4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 #include <linux/init.h>
9 #include <linux/slab.h>
10 #include <linux/string.h>
12 #include <linux/major.h>
13 #include <linux/errno.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
16 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/kobject.h>
19 #include <linux/kobj_map.h>
20 #include <linux/cdev.h>
21 #include <linux/mutex.h>
22 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
25 #include <linux/kmod.h>
30 * capabilities for /dev/mem, /dev/kmem and similar directly mappable character
32 * - permits shared-mmap for read, write and/or exec
33 * - does not permit private mmap in NOMMU mode (can't do COW)
34 * - no readahead or I/O queue unplugging required
36 struct backing_dev_info directly_mappable_cdev_bdi = {
39 /* permit private copies of the data to be taken */
42 /* permit direct mmap, for read, write or exec */
44 BDI_CAP_READ_MAP | BDI_CAP_WRITE_MAP | BDI_CAP_EXEC_MAP),
47 static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
49 static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
51 static struct char_device_struct {
52 struct char_device_struct *next;
54 unsigned int baseminor;
57 struct file_operations *fops;
58 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
59 } *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
61 /* index in the above */
62 static inline int major_to_index(int major)
64 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
69 void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
71 struct char_device_struct *cd;
73 if (offset < CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
74 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
75 for (cd = chrdevs[offset]; cd; cd = cd->next)
76 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
77 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
81 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
84 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
86 * If major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
89 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the passed range of
90 * minors and will return zero on success.
92 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
94 static struct char_device_struct *
95 __register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
96 int minorct, const char *name)
98 struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
102 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
104 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
106 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
110 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > 0; i--) {
111 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
124 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
125 cd->minorct = minorct;
126 strncpy(cd->name,name, 64);
128 i = major_to_index(major);
130 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
131 if ((*cp)->major > major ||
132 ((*cp)->major == major &&
133 (((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||
134 ((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
137 /* Check for overlapping minor ranges. */
138 if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
139 int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
140 int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
141 int new_min = baseminor;
142 int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
144 /* New driver overlaps from the left. */
145 if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
150 /* New driver overlaps from the right. */
151 if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
159 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
162 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
167 static struct char_device_struct *
168 __unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
170 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
171 int i = major_to_index(major);
173 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
174 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
175 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
176 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
177 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
183 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
188 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
189 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
191 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
192 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
194 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
196 int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
198 struct char_device_struct *cd;
199 dev_t to = from + count;
202 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
203 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
206 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
214 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
215 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
216 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
222 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
223 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
224 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
225 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
226 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
228 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
229 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
230 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
232 int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
235 struct char_device_struct *cd;
236 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
239 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
244 * register_chrdev() - Register a major number for character devices.
245 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
246 * @name: name of this range of devices
247 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
249 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
252 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
253 * major number and will return zero on success.
255 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
257 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
258 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
259 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
260 * of the module here.
262 * This function registers a range of 256 minor numbers. The first minor number
265 int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name,
266 const struct file_operations *fops)
268 struct char_device_struct *cd;
273 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, 0, 256, name);
281 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
283 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
284 for (s = strchr(kobject_name(&cdev->kobj),'/'); s; s = strchr(s, '/'))
287 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, 0), 256);
293 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
295 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
297 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, 0, 256));
302 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
303 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
304 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
306 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
307 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
308 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
310 void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
312 dev_t to = from + count;
315 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
316 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
319 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
323 int unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
325 struct char_device_struct *cd;
326 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, 0, 256);
333 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
335 static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
337 struct module *owner = p->owner;
338 struct kobject *kobj;
340 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
342 kobj = kobject_get(&p->kobj);
348 void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
351 struct module *owner = p->owner;
352 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
358 * Called every time a character special file is opened
360 int chrdev_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
363 struct cdev *new = NULL;
366 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
369 struct kobject *kobj;
371 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
372 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
375 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
376 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
379 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
380 inode->i_cindex = idx;
381 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
383 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
385 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
387 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
391 filp->f_op = fops_get(p->ops);
396 if (filp->f_op->open) {
398 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode,filp);
406 void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
408 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
409 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
410 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
411 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
414 static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
416 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
417 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
419 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
420 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
421 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
423 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
427 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
428 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
429 * depending on the special file...
431 const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
435 static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
437 struct cdev *p = data;
441 static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
443 struct cdev *p = data;
444 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
448 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
449 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
450 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
451 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
454 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
455 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
457 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
461 return kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL, exact_match, exact_lock, p);
464 static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
466 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
470 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
471 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
473 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
476 void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
478 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
479 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
483 static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
485 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
489 static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
491 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
496 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
497 .release = cdev_default_release,
500 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
501 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
505 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
507 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
509 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
511 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
513 p->kobj.ktype = &ktype_cdev_dynamic;
514 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
515 kobject_init(&p->kobj);
521 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
522 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
523 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
525 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
526 * system with cdev_add().
528 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
530 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
531 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
532 cdev->kobj.ktype = &ktype_cdev_default;
533 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj);
537 static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
539 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
540 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
541 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
545 void __init chrdev_init(void)
547 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
551 /* Let modules do char dev stuff */
552 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
553 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
554 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
555 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
556 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
557 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
558 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
559 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev);
560 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev);
561 EXPORT_SYMBOL(directly_mappable_cdev_bdi);