL << RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT)
44 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK     (RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE-1)
45
46 #define RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS    \
47         ((RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE + BITS_PER_LONG - 1) / BITS_PER_LONG)
48
49 struct radix_tree_node {
50         unsigned int    height;         /* Height from the bottom */
51         unsigned int    count;
52         struct rcu_head rcu_head;
53         void            *slots[RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE];
54         unsigned long   tags[RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS][RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS];
55 };
56
57 struct radix_tree_path {
58         struct radix_tree_node *node;
59         int offset;
60 };
61
62 #define RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS  (8 /* CHAR_BIT */ * sizeof(unsigned long))
63 #define RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH (DIV_ROUND_UP(RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS, \
64                                           RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
65
66 /*
67  * The height_to_maxindex array needs to be one deeper than the maximum
68  * path as height 0 holds only 1 entry.
69  */
70 static unsigned long height_to_maxindex[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1] __read_mostly;
71
72 /*
73  * Radix tree node cache.
74  */
75 static struct kmem_cache *radix_tree_node_cachep;
76
77 /*
78  * Per-cpu pool of preloaded nodes
79  */
80 struct radix_tree_preload {
81         int nr;
82         struct radix_tree_node *nodes[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH];
83 };
84 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct radix_tree_preload, radix_tree_preloads) = { 0, };
85
86 static inline gfp_t root_gfp_mask(struct radix_tree_root *root)
87 {
88         return root->gfp_mask & __GFP_BITS_MASK;
89 }
90
91 /*
92  * This assumes that the caller has performed appropriate preallocation, and
93  * that the caller has pinned this thread of control to the current CPU.
94  */
95 static struct radix_tree_node *
96 radix_tree_node_alloc(struct radix_tree_root *root)
97 {
98         struct radix_tree_node *ret = NULL;
99         gfp_t gfp_mask = root_gfp_mask(root);
100
101         if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT)) {
102                 struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
103
104                 /*
105                  * Provided the caller has preloaded here, we will always
106                  * succeed in getting a node here (and never reach
107                  * kmem_cache_alloc)
108                  */
109                 rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
110                 if (rtp->nr) {
111                         ret = rtp->nodes[rtp->nr - 1];
112                         rtp->nodes[rtp->nr - 1] = NULL;
113                         rtp->nr--;
114                 }
115         }
116         if (ret == NULL)
117                 ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
118
119         BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(ret));
120         return ret;
121 }
122
123 static void radix_tree_node_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
124 {
125         struct radix_tree_node *node =
126                         container_of(head, struct radix_tree_node, rcu_head);
127         kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
128 }
129
130 static inline void
131 radix_tree_node_free(struct radix_tree_node *node)
132 {
133         call_rcu(&node->rcu_head, radix_tree_node_rcu_free);
134 }
135
136 /*
137  * Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
138  * ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail.  On
139  * success, return zero, with preemption disabled.  On error, return -ENOMEM
140  * with preemption not disabled.
141  */
142 int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
143 {
144         struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
145         struct radix_tree_node *node;
146         int ret = -ENOMEM;
147
148         preempt_disable();
149         rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
150         while (rtp->nr < ARRAY_SIZE(rtp->nodes)) {
151                 preempt_enable();
152                 node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
153                 if (node == NULL)
154                         goto out;
155                 preempt_disable();
156                 rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
157                 if (rtp->nr < ARRAY_SIZE(rtp->nodes))
158                         rtp->nodes[rtp->nr++] = node;
159                 else
160                         kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
161         }
162         ret = 0;
163 out:
164         return ret;
165 }
166 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_preload);
167
168 static inline void tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
169                 int offset)
170 {
171         __set_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
172 }
173
174 static inline void tag_clear(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
175                 int offset)
176 {
177         __clear_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
178 }
179
180 static inline int tag_get(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
181                 int offset)
182 {
183         return test_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
184 }
185
186 static inline void root_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
187 {
188         root->gfp_mask |= (__force gfp_t)(1 << (tag + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT));
189 }
190
191
192 static inline void root_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
193 {
194         root->gfp_mask &= (__force gfp_t)~(1 << (tag + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT));
195 }
196
197 static inline void root_tag_clear_all(struct radix_tree_root *root)
198 {
199         root->gfp_mask &= __GFP_BITS_MASK;
200 }
201
202 static inline int root_tag_get(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
203 {
204         return (__force unsigned)root->gfp_mask & (1 << (tag + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT));
205 }
206
207 /*
208  * Returns 1 if any slot in the node has this tag set.
