2 * This file is part of UBIFS.
4 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
16 * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
17 * Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
19 * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
24 * This file describes UBIFS on-flash format and contains definitions of all the
25 * relevant data structures and constants.
27 * All UBIFS on-flash objects are stored in the form of nodes. All nodes start
28 * with the UBIFS node magic number and have the same common header. Nodes
29 * always sit at 8-byte aligned positions on the media and node header sizes are
30 * also 8-byte aligned (except for the indexing node and the padding node).
33 #ifndef __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__
34 #define __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__
36 /* UBIFS node magic number (must not have the padding byte first or last) */
37 #define UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC 0x06101831
39 /* UBIFS on-flash format version */
40 #define UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION 4
42 /* Minimum logical eraseblock size in bytes */
43 #define UBIFS_MIN_LEB_SZ (15*1024)
45 /* Initial CRC32 value used when calculating CRC checksums */
46 #define UBIFS_CRC32_INIT 0xFFFFFFFFU
49 * UBIFS does not try to compress data if its length is less than the below
52 #define UBIFS_MIN_COMPR_LEN 128
54 /* Root inode number */
55 #define UBIFS_ROOT_INO 1
57 /* Lowest inode number used for regular inodes (not UBIFS-only internal ones) */
58 #define UBIFS_FIRST_INO 64
61 * Maximum file name and extended attribute length (must be a multiple of 8,
64 #define UBIFS_MAX_NLEN 255
66 /* Maximum number of data journal heads */
67 #define UBIFS_MAX_JHEADS 1
70 * Size of UBIFS data block. Note, UBIFS is not a block oriented file-system,
71 * which means that it does not treat the underlying media as consisting of
72 * blocks like in case of hard drives. Do not be confused. UBIFS block is just
73 * the maximum amount of data which one data node can have or which can be
74 * attached to an inode node.
76 #define UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE 4096
77 #define UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT 12
79 /* UBIFS padding byte pattern (must not be first or last byte of node magic) */
80 #define UBIFS_PADDING_BYTE 0xCE
82 /* Maximum possible key length */
83 #define UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN 16
85 /* Key length ("simple" format) */
86 #define UBIFS_SK_LEN 8
88 /* Minimum index tree fanout */
89 #define UBIFS_MIN_FANOUT 3
91 /* Maximum number of levels in UBIFS indexing B-tree */
92 #define UBIFS_MAX_LEVELS 512
94 /* Maximum amount of data attached to an inode in bytes */
95 #define UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE
97 /* LEB Properties Tree fanout (must be power of 2) and fanout shift */
98 #define UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT 4
99 #define UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT 2
101 /* LEB Properties Tree bit field sizes */
102 #define UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS 16
103 #define UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES 2
104 #define UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS 4
106 /* The key is always at the same position in all keyed nodes */
107 #define UBIFS_KEY_OFFSET offsetof(struct ubifs_ino_node, key)
110 * LEB Properties Tree node types.
112 * UBIFS_LPT_PNODE: LPT leaf node (contains LEB properties)
113 * UBIFS_LPT_NNODE: LPT internal node
114 * UBIFS_LPT_LTAB: LPT's own lprops table
115 * UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE: LPT's save table (big model only)
116 * UBIFS_LPT_NODE_CNT: count of LPT node types
117 * UBIFS_LPT_NOT_A_NODE: all ones (15 for 4 bits) is never a valid node type
125 UBIFS_LPT_NOT_A_NODE = (1 << UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS) - 1,
131 * UBIFS_ITYPE_REG: regular file
132 * UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR: directory
133 * UBIFS_ITYPE_LNK: soft link
134 * UBIFS_ITYPE_BLK: block device node
135 * UBIFS_ITYPE_CHR: character device node
136 * UBIFS_ITYPE_FIFO: fifo
137 * UBIFS_ITYPE_SOCK: socket
138 * UBIFS_ITYPES_CNT: count of supported file types
152 * Supported key hash functions.
