2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S
4 * Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
5 * Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
10 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs
14 #include <linux/config.h>
15 #include <linux/linkage.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <asm/assembler.h>
19 #include <asm/domain.h>
20 #include <asm/procinfo.h>
21 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
22 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
23 #include <asm/memory.h>
24 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
25 #include <asm/system.h>
27 #define PROCINFO_MMUFLAGS 8
28 #define PROCINFO_INITFUNC 12
30 #define MACHINFO_TYPE 0
31 #define MACHINFO_PHYSIO 4
32 #define MACHINFO_PGOFFIO 8
33 #define MACHINFO_NAME 12
35 #define KERNEL_RAM_ADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET)
38 * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.
39 * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_ADDR. Therefore, we must
40 * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_ADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect
41 * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably
42 * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_ADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000.
44 #if (KERNEL_RAM_ADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000
45 #error KERNEL_RAM_ADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000
49 .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_ADDR - 0x4000
52 ldr \rd, =(__virt_to_phys(KERNEL_RAM_ADDR - 0x4000))
55 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
56 #define TEXTADDR XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR)
58 #define TEXTADDR KERNEL_RAM_ADDR
62 * Kernel startup entry point.
63 * ---------------------------
65 * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
66 * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
69 * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at
70 * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000).
72 * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine
75 * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific
76 * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified
77 * circumstances, zImage) is for.
80 .type stext, %function
82 msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC @ ensure svc mode
84 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
85 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
86 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
87 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
88 bl __lookup_machine_type @ r5=machinfo
89 movs r8, r5 @ invalid machine (r5=0)?
90 beq __error_a @ yes, error 'a'
91 bl __create_page_tables
94 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
95 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
96 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_machine_type
97 * above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be
98 * turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value.
100 ldr r13, __switch_data @ address to jump to after
101 @ mmu has been enabled
102 adr lr, __enable_mmu @ return (PIC) address
103 add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC
105 .type __switch_data, %object
107 .long __mmap_switched
108 .long __data_loc @ r4
109 .long __data_start @ r5
110 .long __bss_start @ r6
112 .long processor_id @ r4
113 .long __machine_arch_type @ r5
114 .long cr_alignment @ r6
115 .long init_thread_union + THREAD_START_SP @ sp
118 * The following fragment of code is executed with the MMU on, and uses
119 * absolute addresses; this is not position independent.
121 * r0 = cp#15 control register
125 .type __mmap_switched, %function
127 adr r3, __switch_data + 4
129 ldmia r3!, {r4, r5, r6, r7}
130 cmp r4, r5 @ Copy data segment if needed
136 mov fp, #0 @ Clear BSS (and zero fp)
141 ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6, sp}
142 str r9, [r4] @ Save processor ID
143 str r1, [r5] @ Save machine type
144 bic r4, r0, #CR_A @ Clear 'A' bit
145 stmia r6, {r0, r4} @ Save control register values
148 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
149 .type secondary_startup, #function
150 ENTRY(secondary_startup)
152 * Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
154 * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup
155 * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type
156 * as it has already been validated by the primary processor.
158 msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC
159 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
160 bl __lookup_processor_type
161 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor?
162 moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p'
166 * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up.
168 adr r4, __secondary_data
169 ldmia r4, {r5, r6, r13} @ address to jump to after
170 sub r4, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled
171 ldr r4, [r6, r4] @ get secondary_data.pgdir
172 adr lr, __enable_mmu @ return address
173 add pc, r10, #12 @ initialise processor
174 @ (return control reg)
177 * r6 = &secondary_data
179 ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
180 ldr sp, [r6, #4] @ get secondary_data.stack
182 b secondary_start_kernel
184 .type __secondary_data, %object
188 .long __secondary_switched
189 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
194 * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially
195 * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access
198 .type __enable_mmu, %function
200 #ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
205 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE
208 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
211 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE
214 mov r5, #(domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
215 domain_val(DOMAIN_KERNEL, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
216 domain_val(DOMAIN_TABLE, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
217 domain_val(DOMAIN_IO, DOMAIN_CLIENT))
218 mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register
219 mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer
223 * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible
224 * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
225 * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel
226 * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list.
228 * r0 = cp#15 control register
229 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
231 * other registers depend on the function called upon completion
234 .type __turn_mmu_on, %function
237 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg
238 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg
246 * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest
247 * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which
248 * generally means mapping in the kernel code.
255 * r0, r3, r6, r7 corrupted
256 * r4 = physical page table address
258 .type __create_page_tables, %function
259 __create_page_tables:
260 pgtbl r4 @ page table address
263 * Clear the 16K level 1 swapper page table
275 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MMUFLAGS] @ mmuflags
278 * Create identity mapping for first MB of kernel to
279 * cater for the MMU enable. This identity mapping
280 * will be removed by paging_init(). We use our current program
281 * counter to determine corresponding section base address.
283 mov r6, pc, lsr #20 @ start of kernel section
284 orr r3, r7, r6, lsl #20 @ flags + kernel base
285 str r3, [r4, r6, lsl #2] @ identity mapping
288 * Now setup the pagetables for our kernel direct
289 * mapped region. We round TEXTADDR down to the
290 * nearest megabyte boundary. It is assumed that
291 * the kernel fits within 4 contigous 1MB sections.