209  * Otherwise returns 0.
210  */
211 static inline int any_tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag)
212 {
213         int idx;
214         for (idx = 0; idx < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS; idx++) {
215                 if (node->tags[tag][idx])
216                         return 1;
217         }
218         return 0;
219 }
220
221 /*
222  *      Return the maximum key which can be store into a
223  *      radix tree with height HEIGHT.
224  */
225 static inline unsigned long radix_tree_maxindex(unsigned int height)
226 {
227         return height_to_maxindex[height];
228 }
229
230 /*
231  *      Extend a radix tree so it can store key @index.
232  */
233 static int radix_tree_extend(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
234 {
235         struct radix_tree_node *node;
236         unsigned int height;
237         int tag;
238
239         /* Figure out what the height should be.  */
240         height = root->height + 1;
241         while (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
242                 height++;
243
244         if (root->rnode == NULL) {
245                 root->height = height;
246                 goto out;
247         }
248
249         do {
250                 unsigned int newheight;
251                 if (!(node = radix_tree_node_alloc(root)))
252                         return -ENOMEM;
253
254                 /* Increase the height.  */
255                 node->slots[0] = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
256
257                 /* Propagate the aggregated tag info into the new root */
258                 for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
259                         if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
260                                 tag_set(node, tag, 0);
261                 }
262
263                 newheight = root->height+1;
264                 node->height = newheight;
265                 node->count = 1;
266                 node = radix_tree_ptr_to_indirect(node);
267                 rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, node);
268                 root->height = newheight;
269         } while (height > root->height);
270 out:
271         return 0;
272 }
273
274 /**
275  *      radix_tree_insert    -    insert into a radix tree
276  *      @root:          radix tree root
277  *      @index:         index key
278  *      @item:          item to insert
279  *
280  *      Insert an item into the radix tree at position @index.
281  */
282 int radix_tree_insert(struct radix_tree_root *root,
283                         unsigned long index, void *item)
284 {
285         struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL, *slot;
286         unsigned int height, shift;
287         int offset;
288         int error;
289
290         BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(item));
291
292         /* Make sure the tree is high enough.  */
293         if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(root->height)) {
294                 error = radix_tree_extend(root, index);
295                 if (error)
296                         return error;
297         }
298
299         slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
300
301         height = root->height;
302         shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
303
304         offset = 0;                     /* uninitialised var warning */
305         while (height > 0) {
306                 if (slot == NULL) {
307                         /* Have to add a child node.  */
308                         if (!(slot = radix_tree_node_alloc(root)))
309                                 return -ENOMEM;
310                         slot->height = height;
311                         if (node) {
312                                 rcu_assign_pointer(node->slots[offset], slot);
313                                 node->count++;
314                         } else
315                                 rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode,
316                                         radix_tree_ptr_to_indirect(slot));
317                 }
318
319                 /* Go a level down */
320                 offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
321                 node = slot;
322                 slot = node->slots[offset];
323                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
324                 height--;
325         }
326
327         if (slot != NULL)
328                 return -EEXIST;
329
330         if (node) {
331                 node->count++;
332                 rcu_assign_pointer(node->slots[offset], item);
333                 BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 0, offset));
334                 BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 1, offset));
335         } else {
336                 rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, item);
337                 BUG_ON(root_tag_get(root, 0));
338                 BUG_ON(root_tag_get(root, 1));
339         }
340
341         return 0;
342 }
343 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_insert);
344
345 /**
346  *      radix_tree_lookup_slot    -    lookup a slot in a radix tree
347  *      @root:          radix tree root
348  *      @index:         index key
349  *
350  *      Returns:  the slot corresponding to the position @index in the
351  *      radix tree @root. This is useful for update-if-exists operations.
