2 * Handle the memory map.
3 * The functions here do the job until bootmem takes over.
5 * Getting sanitize_e820_map() in sync with i386 version by applying change:
6 * - Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
7 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
8 * Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/ioport.h>
16 #include <linux/string.h>
17 #include <linux/kexec.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/suspend.h>
21 #include <linux/pfn.h>
23 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
26 #include <asm/proto.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sections.h>
33 * PFN of last memory page.
35 unsigned long end_pfn;
36 EXPORT_SYMBOL(end_pfn);
39 * end_pfn only includes RAM, while end_pfn_map includes all e820 entries.
40 * The direct mapping extends to end_pfn_map, so that we can directly access
41 * apertures, ACPI and other tables without having to play with fixmaps.
43 unsigned long end_pfn_map;
46 * Last pfn which the user wants to use.
48 static unsigned long __initdata end_user_pfn = MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT;
50 extern struct resource code_resource, data_resource;
52 /* Check for some hardcoded bad areas that early boot is not allowed to touch */
53 static inline int bad_addr(unsigned long *addrp, unsigned long size)
55 unsigned long addr = *addrp, last = addr + size;
57 /* various gunk below that needed for SMP startup */
59 *addrp = PAGE_ALIGN(0x8000);
63 /* direct mapping tables of the kernel */
64 if (last >= table_start<<PAGE_SHIFT && addr < table_end<<PAGE_SHIFT) {
65 *addrp = PAGE_ALIGN(table_end << PAGE_SHIFT);
70 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
71 if (boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader && boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image) {
72 unsigned long ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
73 unsigned long ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
74 unsigned long ramdisk_end = ramdisk_image+ramdisk_size;
76 if (last >= ramdisk_image && addr < ramdisk_end) {
77 *addrp = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_end);
83 if (last >= __pa_symbol(&_text) && addr < __pa_symbol(&_end)) {
84 *addrp = PAGE_ALIGN(__pa_symbol(&_end));
88 if (last >= ebda_addr && addr < ebda_addr + ebda_size) {
89 *addrp = PAGE_ALIGN(ebda_addr + ebda_size);
94 /* NUMA memory to node map */
95 if (last >= nodemap_addr && addr < nodemap_addr + nodemap_size) {
96 *addrp = nodemap_addr + nodemap_size;
100 /* XXX ramdisk image here? */
105 * This function checks if any part of the range <start,end> is mapped
109 e820_any_mapped(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned type)
112 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
113 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
114 if (type && ei->type != type)
116 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
122 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(e820_any_mapped);
125 * This function checks if the entire range <start,end> is mapped with type.
127 * Note: this function only works correct if the e820 table is sorted and
128 * not-overlapping, which is the case
130 int __init e820_all_mapped(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned type)
133 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
134 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
135 if (type && ei->type != type)
137 /* is the region (part) in overlap with the current region ?*/
138 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
141 /* if the region is at the beginning of <start,end> we move
142 * start to the end of the region since it's ok until there
144 if (ei->addr <= start)
145 start = ei->addr + ei->size;
146 /* if start is now at or beyond end, we're done, full coverage */
148 return 1; /* we're done */
154 * Find a free area in a specific range.
156 unsigned long __init find_e820_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned size)
159 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
160 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
161 unsigned long addr = ei->addr, last;
162 if (ei->type != E820_RAM)
166 if (addr > ei->addr + ei->size)
168 while (bad_addr(&addr, size) && addr+size <= ei->addr+ei->size)
170 last = PAGE_ALIGN(addr) + size;
171 if (last > ei->addr + ei->size)
181 * Find the highest page frame number we have available
183 unsigned long __init e820_end_of_ram(void)
185 unsigned long end_pfn = 0;
186 end_pfn = find_max_pfn_with_active_regions();
188 if (end_pfn > end_pfn_map)
189 end_pfn_map = end_pfn;
190 if (end_pfn_map > MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT)
191 end_pfn_map = MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT;
192 if (end_pfn > end_user_pfn)
193 end_pfn = end_user_pfn;
194 if (end_pfn > end_pfn_map)
195 end_pfn = end_pfn_map;
197 printk("end_pfn_map = %lu\n", end_pfn_map);
202 * Mark e820 reserved areas as busy for the resource manager.