154 * UBIFS_KEY_HASH_R5: R5 hash
155 * UBIFS_KEY_HASH_TEST: test hash which just returns first 4 bytes of the name
163 * Supported key formats.
165 * UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT: simple key format
168 UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT,
172 * The simple key format uses 29 bits for storing UBIFS block number and hash
175 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_BITS 29
176 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_MASK 0x1FFFFFFF
177 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_BITS UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_BITS
178 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_MASK UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_MASK
183 * UBIFS_INO_KEY: inode node key
184 * UBIFS_DATA_KEY: data node key
185 * UBIFS_DENT_KEY: directory entry node key
186 * UBIFS_XENT_KEY: extended attribute entry key
187 * UBIFS_KEY_TYPES_CNT: number of supported key types
197 /* Count of LEBs reserved for the superblock area */
198 #define UBIFS_SB_LEBS 1
199 /* Count of LEBs reserved for the master area */
200 #define UBIFS_MST_LEBS 2
202 /* First LEB of the superblock area */
203 #define UBIFS_SB_LNUM 0
204 /* First LEB of the master area */
205 #define UBIFS_MST_LNUM (UBIFS_SB_LNUM + UBIFS_SB_LEBS)
206 /* First LEB of the log area */
207 #define UBIFS_LOG_LNUM (UBIFS_MST_LNUM + UBIFS_MST_LEBS)
210 * The below constants define the absolute minimum values for various UBIFS
211 * media areas. Many of them actually depend of flash geometry and the FS
212 * configuration (number of journal heads, orphan LEBs, etc). This means that
213 * the smallest volume size which can be used for UBIFS cannot be pre-defined
214 * by these constants. The file-system that meets the below limitation will not
215 * necessarily mount. UBIFS does run-time calculations and validates the FS
219 /* Minimum number of logical eraseblocks in the log */
220 #define UBIFS_MIN_LOG_LEBS 2
221 /* Minimum number of bud logical eraseblocks (one for each head) */
222 #define UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS 3
223 /* Minimum number of journal logical eraseblocks */
224 #define UBIFS_MIN_JNL_LEBS (UBIFS_MIN_LOG_LEBS + UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS)
225 /* Minimum number of LPT area logical eraseblocks */
226 #define UBIFS_MIN_LPT_LEBS 2
227 /* Minimum number of orphan area logical eraseblocks */
228 #define UBIFS_MIN_ORPH_LEBS 1
230 * Minimum number of main area logical eraseblocks (buds, 3 for the index, 1
231 * for GC, 1 for deletions, and at least 1 for committed data).
233 #define UBIFS_MIN_MAIN_LEBS (UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS + 6)
235 /* Minimum number of logical eraseblocks */
236 #define UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT (UBIFS_SB_LEBS + UBIFS_MST_LEBS + \
237 UBIFS_MIN_LOG_LEBS + UBIFS_MIN_LPT_LEBS + \
238 UBIFS_MIN_ORPH_LEBS + UBIFS_MIN_MAIN_LEBS)
240 /* Node sizes (N.B. these are guaranteed to be multiples of 8) */
241 #define UBIFS_CH_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_ch)
242 #define UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_ino_node)
243 #define UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_data_node)
244 #define UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_dent_node)
245 #define UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_trun_node)
246 #define UBIFS_PAD_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_pad_node)
247 #define UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_sb_node)
248 #define UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_mst_node)
249 #define UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_ref_node)
250 #define UBIFS_IDX_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_idx_node)
251 #define UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_cs_node)
252 #define UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_orph_node)
253 /* Extended attribute entry nodes are identical to directory entry nodes */
254 #define UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ
255 /* Only this does not have to be multiple of 8 bytes */
256 #define UBIFS_BRANCH_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_branch)
258 /* Maximum node sizes (N.B. these are guaranteed to be multiples of 8) */
259 #define UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ (UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE)
260 #define UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ (UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA)
261 #define UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ (UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_MAX_NLEN + 1)
262 #define UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ
264 /* The largest UBIFS node */
265 #define UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ
268 * On-flash inode flags.