352  *
353  *      This function cannot be called under rcu_read_lock, it must be
354  *      excluded from writers, as must the returned slot for subsequent
355  *      use by radix_tree_deref_slot() and radix_tree_replace slot.
356  *      Caller must hold tree write locked across slot lookup and
357  *      replace.
358  */
359 void **radix_tree_lookup_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
360 {
361         unsigned int height, shift;
362         struct radix_tree_node *node, **slot;
363
364         node = root->rnode;
365         if (node == NULL)
366                 return NULL;
367
368         if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node)) {
369                 if (index > 0)
370                         return NULL;
371                 return (void **)&root->rnode;
372         }
373         node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
374
375         height = node->height;
376         if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
377                 return NULL;
378
379         shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
380
381         do {
382                 slot = (struct radix_tree_node **)
383                         (node->slots + ((index>>shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK));
384                 node = *slot;
385                 if (node == NULL)
386                         return NULL;
387
388                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
389                 height--;
390         } while (height > 0);
391
392         return (void **)slot;
393 }
394 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup_slot);
395
396 /**
397  *      radix_tree_lookup    -    perform lookup operation on a radix tree
398  *      @root:          radix tree root
399  *      @index:         index key
400  *
401  *      Lookup the item at the position @index in the radix tree @root.
402  *
403  *      This function can be called under rcu_read_lock, however the caller
404  *      must manage lifetimes of leaf nodes (eg. RCU may also be used to free
405  *      them safely). No RCU barriers are required to access or modify the
406  *      returned item, however.
407  */
408 void *radix_tree_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
409 {
410         unsigned int height, shift;
411         struct radix_tree_node *node, **slot;
412
413         node = rcu_dereference(root->rnode);
414         if (node == NULL)
415                 return NULL;
416
417         if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node)) {
418                 if (index > 0)
419                         return NULL;
420                 return node;
421         }
422         node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
423
424         height = node->height;
425         if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
426                 return NULL;
427
428         shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
429
430         do {
431                 slot = (struct radix_tree_node **)
432                         (node->slots + ((index>>shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK));
433                 node = rcu_dereference(*slot);
434                 if (node == NULL)
435                         return NULL;
436
437                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
438                 height--;
439         } while (height > 0);
440
441         return node;
442 }
443 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup);
444
445 /**
446  *      radix_tree_tag_set - set a tag on a radix tree node
447  *      @root:          radix tree root
448  *      @index:         index key
449  *      @tag:           tag index
450  *
451  *      Set the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
452  *      corresponding to @index in the radix tree.  From
453  *      the root all the way down to the leaf node.
454  *
455  *      Returns the address of the tagged item.   Setting a tag on a not-present
456  *      item is a bug.
457  */
458 void *radix_tree_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
459                         unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
460 {
461         unsigned int height, shift;
462         struct radix_tree_node *slot;
463
464         height = root->height;
465         BUG_ON(index > radix_tree_maxindex(height));
466
467         slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
468         shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
469
470         while (height > 0) {
471                 int offset;
472
473                 offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
474                 if (!tag_get(slot, tag, offset))
475                         tag_set(slot, tag, offset);
476                 slot = slot->slots[offset];
477                 BUG_ON(slot == NULL);
478                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
479                 height--;
480         }
481
482         /* set the root's tag bit */
483         if (slot && !root_tag_get(root, tag))
484                 root_tag_set(root, tag);
485
486         return slot;
487 }
488 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_set);
489
490 /**
491  *      radix_tree_tag_clear - clear a tag on a radix tree node
492  *      @root:          radix tree root
493  *      @index:         index key
494  *      @tag:           tag index
495  *
496  *      Clear the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
497  *      corresponding to @index in the radix tree.  If
498  *      this causes the leaf node to have no tags set then clear the tag in the
499  *      next-to-leaf node, etc.
500  *
501  *      Returns the address of the tagged item on success, else NULL.  ie:
502  *      has the same return value and semantics as radix_tree_lookup().
503  */
504 void *radix_tree_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
505                         unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
506 {
507         /*
508          * The radix tree path needs to be one longer than the maximum path
509          * since the "list" is null terminated.