204 void __init e820_reserve_resources(void)
207 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
208 struct resource *res;
209 res = alloc_bootmem_low(sizeof(struct resource));
210 switch (e820.map[i].type) {
211 case E820_RAM: res->name = "System RAM"; break;
212 case E820_ACPI: res->name = "ACPI Tables"; break;
213 case E820_NVS: res->name = "ACPI Non-volatile Storage"; break;
214 default: res->name = "reserved";
216 res->start = e820.map[i].addr;
217 res->end = res->start + e820.map[i].size - 1;
218 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
219 request_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
220 if (e820.map[i].type == E820_RAM) {
222 * We don't know which RAM region contains kernel data,
223 * so we try it repeatedly and let the resource manager
226 request_resource(res, &code_resource);
227 request_resource(res, &data_resource);
229 request_resource(res, &crashk_res);
236 * Find the ranges of physical addresses that do not correspond to
237 * e820 RAM areas and mark the corresponding pages as nosave for software
238 * suspend and suspend to RAM.
240 * This function requires the e820 map to be sorted and without any
241 * overlapping entries and assumes the first e820 area to be RAM.
243 void __init e820_mark_nosave_regions(void)
248 paddr = round_down(e820.map[0].addr + e820.map[0].size, PAGE_SIZE);
249 for (i = 1; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
250 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
252 if (paddr < ei->addr)
253 register_nosave_region(PFN_DOWN(paddr),
256 paddr = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE);
257 if (ei->type != E820_RAM)
258 register_nosave_region(PFN_UP(ei->addr),
261 if (paddr >= (end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT))
267 * Finds an active region in the address range from start_pfn to end_pfn and
268 * returns its range in ei_startpfn and ei_endpfn for the e820 entry.
270 static int __init e820_find_active_region(const struct e820entry *ei,
271 unsigned long start_pfn,
272 unsigned long end_pfn,
273 unsigned long *ei_startpfn,
274 unsigned long *ei_endpfn)
276 *ei_startpfn = round_up(ei->addr, PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
277 *ei_endpfn = round_down(ei->addr + ei->size, PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
279 /* Skip map entries smaller than a page */
280 if (*ei_startpfn >= *ei_endpfn)
283 /* Check if end_pfn_map should be updated */
284 if (ei->type != E820_RAM && *ei_endpfn > end_pfn_map)
285 end_pfn_map = *ei_endpfn;
287 /* Skip if map is outside the node */
288 if (ei->type != E820_RAM || *ei_endpfn <= start_pfn ||
289 *ei_startpfn >= end_pfn)
292 /* Check for overlaps */
293 if (*ei_startpfn < start_pfn)
294 *ei_startpfn = start_pfn;
295 if (*ei_endpfn > end_pfn)
296 *ei_endpfn = end_pfn;
298 /* Obey end_user_pfn to save on memmap */
299 if (*ei_startpfn >= end_user_pfn)
301 if (*ei_endpfn > end_user_pfn)
302 *ei_endpfn = end_user_pfn;
307 /* Walk the e820 map and register active regions within a node */
309 e820_register_active_regions(int nid, unsigned long start_pfn,
310 unsigned long end_pfn)
312 unsigned long ei_startpfn;
313 unsigned long ei_endpfn;
316 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++)
317 if (e820_find_active_region(&e820.map[i],
319 &ei_startpfn, &ei_endpfn))
320 add_active_range(nid, ei_startpfn, ei_endpfn);
324 * Add a memory region to the kernel e820 map.
326 void __init add_memory_region(unsigned long start, unsigned long size, int type)
331 printk(KERN_ERR "Ooops! Too many entries in the memory map!\n");
335 e820.map[x].addr = start;
336 e820.map[x].size = size;
337 e820.map[x].type = type;
342 * Find the hole size (in bytes) in the memory range.
