4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
114 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
115 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
116 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
117 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
120 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
121 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
122 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
124 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
125 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
126 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
127 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
128 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
129 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
130 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
131 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
133 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
135 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
136 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
137 See Documentation/power/video.txt
139 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
140 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
142 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
143 ACPI will balance active IRQs
146 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
150 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
152 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
154 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
155 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
157 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
158 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
160 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
162 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
164 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
165 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
166 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
168 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
170 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
171 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
172 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
173 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
175 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
177 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
178 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
179 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
180 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
182 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
184 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
185 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
186 override platform specific driver.
187 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
189 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
190 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
191 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
192 and always returns good values.
194 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
195 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
196 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
197 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
198 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
200 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
201 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
202 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
205 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
206 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
209 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
215 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
217 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
218 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
220 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
221 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
222 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
225 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
228 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
231 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
234 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
236 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
237 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
239 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
241 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
242 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
243 connected to one of 16 gameports
244 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
247 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
249 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
250 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
251 APC and your system crashes randomly.
253 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
254 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
255 Change the amount of debugging information output
256 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
258 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
259 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
264 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
265 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
269 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
271 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
273 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
274 EzKey and similar keyboards
276 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
278 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
279 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
281 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
284 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
285 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
287 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
288 Use software keyboard repeat
292 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
293 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
295 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
296 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
298 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
301 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
303 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
305 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
306 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
307 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
308 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
310 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
311 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
312 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
313 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
315 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
321 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
322 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
324 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
325 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
328 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
329 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
331 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
333 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
334 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
335 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
336 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
337 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
338 This option provides an override for these situations.
341 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
342 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
344 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
346 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
347 Format: { "0" | "1" }
348 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
349 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
350 any implied execute protection).
351 1 -- check protection requested by application.
352 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
353 Value can be changed at runtime via
354 /selinux/checkreqprot.
356 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
358 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
359 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
360 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
361 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
365 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
366 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
367 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
369 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
373 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
375 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
377 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
379 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
383 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
384 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
386 condev= [HW,S390] console device
389 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
391 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
395 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
396 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
397 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
398 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
399 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
401 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
403 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
406 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
407 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
408 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
409 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
410 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
411 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
413 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
415 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
418 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
420 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
421 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
422 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
425 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
430 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
431 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
433 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
436 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
438 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
439 (one device per port)
440 Format: <port#>,<type>
441 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
443 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
446 [KNL] verbose self-tests
448 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
450 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
451 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
452 only useful to kernel developers.
455 Format: <area>[,<node>]
456 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
459 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
462 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
464 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
465 See drivers/char/README.epca and
466 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
468 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
470 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
472 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
478 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
480 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
482 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
485 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
487 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
489 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
492 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
497 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
500 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
507 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
508 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
511 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
513 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
514 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
517 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
518 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
521 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
522 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
523 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
525 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
526 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
527 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
528 pass this option to capture kernel.
529 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
531 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
533 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
534 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
535 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
537 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
540 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
541 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
544 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
545 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
547 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
548 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
549 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
551 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
555 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
558 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
561 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
563 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
564 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
567 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
568 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
569 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
570 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
575 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
577 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
578 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
584 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
588 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
589 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
590 for IA-64, off otherwise.
591 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
593 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
595 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
596 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
598 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
599 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
601 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
602 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
603 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
604 size on bigger boxes.
607 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
609 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
611 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
613 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
614 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
615 keyboard and cannot control its state
616 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
617 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
618 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
619 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
621 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
624 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
625 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
626 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
627 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
631 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
632 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
634 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
635 does not match list of supported models.
637 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
638 (disabled by default)
639 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
642 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
643 See Documentation/mca.txt.
646 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
648 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
649 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
650 See Documentation/ide.txt.
652 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
653 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
654 See Documentation/ide.txt.
656 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
657 See Documentation/ide.txt.
660 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
663 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
666 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
670 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
673 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
674 for working out where the kernel is dying during
677 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
679 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
682 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
683 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
684 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
685 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
686 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
687 changing hdc to sdb).
688 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
692 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
693 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
694 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
697 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
699 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
700 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
702 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
703 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
705 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
707 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
709 Format: <port>,<port>....
712 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
713 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
717 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
718 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
719 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
723 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
725 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
726 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
727 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
728 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
729 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
730 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
731 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
732 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
734 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
735 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
736 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
737 suboptimal load balancer performance.
740 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
744 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
745 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
749 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
754 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
757 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
758 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
760 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
761 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
763 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
764 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
766 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
769 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
772 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
775 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
778 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
781 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
782 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
783 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
784 loglevels are defined as follows:
786 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
787 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
788 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
789 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
790 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
791 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
792 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
793 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
795 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
796 Format: { n | nk | nM }
797 n must be a power of two. The default size
798 is set in the kernel config file.
800 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
801 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
802 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
803 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
804 specified in addition to the ports) causes
805 attached printers to be reset. Using
806 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
807 to associate lp devices with, starting with
808 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
809 that lp device, or a parport name such as
810 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
811 port specification list means that device IDs
812 from each port should be examined, to see if
813 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
814 so, the driver will manage that printer.
815 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
818 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
819 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
820 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
821 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
822 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
823 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
824 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
825 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
826 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
827 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
828 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
832 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
834 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
835 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
837 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
838 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
840 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
841 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
842 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
844 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
845 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
850 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
854 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
857 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
858 equal to this physical address is ignored.
860 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
861 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
864 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
865 Should be between 1 and 16384.
867 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
872 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
876 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
878 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
879 See Documentation/md.txt.
882 Format: <first>,<last>
883 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
885 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
886 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
887 to see the whole system memory or for test.