510          */
511         struct radix_tree_path path[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1], *pathp = path;
512         struct radix_tree_node *slot = NULL;
513         unsigned int height, shift;
514
515         height = root->height;
516         if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
517                 goto out;
518
519         shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
520         pathp->node = NULL;
521         slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
522
523         while (height > 0) {
524                 int offset;
525
526                 if (slot == NULL)
527                         goto out;
528
529                 offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
530                 pathp[1].offset = offset;
531                 pathp[1].node = slot;
532                 slot = slot->slots[offset];
533                 pathp++;
534                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
535                 height--;
536         }
537
538         if (slot == NULL)
539                 goto out;
540
541         while (pathp->node) {
542                 if (!tag_get(pathp->node, tag, pathp->offset))
543                         goto out;
544                 tag_clear(pathp->node, tag, pathp->offset);
545                 if (any_tag_set(pathp->node, tag))
546                         goto out;
547                 pathp--;
548         }
549
550         /* clear the root's tag bit */
551         if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
552                 root_tag_clear(root, tag);
553
554 out:
555         return slot;
556 }
557 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_clear);
558
559 #ifndef __KERNEL__      /* Only the test harness uses this at present */
560 /**
561  * radix_tree_tag_get - get a tag on a radix tree node
562  * @root:               radix tree root
563  * @index:              index key
564  * @tag:                tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
565  *
566  * Return values:
567  *
568  *  0: tag not present or not set
569  *  1: tag set
570  */
571 int radix_tree_tag_get(struct radix_tree_root *root,
572                         unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
573 {
574         unsigned int height, shift;
575         struct radix_tree_node *node;
576         int saw_unset_tag = 0;
577
578         /* check the root's tag bit */
579         if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
580                 return 0;
581
582         node = rcu_dereference(root->rnode);
583         if (node == NULL)
584                 return 0;
585
586         if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node))
587                 return (index == 0);
588         node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
589
590         height = node->height;
591         if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
592                 return 0;
593
594         shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
595
596         for ( ; ; ) {
597                 int offset;
598
599                 if (node == NULL)
600                         return 0;
601
602                 offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
603
604                 /*
605                  * This is just a debug check.  Later, we can bale as soon as
606                  * we see an unset tag.
607                  */
608                 if (!tag_get(node, tag, offset))
609                         saw_unset_tag = 1;
610                 if (height == 1) {
611                         int ret = tag_get(node, tag, offset);
612
613                         BUG_ON(ret && saw_unset_tag);
614                         return !!ret;
615                 }
616                 node = rcu_dereference(node->slots[offset]);
617                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
618                 height--;
619         }
620 }
621 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_get);
622 #endif
623
624 /**
625  *      radix_tree_next_hole    -    find the next hole (not-present entry)
626  *      @root:          tree root
627  *      @index:         index key
628  *      @max_scan:      maximum range to search
629  *
630  *      Search the set [index, min(index+max_scan-1, MAX_INDEX)] for the lowest
631  *      indexed hole.
632  *
633  *      Returns: the index of the hole if found, otherwise returns an index
634  *      outside of the set specified (in which case 'return - index >= max_scan'
635  *      will be true).
636  *
637  *      radix_tree_next_hole may be called under rcu_read_lock. However, like
638  *      radix_tree_gang_lookup, this will not atomically search a snapshot of the
639  *      tree at a single point in time. For example, if a hole is created at index
640  *      5, then subsequently a hole is created at index 10, radix_tree_next_hole
641  *      covering both indexes may return 10 if called under rcu_read_lock.
