2 * linux/arch/i386/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
6 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
9 #include <linux/module.h>
10 #include <linux/signal.h>
11 #include <linux/sched.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/errno.h>
14 #include <linux/string.h>
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
17 #include <linux/mman.h>
19 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
20 #include <linux/swap.h>
21 #include <linux/smp.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/highmem.h>
24 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
25 #include <linux/pfn.h>
26 #include <linux/poison.h>
27 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
30 #include <linux/efi.h>
31 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
32 #include <linux/initrd.h>
33 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
35 #include <asm/processor.h>
36 #include <asm/system.h>
37 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
38 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
40 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
44 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
45 #include <asm/sections.h>
46 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
48 unsigned int __VMALLOC_RESERVE = 128 << 20;
50 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
51 unsigned long highstart_pfn, highend_pfn;
53 static int noinline do_test_wp_bit(void);
56 * Creates a middle page table and puts a pointer to it in the
57 * given global directory entry. This only returns the gd entry
58 * in non-PAE compilation mode, since the middle layer is folded.
60 static pmd_t * __init one_md_table_init(pgd_t *pgd)
66 if (!(pgd_val(*pgd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
67 pmd_table = (pmd_t *) alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
69 paravirt_alloc_pd(__pa(pmd_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
70 set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(__pa(pmd_table) | _PAGE_PRESENT));
71 pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
72 if (pmd_table != pmd_offset(pud, 0))
76 pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
77 pmd_table = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
82 * Create a page table and place a pointer to it in a middle page
85 static pte_t * __init one_page_table_init(pmd_t *pmd)
87 if (!(pmd_val(*pmd) & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
88 pte_t *page_table = (pte_t *) alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
90 paravirt_alloc_pt(__pa(page_table) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
91 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(page_table) | _PAGE_TABLE));
92 BUG_ON(page_table != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0));
95 return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0);
99 * This function initializes a certain range of kernel virtual memory
100 * with new bootmem page tables, everywhere page tables are missing in
105 * NOTE: The pagetables are allocated contiguous on the physical space
106 * so we can cache the place of the first one and move around without
107 * checking the pgd every time.
109 static void __init page_table_range_init (unsigned long start, unsigned long end, pgd_t *pgd_base)
113 int pgd_idx, pmd_idx;
117 pgd_idx = pgd_index(vaddr);
118 pmd_idx = pmd_index(vaddr);
119 pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
121 for ( ; (pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD) && (vaddr != end); pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
122 pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
123 pmd = pmd + pmd_index(vaddr);
124 for (; (pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD) && (vaddr != end); pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
125 one_page_table_init(pmd);
133 static inline int is_kernel_text(unsigned long addr)
135 if (addr >= PAGE_OFFSET && addr <= (unsigned long)__init_end)
141 * This maps the physical memory to kernel virtual address space, a total
142 * of max_low_pfn pages, by creating page tables starting from address
145 static void __init kernel_physical_mapping_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
151 int pgd_idx, pmd_idx, pte_ofs;
153 pgd_idx = pgd_index(PAGE_OFFSET);
154 pgd = pgd_base + pgd_idx;
157 for (; pgd_idx < PTRS_PER_PGD; pgd++, pgd_idx++) {
158 pmd = one_md_table_init(pgd);
159 if (pfn >= max_low_pfn)
161 for (pmd_idx = 0; pmd_idx < PTRS_PER_PMD && pfn < max_low_pfn; pmd++, pmd_idx++) {
162 unsigned int address = pfn * PAGE_SIZE + PAGE_OFFSET;