270 * UBIFS_COMPR_FL: use compression for this inode
271 * UBIFS_SYNC_FL: I/O on this inode has to be synchronous
272 * UBIFS_IMMUTABLE_FL: inode is immutable
273 * UBIFS_APPEND_FL: writes to the inode may only append data
274 * UBIFS_DIRSYNC_FL: I/O on this directory inode has to be synchronous
275 * UBIFS_XATTR_FL: this inode is the inode for an extended attribute value
277 * Note, these are on-flash flags which correspond to ioctl flags
278 * (@FS_COMPR_FL, etc). They have the same values now, but generally, do not
279 * have to be the same.
282 UBIFS_COMPR_FL = 0x01,
283 UBIFS_SYNC_FL = 0x02,
284 UBIFS_IMMUTABLE_FL = 0x04,
285 UBIFS_APPEND_FL = 0x08,
286 UBIFS_DIRSYNC_FL = 0x10,
287 UBIFS_XATTR_FL = 0x20,
290 /* Inode flag bits used by UBIFS */
291 #define UBIFS_FL_MASK 0x0000001F
294 * UBIFS compression algorithms.
296 * UBIFS_COMPR_NONE: no compression
297 * UBIFS_COMPR_LZO: LZO compression
298 * UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB: ZLIB compression
299 * UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT: count of supported compression types
305 UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT,
311 * UBIFS_INO_NODE: inode node
312 * UBIFS_DATA_NODE: data node
313 * UBIFS_DENT_NODE: directory entry node
314 * UBIFS_XENT_NODE: extended attribute node
315 * UBIFS_TRUN_NODE: truncation node
316 * UBIFS_PAD_NODE: padding node
317 * UBIFS_SB_NODE: superblock node
318 * UBIFS_MST_NODE: master node
319 * UBIFS_REF_NODE: LEB reference node
320 * UBIFS_IDX_NODE: index node
321 * UBIFS_CS_NODE: commit start node
322 * UBIFS_ORPH_NODE: orphan node
323 * UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT: count of supported node types
325 * Note, we index arrays by these numbers, so keep them low and contiguous.
326 * Node type constants for inodes, direntries and so on have to be the same as
327 * corresponding key type constants.
342 UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT,
348 * UBIFS_MST_DIRTY: rebooted uncleanly - master node is dirty
349 * UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS: no orphan inodes present
350 * UBIFS_MST_RCVRY: written by recovery
354 UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS = 2,
359 * Node group type (used by recovery to recover whole group or none).
361 * UBIFS_NO_NODE_GROUP: this node is not part of a group
362 * UBIFS_IN_NODE_GROUP: this node is a part of a group
363 * UBIFS_LAST_OF_NODE_GROUP: this node is the last in a group
366 UBIFS_NO_NODE_GROUP = 0,
368 UBIFS_LAST_OF_NODE_GROUP,
374 * UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT: if "big" LPT model is used if set
377 UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT = 0x02,
381 * struct ubifs_ch - common header node.
382 * @magic: UBIFS node magic number (%UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC)
383 * @crc: CRC-32 checksum of the node header
384 * @sqnum: sequence number
385 * @len: full node length
386 * @node_type: node type
387 * @group_type: node group type
388 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
390 * Every UBIFS node starts with this common part. If the node has a key, the
391 * key always goes next.
401 } __attribute__ ((packed));
404 * union ubifs_dev_desc - device node descriptor.
405 * @new: new type device descriptor
406 * @huge: huge type device descriptor
408 * This data structure describes major/minor numbers of a device node. In an
409 * inode is a device node then its data contains an object of this type. UBIFS
410 * uses standard Linux "new" and "huge" device node encodings.