642  */
643 unsigned long radix_tree_next_hole(struct radix_tree_root *root,
644                                 unsigned long index, unsigned long max_scan)
645 {
646         unsigned long i;
647
648         for (i = 0; i < max_scan; i++) {
649                 if (!radix_tree_lookup(root, index))
650                         break;
651                 index++;
652                 if (index == 0)
653                         break;
654         }
655
656         return index;
657 }
658 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_next_hole);
659
660 static unsigned int
661 __lookup(struct radix_tree_node *slot, void **results, unsigned long index,
662         unsigned int max_items, unsigned long *next_index)
663 {
664         unsigned int nr_found = 0;
665         unsigned int shift, height;
666         unsigned long i;
667
668         height = slot->height;
669         if (height == 0)
670                 goto out;
671         shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
672
673         for ( ; height > 1; height--) {
674                 i = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
675                 for (;;) {
676                         if (slot->slots[i] != NULL)
677                                 break;
678                         index &= ~((1UL << shift) - 1);
679                         index += 1UL << shift;
680                         if (index == 0)
681                                 goto out;       /* 32-bit wraparound */
682                         i++;
683                         if (i == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
684                                 goto out;
685                 }
686
687                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
688                 slot = rcu_dereference(slot->slots[i]);
689                 if (slot == NULL)
690                         goto out;
691         }
692
693         /* Bottom level: grab some items */
694         for (i = index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK; i < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE; i++) {
695                 struct radix_tree_node *node;
696                 index++;
697                 node = slot->slots[i];
698                 if (node) {
699                         results[nr_found++] = rcu_dereference(node);
700                         if (nr_found == max_items)
701                                 goto out;
702                 }
703         }
704 out:
705         *next_index = index;
706         return nr_found;
707 }
708
709 /**
710  *      radix_tree_gang_lookup - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
711  *      @root:          radix tree root
712  *      @results:       where the results of the lookup are placed
713  *      @first_index:   start the lookup from this key
714  *      @max_items:     place up to this many items at *results
715  *
716  *      Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items.  Places
717  *      them at *@results and returns the number of items which were placed at
718  *      *@results.
719  *
720  *      The implementation is naive.
721  *
722  *      Like radix_tree_lookup, radix_tree_gang_lookup may be called under
723  *      rcu_read_lock. In this case, rather than the returned results being
724  *      an atomic snapshot of the tree at a single point in time, the semantics
725  *      of an RCU protected gang lookup are as though multiple radix_tree_lookups
726  *      have been issued in individual locks, and results stored in 'results'.
727  */
728 unsigned int
729 radix_tree_gang_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
730                         unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items)
731 {
732         unsigned long max_index;
733         struct radix_tree_node *node;
734         unsigned long cur_index = first_index;
735         unsigned int ret;
736
737         node = rcu_dereference(root->rnode);
738         if (!node)
739                 return 0;
740
741         if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node)) {
742                 if (first_index > 0)
743                         return 0;
744                 results[0] = node;
745                 return 1;
746         }
747         node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
748
749         max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->height);
750
751         ret = 0;
752         while (ret < max_items) {
753                 unsigned int nr_found;
754                 unsigned long next_index;       /* Index of next search */
755
756                 if (cur_index > max_index)
757                         break;
758                 nr_found = __lookup(node, results + ret, cur_index,
759                                         max_items - ret, &next_index);
760                 ret += nr_found;
761                 if (next_index == 0)
762                         break;
763                 cur_index = next_index;
764         }
765
766         return ret;
767 }
768 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup);
769
770 /*
771  * FIXME: the two tag_get()s here should use find_next_bit() instead of
772  * open-coding the search.
773  */
774 static unsigned int
775 __lookup_tag(struct radix_tree_node *slot, void **results, unsigned long index,
776         unsigned int max_items, unsigned long *next_index, unsigned int tag)
777 {
778         unsigned int nr_found = 0;
779         unsigned int shift, height;
780
781         height = slot->height;
782         if (height == 0)
783                 goto out;
784         shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
785
786         while (height > 0) {
787                 unsigned long i = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK ;
788
789                 for (;;) {
790                         if (tag_get(slot, tag, i))
791                                 break;
792                         index &= ~((1UL << shift) - 1);
793                         index += 1UL << shift;
794                         if (index == 0)
795                                 goto out;       /* 32-bit wraparound */
796                         i++;
797                         if (i == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
798                                 goto out;
799                 }
800                 height--;
801                 if (height == 0) {      /* Bottom level: grab some items */
802                         unsigned long j = index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
803
804                         for ( ; j < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE; j++) {
805                                 struct radix_tree_node *node;
806                                 index++;
807                                 if (!tag_get(slot, tag, j))
808                                         continue;
809                                 node = slot->slots[j];
810                                 /*
811                                  * Even though the tag was found set, we need to
812                                  * recheck that we have a non-NULL node, because
813                                  * if this lookup is lockless, it may have been
814                                  * subsequently deleted.