293 add r0, r4, #(TEXTADDR & 0xff000000) >> 18 @ start of kernel
294 str r3, [r0, #(TEXTADDR & 0x00f00000) >> 18]!
296 str r3, [r0, #4]! @ KERNEL + 1MB
298 str r3, [r0, #4]! @ KERNEL + 2MB
300 str r3, [r0, #4] @ KERNEL + 3MB
303 * Then map first 1MB of ram in case it contains our boot params.
305 add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> 18
306 orr r6, r7, #PHYS_OFFSET
309 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
311 * Map some ram to cover our .data and .bss areas.
312 * Mapping 3MB should be plenty.
314 sub r3, r4, #PHYS_OFFSET
316 add r0, r0, r3, lsl #2
317 add r6, r6, r3, lsl #20
319 add r6, r6, #(1 << 20)
321 add r6, r6, #(1 << 20)
325 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
326 bic r7, r7, #0x0c @ turn off cacheable
327 @ and bufferable bits
329 * Map in IO space for serial debugging.
330 * This allows debug messages to be output
331 * via a serial console before paging_init.
333 ldr r3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PGOFFIO]
335 rsb r3, r3, #0x4000 @ PTRS_PER_PGD*sizeof(long)
336 cmp r3, #0x0800 @ limit to 512MB
339 ldr r3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PHYSIO]
345 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS)
347 * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map
348 * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages
350 add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> 18
351 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000
354 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
356 * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE
357 * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is
358 * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures.
360 add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> 18
361 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000
363 add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> 18
373 * Exception handling. Something went wrong and we can't proceed. We
374 * ought to tell the user, but since we don't have any guarantee that
375 * we're even running on the right architecture, we do virtually nothing.
377 * If CONFIG_DEBUG_LL is set we try to print out something about the error
378 * and hope for the best (useful if bootloader fails to pass a proper
379 * machine ID for example).
382 .type __error_p, %function
384 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
388 str_p1: .asciz "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported processor variant.\n"
392 .type __error_a, %function
394 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
395 mov r4, r1 @ preserve machine ID
403 ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6} @ get machine desc list
404 sub r4, r3, r4 @ get offset between virt&phys
405 add r5, r5, r4 @ convert virt addresses to
406 add r6, r6, r4 @ physical address space
407 1: ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE] @ get machine type
411 ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_NAME] @ get machine name
416 add r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC @ next machine_desc
422 str_a1: .asciz "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x"
423 str_a2: .asciz ").\n\nAvailable machine support:\n\nID (hex)\tNAME\n"
424 str_a3: .asciz "\nPlease check your kernel config and/or bootloader.\n"
428 .type __error, %function
430 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
432 * Turn the screen red on a error - RiscPC only.
436 orr r3, r3, r3, lsl #8
437 orr r3, r3, r3, lsl #16
448 * Read processor ID register (CP#15, CR0), and look up in the linker-built
449 * supported processor list. Note that we can't use the absolute addresses
450 * for the __proc_info lists since we aren't running with the MMU on
451 * (and therefore, we are not in the correct address space). We have to
452 * calculate the offset.
456 * r3, r4, r6 corrupted
457 * r5 = proc_info pointer in physical address space
458 * r9 = cpuid (preserved)
460 .type __lookup_processor_type, %function
461 __lookup_processor_type:
464 sub r3, r3, r7 @ get offset between virt&phys
465 add r5, r5, r3 @ convert virt addresses to
466 add r6, r6, r3 @ physical address space
467 1: ldmia r5, {r3, r4} @ value, mask
468 and r4, r4, r9 @ mask wanted bits
471 add r5, r5, #PROC_INFO_SZ @ sizeof(proc_info_list)
474 mov r5, #0 @ unknown processor
478 * This provides a C-API version of the above function.
480 ENTRY(lookup_processor_type)
481 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, r9, lr}
483 bl __lookup_processor_type
485 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, r9, pc}
488 * Look in include/asm-arm/procinfo.h and arch/arm/kernel/arch.[ch] for
489 * more information about the __proc_info and __arch_info structures.
491 .long __proc_info_begin
492 .long __proc_info_end
494 .long __arch_info_begin
495 .long __arch_info_end
498 * Lookup machine architecture in the linker-build list of architectures.
499 * Note that we can't use the absolute addresses for the __arch_info
500 * lists since we aren't running with the MMU on (and therefore, we are
501 * not in the correct address space). We have to calculate the offset.
503 * r1 = machine architecture number
505 * r3, r4, r6 corrupted
506 * r5 = mach_info pointer in physical address space
508 .type __lookup_machine_type, %function
509 __lookup_machine_type:
511 ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6}
512 sub r3, r3, r4 @ get offset between virt&phys
513 add r5, r5, r3 @ convert virt addresses to
514 add r6, r6, r3 @ physical address space
515 1: ldr r3, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE] @ get machine type
516 teq r3, r1 @ matches loader number?
518 add r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC @ next machine_desc
521 mov r5, #0 @ unknown machine
525 * This provides a C-API version of the above function.
527 ENTRY(lookup_machine_type)
528 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, lr}
530 bl __lookup_machine_type
532 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, pc}