343 * @start: starting address of the memory range to scan
344 * @end: ending address of the memory range to scan
346 unsigned long __init e820_hole_size(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
348 unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
349 unsigned long end_pfn = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
350 unsigned long ei_startpfn;
351 unsigned long ei_endpfn;
352 unsigned long ram = 0;
355 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
356 if (e820_find_active_region(&e820.map[i],
358 &ei_startpfn, &ei_endpfn))
359 ram += ei_endpfn - ei_startpfn;
361 return end - start - (ram << PAGE_SHIFT);
364 void __init e820_print_map(char *who)
368 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
369 printk(KERN_INFO " %s: %016Lx - %016Lx ", who,
370 (unsigned long long) e820.map[i].addr,
371 (unsigned long long) (e820.map[i].addr + e820.map[i].size));
372 switch (e820.map[i].type) {
373 case E820_RAM: printk("(usable)\n");
376 printk("(reserved)\n");
379 printk("(ACPI data)\n");
382 printk("(ACPI NVS)\n");
384 default: printk("type %u\n", e820.map[i].type);
391 * Sanitize the BIOS e820 map.
393 * Some e820 responses include overlapping entries. The following
394 * replaces the original e820 map with a new one, removing overlaps.
397 static int __init sanitize_e820_map(struct e820entry * biosmap, char * pnr_map)
399 struct change_member {
400 struct e820entry *pbios; /* pointer to original bios entry */
401 unsigned long long addr; /* address for this change point */
403 static struct change_member change_point_list[2*E820MAX] __initdata;
404 static struct change_member *change_point[2*E820MAX] __initdata;
405 static struct e820entry *overlap_list[E820MAX] __initdata;
406 static struct e820entry new_bios[E820MAX] __initdata;
407 struct change_member *change_tmp;
408 unsigned long current_type, last_type;
409 unsigned long long last_addr;
410 int chgidx, still_changing;
413 int old_nr, new_nr, chg_nr;
417 Visually we're performing the following (1,2,3,4 = memory types)...
419 Sample memory map (w/overlaps):
420 ____22__________________
421 ______________________4_
422 ____1111________________
423 _44_____________________
424 11111111________________
425 ____________________33__
426 ___________44___________
427 __________33333_________
428 ______________22________
429 ___________________2222_
430 _________111111111______
431 _____________________11_
432 _________________4______
434 Sanitized equivalent (no overlap):
435 1_______________________
436 _44_____________________
437 ___1____________________
438 ____22__________________
439 ______11________________
440 _________1______________
441 __________3_____________
442 ___________44___________
443 _____________33_________
444 _______________2________
445 ________________1_______
446 _________________4______
447 ___________________2____
448 ____________________33__
449 ______________________4_
452 /* if there's only one memory region, don't bother */
458 /* bail out if we find any unreasonable addresses in bios map */
459 for (i=0; i<old_nr; i++)
460 if (biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size < biosmap[i].addr)
463 /* create pointers for initial change-point information (for sorting) */
464 for (i=0; i < 2*old_nr; i++)
465 change_point[i] = &change_point_list[i];
467 /* record all known change-points (starting and ending addresses),
468 omitting those that are for empty memory regions */
470 for (i=0; i < old_nr; i++) {
471 if (biosmap[i].size != 0) {
472 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr;
473 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
474 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size;
475 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
480 /* sort change-point list by memory addresses (low -> high) */
482 while (still_changing) {
484 for (i=1; i < chg_nr; i++) {
485 /* if <current_addr> > <last_addr>, swap */
486 /* or, if current=<start_addr> & last=<end_addr>, swap */
487 if ((change_point[i]->addr < change_point[i-1]->addr) ||
488 ((change_point[i]->addr == change_point[i-1]->addr) &&
489 (change_point[i]->addr == change_point[i]->pbios->addr) &&
490 (change_point[i-1]->addr != change_point[i-1]->pbios->addr))
493 change_tmp = change_point[i];
494 change_point[i] = change_point[i-1];
495 change_point[i-1] = change_tmp;
501 /* create a new bios memory map, removing overlaps */
502 overlap_entries=0; /* number of entries in the overlap table */
503 new_bios_entry=0; /* index for creating new bios map entries */
504 last_type = 0; /* start with undefined memory type */
505 last_addr = 0; /* start with 0 as last starting address */