815                                  *
816                                  * Similar care must be taken in any place that
817                                  * lookup ->slots[x] without a lock (ie. can't
818                                  * rely on its value remaining the same).
819                                  */
820                                 if (node) {
821                                         node = rcu_dereference(node);
822                                         results[nr_found++] = node;
823                                         if (nr_found == max_items)
824                                                 goto out;
825                                 }
826                         }
827                 }
828                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
829                 slot = rcu_dereference(slot->slots[i]);
830                 if (slot == NULL)
831                         break;
832         }
833 out:
834         *next_index = index;
835         return nr_found;
836 }
837
838 /**
839  *      radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
840  *                                   based on a tag
841  *      @root:          radix tree root
842  *      @results:       where the results of the lookup are placed
843  *      @first_index:   start the lookup from this key
844  *      @max_items:     place up to this many items at *results
845  *      @tag:           the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
846  *
847  *      Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
848  *      have the tag indexed by @tag set.  Places the items at *@results and
849  *      returns the number of items which were placed at *@results.
850  */
851 unsigned int
852 radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag(struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
853                 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
854                 unsigned int tag)
855 {
856         struct radix_tree_node *node;
857         unsigned long max_index;
858         unsigned long cur_index = first_index;
859         unsigned int ret;
860
861         /* check the root's tag bit */
862         if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
863                 return 0;
864
865         node = rcu_dereference(root->rnode);
866         if (!node)
867                 return 0;
868
869         if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node)) {
870                 if (first_index > 0)
871                         return 0;
872                 results[0] = node;
873                 return 1;
874         }
875         node = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(node);
876
877         max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->height);
878
879         ret = 0;
880         while (ret < max_items) {
881                 unsigned int nr_found;
882                 unsigned long next_index;       /* Index of next search */
883
884                 if (cur_index > max_index)
885                         break;
886                 nr_found = __lookup_tag(node, results + ret, cur_index,
887                                         max_items - ret, &next_index, tag);
888                 ret += nr_found;
889                 if (next_index == 0)
890                         break;
891                 cur_index = next_index;
892         }
893
894         return ret;
895 }
896 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag);
897
898 /**
899  *      radix_tree_shrink    -    shrink height of a radix tree to minimal
900  *      @root           radix tree root
901  */
902 static inline void radix_tree_shrink(struct radix_tree_root *root)
903 {
904         /* try to shrink tree height */
905         while (root->height > 0) {
906                 struct radix_tree_node *to_free = root->rnode;
907                 void *newptr;
908
909                 BUG_ON(!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(to_free));
910                 to_free = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(to_free);
911
912                 /*
913                  * The candidate node has more than one child, or its child
914                  * is not at the leftmost slot, we cannot shrink.
915                  */
916                 if (to_free->count != 1)
917                         break;
918                 if (!to_free->slots[0])
919                         break;
920
921                 /*
922                  * We don't need rcu_assign_pointer(), since we are simply
923                  * moving the node from one part of the tree to another. If
924                  * it was safe to dereference the old pointer to it
925                  * (to_free->slots[0]), it will be safe to dereference the new
926                  * one (root->rnode).
927                  */
928                 newptr = to_free->slots[0];
929                 if (root->height > 1)
930                         newptr = radix_tree_ptr_to_indirect(newptr);
931                 root->rnode = newptr;
932                 root->height--;
933                 /* must only free zeroed nodes into the slab */
934                 tag_clear(to_free, 0, 0);
935                 tag_clear(to_free, 1, 0);
936                 to_free->slots[0] = NULL;
937                 to_free->count = 0;
938                 radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
939         }
940 }
941
942 /**
943  *      radix_tree_delete    -    delete an item from a radix tree
944  *      @root:          radix tree root
945  *      @index:         index key
946  *
947  *      Remove the item at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
948  *
949  *      Returns the address of the deleted item, or NULL if it was not present.
950  */
951 void *radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
952 {
953         /*
954          * The radix tree path needs to be one longer than the maximum path
955          * since the "list" is null terminated.