164 /* Map with big pages if possible, otherwise create normal page tables. */
166 unsigned int address2 = (pfn + PTRS_PER_PTE - 1) * PAGE_SIZE + PAGE_OFFSET + PAGE_SIZE-1;
167 if (is_kernel_text(address) || is_kernel_text(address2))
168 set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC));
170 set_pmd(pmd, pfn_pmd(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE));
174 pte = one_page_table_init(pmd);
177 pte_ofs < PTRS_PER_PTE && pfn < max_low_pfn;
178 pte++, pfn++, pte_ofs++, address += PAGE_SIZE) {
179 if (is_kernel_text(address))
180 set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC));
182 set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL));
189 static inline int page_kills_ppro(unsigned long pagenr)
191 if (pagenr >= 0x70000 && pagenr <= 0x7003F)
196 int page_is_ram(unsigned long pagenr)
199 unsigned long addr, end;
202 efi_memory_desc_t *md;
205 for (p = memmap.map; p < memmap.map_end; p += memmap.desc_size) {
207 if (!is_available_memory(md))
209 addr = (md->phys_addr+PAGE_SIZE-1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
210 end = (md->phys_addr + (md->num_pages << EFI_PAGE_SHIFT)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
212 if ((pagenr >= addr) && (pagenr < end))
218 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
220 if (e820.map[i].type != E820_RAM) /* not usable memory */
223 * !!!FIXME!!! Some BIOSen report areas as RAM that
224 * are not. Notably the 640->1Mb area. We need a sanity
227 addr = (e820.map[i].addr+PAGE_SIZE-1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
228 end = (e820.map[i].addr+e820.map[i].size) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
229 if ((pagenr >= addr) && (pagenr < end))
235 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
239 #define kmap_get_fixmap_pte(vaddr) \
240 pte_offset_kernel(pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset_k(vaddr), vaddr), (vaddr)), (vaddr))
242 static void __init kmap_init(void)
244 unsigned long kmap_vstart;
246 /* cache the first kmap pte */
247 kmap_vstart = __fix_to_virt(FIX_KMAP_BEGIN);
248 kmap_pte = kmap_get_fixmap_pte(kmap_vstart);
250 kmap_prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
253 static void __init permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_t *pgd_base)
262 page_table_range_init(vaddr, vaddr + PAGE_SIZE*LAST_PKMAP, pgd_base);
264 pgd = swapper_pg_dir + pgd_index(vaddr);
265 pud = pud_offset(pgd, vaddr);
266 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
267 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
268 pkmap_page_table = pte;
271 static void __meminit free_new_highpage(struct page *page)
273 init_page_count(page);
278 void __init add_one_highpage_init(struct page *page, int pfn, int bad_ppro)
280 if (page_is_ram(pfn) && !(bad_ppro && page_kills_ppro(pfn))) {
281 ClearPageReserved(page);
282 free_new_highpage(page);
284 SetPageReserved(page);
287 static int __meminit add_one_highpage_hotplug(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
289 free_new_highpage(page);
291 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
292 max_mapnr = max(pfn, max_mapnr);
299 * Not currently handling the NUMA case.
300 * Assuming single node and all memory that
301 * has been added dynamically that would be
302 * onlined here is in HIGHMEM
304 void __meminit online_page(struct page *page)
306 ClearPageReserved(page);
307 add_one_highpage_hotplug(page, page_to_pfn(page));
312 extern void set_highmem_pages_init(int);
314 static void __init set_highmem_pages_init(int bad_ppro)
317 for (pfn = highstart_pfn; pfn < highend_pfn; pfn++)
318 add_one_highpage_init(pfn_to_page(pfn), pfn, bad_ppro);
319 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
321 #endif /* CONFIG_FLATMEM */
324 #define kmap_init() do { } while (0)
325 #define permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_base) do { } while (0)
326 #define set_highmem_pages_init(bad_ppro) do { } while (0)
327 #endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
329 unsigned long long __PAGE_KERNEL = _PAGE_KERNEL;
330 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__PAGE_KERNEL);
331 unsigned long long __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC = _PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC;
334 extern void __init remap_numa_kva(void);
336 #define remap_numa_kva() do {} while (0)
339 void __init native_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_t *base)
341 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
345 * Init entries of the first-level page table to the
346 * zero page, if they haven't already been set up.