888 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
889 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
890 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
892 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
895 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
896 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
897 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
898 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
901 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
902 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
903 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
905 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
906 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
907 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
909 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
910 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
911 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
913 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
914 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
919 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
920 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
921 This debugging option can be used to override the
922 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
923 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
924 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
925 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
926 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
927 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
929 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
930 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
931 development purposes, not production environments.
934 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
936 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
937 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
938 increase verbosity of the detection process.
939 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
940 some more information, and 2 will be really
941 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
942 serial console attached to the system).
945 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
947 This debug option can be used to proportionally
948 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
949 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
950 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
951 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
952 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
953 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
954 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
957 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
958 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
959 development purposes, not production environments.
962 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
963 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
964 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
965 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
967 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
968 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
969 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
970 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
976 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
978 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
979 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
982 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
984 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
985 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
986 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
988 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
991 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
997 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
999 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1001 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1003 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1004 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1005 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1006 something different and driver-specific.
1007 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1011 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1013 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1014 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1016 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1017 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1018 channel should listen.
1020 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1021 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1024 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1026 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1027 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1032 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1033 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1035 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1038 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1039 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1043 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1045 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1049 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1050 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1051 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1053 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1054 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1055 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1059 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1060 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1063 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1064 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1065 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1066 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1067 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1070 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1071 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1073 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1075 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1080 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1082 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1083 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1085 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1087 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1089 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1091 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1094 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1095 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1096 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1100 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1102 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1104 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1106 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1108 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1112 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1118 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1120 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1121 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1123 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1124 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1129 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1130 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1131 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1133 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1136 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1137 connected to, default is 0.
1139 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1140 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1143 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1144 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1145 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1146 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1147 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1148 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1149 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1150 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1151 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1152 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1153 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1154 are specified on the command line, starting
1157 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1158 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1159 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1160 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1161 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1162 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1163 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1165 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1166 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1169 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1172 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1173 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1174 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1179 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1180 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1182 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1183 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1184 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1185 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1186 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1187 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1188 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1189 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1190 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1191 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1193 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1195 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1197 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1198 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1199 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1200 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1201 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1202 done to get a device order compatible with
1204 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1205 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1206 on several machines and they hang the machine
1207 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1208 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1209 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1210 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1212 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1213 Use with caution as certain devices share
1214 address decoders between ROMs and other
1216 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1217 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1218 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1220 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1221 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1222 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1223 F0000h-100000h range.
1224 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1225 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1226 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1227 explicitly which ones they are.
1228 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1229 numbers ourselves, overriding
1230 whatever the firmware may have done.
1231 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1232 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1233 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1234 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1235 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1236 IRQ routing is enabled.
1237 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1238 or for PCI scanning.
1239 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1240 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1241 so this option is a temporary workaround
1242 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1243 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1244 just use the configuration from the
1245 bootloader. This is currently used on
1246 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1247 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1248 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1249 This might help on some broken boards which
1250 machine check when some devices' config space
1251 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1252 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1253 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1256 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1258 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1261 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1264 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1267 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1269 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1270 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1272 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1273 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1274 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1280 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1283 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1286 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1288 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1289 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1292 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1294 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1296 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1297 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1298 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1299 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1300 statistical time based profiling.
1302 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1303 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1304 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1306 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1307 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1308 instead using the legacy FADT method
1310 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1312 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1314 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1315 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1316 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1318 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1319 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1322 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1323 psmouse.smartscroll=
1324 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1325 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1327 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1329 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1332 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1334 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1339 See Documentation/md.txt.
1341 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1342 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1344 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1345 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1347 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1348 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1349 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1351 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1352 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1354 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1355 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1357 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1358 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1360 rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1361 RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1366 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1367 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1369 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1370 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1371 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1373 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1377 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1380 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1381 during initialization.
1384 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1386 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1387 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1389 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1390 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1392 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1394 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1396 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1397 mount the root filesystem
1399 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1401 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1403 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1405 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1408 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1411 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1413 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1415 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1417 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1418 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1420 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1421 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1423 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1424 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1426 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1427 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1430 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1431 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1432 (flags are integer value)
1434 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1436 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1437 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1438 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1441 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1442 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1443 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1445 selinux_compat_net =
1446 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1447 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1448 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1449 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1450 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1451 Value can be changed at runtime via
1452 /selinux/compat_net.
1454 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1456 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1459 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1462 Maximal number of shapers.
1465 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1471 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1472 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1477 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1479 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1481 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1483 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1485 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1487 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1489 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1491 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1493 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1495 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1497 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1499 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1501 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1503 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1505 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1507 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1509 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1511 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1513 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1515 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1517 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1519 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1521 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1523 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1525 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1527 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1529 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1531 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1535 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1537 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1539 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1544 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1546 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1548 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1550 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1552 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1554 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1562 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1566 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1568 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1570 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1576 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1578 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1580 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1582 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1587 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1589 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1591 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1593 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1595 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1597 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1599 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1601 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1605 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1607 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1608 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1610 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1611 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1613 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1619 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1621 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1622 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1625 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1629 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1630 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1631 as the initial boot-console.
1632 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1635 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1638 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1640 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1644 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1645 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1648 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1652 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1653 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1655 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1657 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1658 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1659 with the name specified.
1661 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1662 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1665 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1666 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1669 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1672 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1673 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1677 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1679 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1681 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1682 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1684 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1685 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1687 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1688 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1690 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1691 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1700 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1703 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1704 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1706 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1707 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1709 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1710 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1711 Documentation/svga.txt.
1712 Use vga=ask for menu.
1713 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1714 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1716 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1717 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1718 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1719 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1722 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1725 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1728 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1731 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1732 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1735 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1738 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1741 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1743 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1744 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1746 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1748 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1750 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1751 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1754 ______________________________________________________________________
1758 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1759 Add more DRM drivers.