956          */
957         struct radix_tree_path path[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1], *pathp = path;
958         struct radix_tree_node *slot = NULL;
959         struct radix_tree_node *to_free;
960         unsigned int height, shift;
961         int tag;
962         int offset;
963
964         height = root->height;
965         if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
966                 goto out;
967
968         slot = root->rnode;
969         if (height == 0) {
970                 root_tag_clear_all(root);
971                 root->rnode = NULL;
972                 goto out;
973         }
974         slot = radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(slot);
975
976         shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
977         pathp->node = NULL;
978
979         do {
980                 if (slot == NULL)
981                         goto out;
982
983                 pathp++;
984                 offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
985                 pathp->offset = offset;
986                 pathp->node = slot;
987                 slot = slot->slots[offset];
988                 shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
989                 height--;
990         } while (height > 0);
991
992         if (slot == NULL)
993                 goto out;
994
995         /*
996          * Clear all tags associated with the just-deleted item
997          */
998         for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
999                 if (tag_get(pathp->node, tag, pathp->offset))
1000                         radix_tree_tag_clear(root, index, tag);
1001         }
1002
1003         to_free = NULL;
1004         /* Now free the nodes we do not need anymore */
1005         while (pathp->node) {
1006                 pathp->node->slots[pathp->offset] = NULL;
1007                 pathp->node->count--;
1008                 /*
1009                  * Queue the node for deferred freeing after the
1010                  * last reference to it disappears (set NULL, above).
1011                  */
1012                 if (to_free)
1013                         radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
1014
1015                 if (pathp->node->count) {
1016                         if (pathp->node ==
1017                                         radix_tree_indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode))
1018                                 radix_tree_shrink(root);
1019                         goto out;
1020                 }
1021
1022                 /* Node with zero slots in use so free it */
1023                 to_free = pathp->node;
1024                 pathp--;
1025
1026         }
1027         root_tag_clear_all(root);
1028         root->height = 0;
1029         root->rnode = NULL;
1030         if (to_free)
1031                 radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
1032
1033 out:
1034         return slot;
1035 }
1036 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete);
1037
1038 /**
1039  *      radix_tree_tagged - test whether any items in the tree are tagged
1040  *      @root:          radix tree root
1041  *      @tag:           tag to test
1042  */
1043 int radix_tree_tagged(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
1044 {
1045         return root_tag_get(root, tag);
1046 }
1047 EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tagged);
1048
1049 static void
1050 radix_tree_node_ctor(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *node)
1051 {
1052         memset(node, 0, sizeof(struct radix_tree_node));
1053 }
1054
1055 static __init unsigned long __maxindex(unsigned int height)
1056 {
1057         unsigned int width = height * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
1058         int shift = RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS - width;
1059
1060         if (shift < 0)
1061                 return ~0UL;
1062         if (shift >= BITS_PER_LONG)
1063                 return 0UL;
1064         return ~0UL >> shift;
1065 }
1066
1067 static __init void radix_tree_init_maxindex(void)
1068 {
1069         unsigned int i;
1070
1071         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(height_to_maxindex); i++)
1072                 height_to_maxindex[i] = __maxindex(i);
1073 }
1074
1075 static int radix_tree_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
1076                             unsigned long action,
1077                             void *hcpu)
1078 {
1079        int cpu = (long)hcpu;
1080        struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
1081
1082        /* Free per-cpu pool of perloaded nodes */
1083        if (action == CPU_DEAD || action == CPU_DEAD_FROZEN) {
1084                rtp = &per_cpu(radix_tree_preloads, cpu);
1085                while (rtp->nr) {
1086                        kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep,
1087                                        rtp->nodes[rtp->nr-1]);
1088                        rtp->nodes[rtp->nr-1] = NULL;
1089                        rtp->nr--;
1090                }
1091        }
1092        return NOTIFY_OK;
1093 }
1094
1095 void __init radix_tree_init(void)
1096 {
1097         radix_tree_node_cachep = kmem_cache_create("radix_tree_node",
1098                         sizeof(struct radix_tree_node), 0,
1099                         SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,
1100                         radix_tree_node_ctor);
1101         radix_tree_init_maxindex();
1102         hotcpu_notifier(radix_tree_callback, 0);
1103 }