348 * In a normal native boot, we'll be running on a
349 * pagetable rooted in swapper_pg_dir, but not in PAE
350 * mode, so this will end up clobbering the mappings
351 * for the lower 24Mbytes of the address space,
352 * without affecting the kernel address space.
354 for (i = 0; i < USER_PTRS_PER_PGD; i++)
356 __pgd(__pa(empty_zero_page) | _PAGE_PRESENT));
358 /* Make sure kernel address space is empty so that a pagetable
359 will be allocated for it. */
360 memset(&base[USER_PTRS_PER_PGD], 0,
361 KERNEL_PGD_PTRS * sizeof(pgd_t));
363 paravirt_alloc_pd(__pa(swapper_pg_dir) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
367 void __init native_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_t *base)
369 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
371 * Add low memory identity-mappings - SMP needs it when
372 * starting up on an AP from real-mode. In the non-PAE
373 * case we already have these mappings through head.S.
374 * All user-space mappings are explicitly cleared after
377 set_pgd(&base[0], base[USER_PTRS_PER_PGD]);
382 * Build a proper pagetable for the kernel mappings. Up until this
383 * point, we've been running on some set of pagetables constructed by
386 * If we're booting on native hardware, this will be a pagetable
387 * constructed in arch/i386/kernel/head.S, and not running in PAE mode
388 * (even if we'll end up running in PAE). The root of the pagetable
389 * will be swapper_pg_dir.
391 * If we're booting paravirtualized under a hypervisor, then there are
392 * more options: we may already be running PAE, and the pagetable may
393 * or may not be based in swapper_pg_dir. In any case,
394 * paravirt_pagetable_setup_start() will set up swapper_pg_dir
395 * appropriately for the rest of the initialization to work.
397 * In general, pagetable_init() assumes that the pagetable may already
398 * be partially populated, and so it avoids stomping on any existing
401 static void __init pagetable_init (void)
403 unsigned long vaddr, end;
404 pgd_t *pgd_base = swapper_pg_dir;
406 paravirt_pagetable_setup_start(pgd_base);
408 /* Enable PSE if available */
410 set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PSE);
412 /* Enable PGE if available */
414 set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PGE);
415 __PAGE_KERNEL |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
416 __PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
419 kernel_physical_mapping_init(pgd_base);
423 * Fixed mappings, only the page table structure has to be
424 * created - mappings will be set by set_fixmap():
426 vaddr = __fix_to_virt(__end_of_fixed_addresses - 1) & PMD_MASK;
427 end = (FIXADDR_TOP + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
428 page_table_range_init(vaddr, end, pgd_base);
430 permanent_kmaps_init(pgd_base);
432 paravirt_pagetable_setup_done(pgd_base);
435 #if defined(CONFIG_SOFTWARE_SUSPEND) || defined(CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP)
437 * Swap suspend & friends need this for resume because things like the intel-agp
438 * driver might have split up a kernel 4MB mapping.
440 char __nosavedata swsusp_pg_dir[PAGE_SIZE]
441 __attribute__ ((aligned (PAGE_SIZE)));
443 static inline void save_pg_dir(void)
445 memcpy(swsusp_pg_dir, swapper_pg_dir, PAGE_SIZE);
448 static inline void save_pg_dir(void)
453 void zap_low_mappings (void)
460 * Zap initial low-memory mappings.
462 * Note that "pgd_clear()" doesn't do it for
463 * us, because pgd_clear() is a no-op on i386.
465 for (i = 0; i < USER_PTRS_PER_PGD; i++)
466 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
467 set_pgd(swapper_pg_dir+i, __pgd(1 + __pa(empty_zero_page)));
469 set_pgd(swapper_pg_dir+i, __pgd(0));
474 static int disable_nx __initdata = 0;
475 u64 __supported_pte_mask __read_mostly = ~_PAGE_NX;
480 * Control non executable mappings.