412 union ubifs_dev_desc {
415 } __attribute__ ((packed));
418 * struct ubifs_ino_node - inode node.
421 * @creat_sqnum: sequence number at time of creation
422 * @size: inode size in bytes (amount of uncompressed data)
423 * @atime_sec: access time seconds
424 * @ctime_sec: creation time seconds
425 * @mtime_sec: modification time seconds
426 * @atime_nsec: access time nanoseconds
427 * @ctime_nsec: creation time nanoseconds
428 * @mtime_nsec: modification time nanoseconds
429 * @nlink: number of hard links
432 * @mode: access flags
433 * @flags: per-inode flags (%UBIFS_COMPR_FL, %UBIFS_SYNC_FL, etc)
434 * @data_len: inode data length
435 * @xattr_cnt: count of extended attributes this inode has
436 * @xattr_size: summarized size of all extended attributes in bytes
437 * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes
438 * @xattr_names: sum of lengths of all extended attribute names belonging to
440 * @compr_type: compression type used for this inode
441 * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes
442 * @data: data attached to the inode
444 * Note, even though inode compression type is defined by @compr_type, some
445 * nodes of this inode may be compressed with different compressor - this
446 * happens if compression type is changed while the inode already has data
447 * nodes. But @compr_type will be use for further writes to the inode.
449 * Note, do not forget to amend 'zero_ino_node_unused()' function when changing
450 * the padding fields.
452 struct ubifs_ino_node {
454 __u8 key[UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN];
471 __u8 padding1[4]; /* Watch 'zero_ino_node_unused()' if changing! */
474 __u8 padding2[26]; /* Watch 'zero_ino_node_unused()' if changing! */
476 } __attribute__ ((packed));
479 * struct ubifs_dent_node - directory entry node.
482 * @inum: target inode number
483 * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes
484 * @type: type of the target inode (%UBIFS_ITYPE_REG, %UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR, etc)
486 * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes
487 * @name: zero-terminated name
489 * Note, do not forget to amend 'zero_dent_node_unused()' function when
490 * changing the padding fields.
492 struct ubifs_dent_node {
494 __u8 key[UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN];
499 __u8 padding2[4]; /* Watch 'zero_dent_node_unused()' if changing! */
501 } __attribute__ ((packed));
504 * struct ubifs_data_node - data node.
507 * @size: uncompressed data size in bytes
508 * @compr_type: compression type (%UBIFS_COMPR_NONE, %UBIFS_COMPR_LZO, etc)
509 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
512 * Note, do not forget to amend 'zero_data_node_unused()' function when
513 * changing the padding fields.
515 struct ubifs_data_node {
517 __u8 key[UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN];
520 __u8 padding[2]; /* Watch 'zero_data_node_unused()' if changing! */
522 } __attribute__ ((packed));
525 * struct ubifs_trun_node - truncation node.
527 * @inum: truncated inode number
528 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
529 * @old_size: size before truncation
530 * @new_size: size after truncation
532 * This node exists only in the journal and never goes to the main area. Note,
533 * do not forget to amend 'zero_trun_node_unused()' function when changing the
536 struct ubifs_trun_node {
539 __u8 padding[12]; /* Watch 'zero_trun_node_unused()' if changing! */
542 } __attribute__ ((packed));
545 * struct ubifs_pad_node - padding node.
547 * @pad_len: how many bytes after this node are unused (because padded)
548 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
550 struct ubifs_pad_node {
553 } __attribute__ ((packed));
556 * struct ubifs_sb_node - superblock node.