485 static int __init noexec_setup(char *str)
487 if (!str || !strcmp(str, "on")) {
489 __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
492 } else if (!strcmp(str,"off")) {
494 __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_NX;
500 early_param("noexec", noexec_setup);
503 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
505 static void __init set_nx(void)
507 unsigned int v[4], l, h;
509 if (cpu_has_pae && (cpuid_eax(0x80000000) > 0x80000001)) {
510 cpuid(0x80000001, &v[0], &v[1], &v[2], &v[3]);
511 if ((v[3] & (1 << 20)) && !disable_nx) {
512 rdmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
514 wrmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
516 __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
522 * Enables/disables executability of a given kernel page and
523 * returns the previous setting.
525 int __init set_kernel_exec(unsigned long vaddr, int enable)
533 pte = lookup_address(vaddr);
536 if (!pte_exec_kernel(*pte))
540 pte->pte_high &= ~(1 << (_PAGE_BIT_NX - 32));
542 pte->pte_high |= 1 << (_PAGE_BIT_NX - 32);
543 pte_update_defer(&init_mm, vaddr, pte);
552 * paging_init() sets up the page tables - note that the first 8MB are
553 * already mapped by head.S.
555 * This routines also unmaps the page at virtual kernel address 0, so
556 * that we can trap those pesky NULL-reference errors in the kernel.
558 void __init paging_init(void)
560 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
563 printk("NX (Execute Disable) protection: active\n");
568 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
570 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
572 * We will bail out later - printk doesn't work right now so
573 * the user would just see a hanging kernel.
576 set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PAE);
584 * Test if the WP bit works in supervisor mode. It isn't supported on 386's
585 * and also on some strange 486's (NexGen etc.). All 586+'s are OK. This
586 * used to involve black magic jumps to work around some nasty CPU bugs,
587 * but fortunately the switch to using exceptions got rid of all that.
590 static void __init test_wp_bit(void)
592 printk("Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... ");
594 /* Any page-aligned address will do, the test is non-destructive */
595 __set_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST, __pa(&swapper_pg_dir), PAGE_READONLY);
596 boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok = do_test_wp_bit();
597 clear_fixmap(FIX_WP_TEST);
599 if (!boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok) {
601 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_WP_WORKS_OK
602 panic("This kernel doesn't support CPU's with broken WP. Recompile it for a 386!");
609 static struct kcore_list kcore_mem, kcore_vmalloc;
611 void __init mem_init(void)
613 extern int ppro_with_ram_bug(void);
614 int codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
618 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
622 bad_ppro = ppro_with_ram_bug();
624 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
625 /* check that fixmap and pkmap do not overlap */
626 if (PKMAP_BASE+LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE >= FIXADDR_START) {
627 printk(KERN_ERR "fixmap and kmap areas overlap - this will crash\n");
628 printk(KERN_ERR "pkstart: %lxh pkend: %lxh fixstart %lxh\n",
629 PKMAP_BASE, PKMAP_BASE+LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE, FIXADDR_START);
634 /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
635 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
638 for (tmp = 0; tmp < max_low_pfn; tmp++)
640 * Only count reserved RAM pages
642 if (page_is_ram(tmp) && PageReserved(pfn_to_page(tmp)))
645 set_highmem_pages_init(bad_ppro);
647 codesize = (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
648 datasize = (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
649 initsize = (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
651 kclist_add(&kcore_mem, __va(0), max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
652 kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc, (void *)VMALLOC_START,
653 VMALLOC_END-VMALLOC_START);
655 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory: %luk/%luk available (%dk kernel code, %dk reserved, %dk data, %dk init, %ldk highmem)\n",
656 (unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
657 num_physpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
659 reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
662 (unsigned long) (totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
665 #if 1 /* double-sanity-check paranoia */
666 printk("virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
667 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
668 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
669 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
671 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
672 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
673 " .init : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
674 " .data : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
675 " .text : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n",
676 FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP,
677 (FIXADDR_TOP - FIXADDR_START) >> 10,
679 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
680 PKMAP_BASE, PKMAP_BASE+LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE,
681 (LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE) >> 10,
684 VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
685 (VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START) >> 20,
687 (unsigned long)__va(0), (unsigned long)high_memory,
688 ((unsigned long)high_memory - (unsigned long)__va(0)) >> 20,
690 (unsigned long)&__init_begin, (unsigned long)&__init_end,
691 ((unsigned long)&__init_end - (unsigned long)&__init_begin) >> 10,
693 (unsigned long)&_etext, (unsigned long)&_edata,
694 ((unsigned long)&_edata - (unsigned long)&_etext) >> 10,
696 (unsigned long)&_text, (unsigned long)&_etext,
697 ((unsigned long)&_etext - (unsigned long)&_text) >> 10);
699 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
700 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE+LAST_PKMAP*PAGE_SIZE > FIXADDR_START);
701 BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > PKMAP_BASE);
703 BUG_ON(VMALLOC_START > VMALLOC_END);
704 BUG_ON((unsigned long)high_memory > VMALLOC_START);
705 #endif /* double-sanity-check paranoia */
707 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
709 panic("cannot execute a PAE-enabled kernel on a PAE-less CPU!");
711 if (boot_cpu_data.wp_works_ok < 0)
715 * Subtle. SMP is doing it's boot stuff late (because it has to
716 * fork idle threads) - but it also needs low mappings for the
717 * protected-mode entry to work. We zap these entries only after
718 * the WP-bit has been tested.
725 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
726 int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
728 struct pglist_data *pgdata = NODE_DATA(nid);
729 struct zone *zone = pgdata->node_zones + ZONE_HIGHMEM;
730 unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
731 unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
733 return __add_pages(zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
736 int remove_memory(u64 start, u64 size)
740 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(remove_memory);
743 struct kmem_cache *pgd_cache;
744 struct kmem_cache *pmd_cache;
746 void __init pgtable_cache_init(void)
748 size_t pgd_size = PTRS_PER_PGD*sizeof(pgd_t);
750 if (PTRS_PER_PMD > 1) {
751 pmd_cache = kmem_cache_create("pmd",
752 PTRS_PER_PMD*sizeof(pmd_t),
753 PTRS_PER_PMD*sizeof(pmd_t),
757 if (!SHARED_KERNEL_PMD) {
758 /* If we're in PAE mode and have a non-shared
759 kernel pmd, then the pgd size must be a
760 page size. This is because the pgd_list
761 links through the page structure, so there
762 can only be one pgd per page for this to
764 pgd_size = PAGE_SIZE;
767 pgd_cache = kmem_cache_create("pgd",
772 (!SHARED_KERNEL_PMD) ? pgd_dtor : NULL);
776 * This function cannot be __init, since exceptions don't work in that
777 * section. Put this after the callers, so that it cannot be inlined.
779 static int noinline do_test_wp_bit(void)
784 __asm__ __volatile__(
789 ".section __ex_table,\"a\"\n"
793 :"=m" (*(char *)fix_to_virt(FIX_WP_TEST)),
802 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
804 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
806 unsigned long start = PFN_ALIGN(_text);
807 unsigned long size = PFN_ALIGN(_etext) - start;
809 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
810 /* It must still be possible to apply SMP alternatives. */
811 if (num_possible_cpus() <= 1)
814 change_page_attr(virt_to_page(start),
815 size >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_RX);
816 printk("Write protecting the kernel text: %luk\n", size >> 10);
820 size = (unsigned long)__end_rodata - start;
821 change_page_attr(virt_to_page(start),
822 size >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
823 printk("Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
827 * change_page_attr() requires a global_flush_tlb() call after it.
828 * We do this after the printk so that if something went wrong in the
829 * change, the printk gets out at least to give a better debug hint
830 * of who is the culprit.
836 void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
840 for (addr = begin; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
841 ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
842 init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
843 memset((void *)addr, POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
847 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
850 void free_initmem(void)
852 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
853 (unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
854 (unsigned long)(&__init_end));
857 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
858 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
860 free_init_pages("initrd memory", start, end);