558 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
559 * @key_hash: type of hash function used in keys
560 * @key_fmt: format of the key
561 * @flags: file-system flags (%UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT, etc)
562 * @min_io_size: minimal input/output unit size
563 * @leb_size: logical eraseblock size in bytes
564 * @leb_cnt: count of LEBs used by file-system
565 * @max_leb_cnt: maximum count of LEBs used by file-system
566 * @max_bud_bytes: maximum amount of data stored in buds
567 * @log_lebs: log size in logical eraseblocks
568 * @lpt_lebs: number of LEBs used for lprops table
569 * @orph_lebs: number of LEBs used for recording orphans
570 * @jhead_cnt: count of journal heads
571 * @fanout: tree fanout (max. number of links per indexing node)
572 * @lsave_cnt: number of LEB numbers in LPT's save table
573 * @fmt_version: UBIFS on-flash format version
574 * @default_compr: default compression algorithm (%UBIFS_COMPR_LZO, etc)
575 * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes
576 * @rp_uid: reserve pool UID
577 * @rp_gid: reserve pool GID
578 * @rp_size: size of the reserved pool in bytes
579 * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes
580 * @time_gran: time granularity in nanoseconds
581 * @uuid: UUID generated when the file system image was created
583 struct ubifs_sb_node {
593 __le64 max_bud_bytes;
601 __le16 default_compr;
609 } __attribute__ ((packed));
612 * struct ubifs_mst_node - master node.
614 * @highest_inum: highest inode number in the committed index
615 * @cmt_no: commit number
616 * @flags: various flags (%UBIFS_MST_DIRTY, etc)
617 * @log_lnum: start of the log
618 * @root_lnum: LEB number of the root indexing node
619 * @root_offs: offset within @root_lnum
620 * @root_len: root indexing node length
621 * @gc_lnum: LEB reserved for garbage collection (%-1 value means the LEB was
622 * not reserved and should be reserved on mount)
623 * @ihead_lnum: LEB number of index head
624 * @ihead_offs: offset of index head
625 * @index_size: size of index on flash
626 * @total_free: total free space in bytes
627 * @total_dirty: total dirty space in bytes
628 * @total_used: total used space in bytes (includes only data LEBs)
629 * @total_dead: total dead space in bytes (includes only data LEBs)
630 * @total_dark: total dark space in bytes (includes only data LEBs)
631 * @lpt_lnum: LEB number of LPT root nnode
632 * @lpt_offs: offset of LPT root nnode
633 * @nhead_lnum: LEB number of LPT head
634 * @nhead_offs: offset of LPT head
635 * @ltab_lnum: LEB number of LPT's own lprops table
636 * @ltab_offs: offset of LPT's own lprops table
637 * @lsave_lnum: LEB number of LPT's save table (big model only)
638 * @lsave_offs: offset of LPT's save table (big model only)
639 * @lscan_lnum: LEB number of last LPT scan
640 * @empty_lebs: number of empty logical eraseblocks
641 * @idx_lebs: number of indexing logical eraseblocks
642 * @leb_cnt: count of LEBs used by file-system
643 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
645 struct ubifs_mst_node {
676 } __attribute__ ((packed));
679 * struct ubifs_ref_node - logical eraseblock reference node.
681 * @lnum: the referred logical eraseblock number
682 * @offs: start offset in the referred LEB
683 * @jhead: journal head number
684 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
686 struct ubifs_ref_node {
692 } __attribute__ ((packed));
695 * struct ubifs_branch - key/reference/length branch
696 * @lnum: LEB number of the target node
697 * @offs: offset within @lnum
698 * @len: target node length
701 struct ubifs_branch {
706 } __attribute__ ((packed));
709 * struct ubifs_idx_node - indexing node.
711 * @child_cnt: number of child index nodes
713 * @branches: LEB number / offset / length / key branches
715 struct ubifs_idx_node {
720 } __attribute__ ((packed));
723 * struct ubifs_cs_node - commit start node.
725 * @cmt_no: commit number
727 struct ubifs_cs_node {
730 } __attribute__ ((packed));
733 * struct ubifs_orph_node - orphan node.
735 * @cmt_no: commit number (also top bit is set on the last node of the commit)
736 * @inos: inode numbers of orphans
738 struct ubifs_orph_node {
742 } __attribute__ ((packed));
744 #endif /* __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__ */