506 /* loop through change-points, determining affect on the new bios map */
507 for (chgidx=0; chgidx < chg_nr; chgidx++)
509 /* keep track of all overlapping bios entries */
510 if (change_point[chgidx]->addr == change_point[chgidx]->pbios->addr)
512 /* add map entry to overlap list (> 1 entry implies an overlap) */
513 overlap_list[overlap_entries++]=change_point[chgidx]->pbios;
517 /* remove entry from list (order independent, so swap with last) */
518 for (i=0; i<overlap_entries; i++)
520 if (overlap_list[i] == change_point[chgidx]->pbios)
521 overlap_list[i] = overlap_list[overlap_entries-1];
525 /* if there are overlapping entries, decide which "type" to use */
526 /* (larger value takes precedence -- 1=usable, 2,3,4,4+=unusable) */
528 for (i=0; i<overlap_entries; i++)
529 if (overlap_list[i]->type > current_type)
530 current_type = overlap_list[i]->type;
531 /* continue building up new bios map based on this information */
532 if (current_type != last_type) {
533 if (last_type != 0) {
534 new_bios[new_bios_entry].size =
535 change_point[chgidx]->addr - last_addr;
536 /* move forward only if the new size was non-zero */
537 if (new_bios[new_bios_entry].size != 0)
538 if (++new_bios_entry >= E820MAX)
539 break; /* no more space left for new bios entries */
541 if (current_type != 0) {
542 new_bios[new_bios_entry].addr = change_point[chgidx]->addr;
543 new_bios[new_bios_entry].type = current_type;
544 last_addr=change_point[chgidx]->addr;
546 last_type = current_type;
549 new_nr = new_bios_entry; /* retain count for new bios entries */
551 /* copy new bios mapping into original location */
552 memcpy(biosmap, new_bios, new_nr*sizeof(struct e820entry));
559 * Copy the BIOS e820 map into a safe place.
561 * Sanity-check it while we're at it..
563 * If we're lucky and live on a modern system, the setup code
564 * will have given us a memory map that we can use to properly
565 * set up memory. If we aren't, we'll fake a memory map.
567 static int __init copy_e820_map(struct e820entry * biosmap, int nr_map)
569 /* Only one memory region (or negative)? Ignore it */
574 unsigned long start = biosmap->addr;
575 unsigned long size = biosmap->size;
576 unsigned long end = start + size;
577 unsigned long type = biosmap->type;
579 /* Overflow in 64 bits? Ignore the memory map. */
583 add_memory_region(start, size, type);
584 } while (biosmap++,--nr_map);
588 void early_panic(char *msg)
594 void __init setup_memory_region(void)
597 * Try to copy the BIOS-supplied E820-map.
599 * Otherwise fake a memory map; one section from 0k->640k,
600 * the next section from 1mb->appropriate_mem_k
602 sanitize_e820_map(boot_params.e820_map, &boot_params.e820_entries);
603 if (copy_e820_map(boot_params.e820_map, boot_params.e820_entries) < 0)
604 early_panic("Cannot find a valid memory map");
605 printk(KERN_INFO "BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n");
606 e820_print_map("BIOS-e820");
609 static int __init parse_memopt(char *p)
613 end_user_pfn = memparse(p, &p);
614 end_user_pfn >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
617 early_param("mem", parse_memopt);
619 static int userdef __initdata;
621 static int __init parse_memmap_opt(char *p)
624 unsigned long long start_at, mem_size;
626 if (!strcmp(p, "exactmap")) {
627 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
628 /* If we are doing a crash dump, we
629 * still need to know the real mem
630 * size before original memory map is
633 e820_register_active_regions(0, 0, -1UL);
634 saved_max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram();
635 remove_all_active_ranges();
644 mem_size = memparse(p, &p);
648 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
649 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RAM);
650 } else if (*p == '#') {
651 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
652 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_ACPI);
653 } else if (*p == '$') {
654 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
655 add_memory_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RESERVED);
657 end_user_pfn = (mem_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
659 return *p == '\0' ? 0 : -EINVAL;
661 early_param("memmap", parse_memmap_opt);
663 void __init finish_e820_parsing(void)
666 printk(KERN_INFO "user-defined physical RAM map:\n");
667 e820_print_map("user");
671 unsigned long pci_mem_start = 0xaeedbabe;
672 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_mem_start);
675 * Search for the biggest gap in the low 32 bits of the e820
676 * memory space. We pass this space to PCI to assign MMIO resources
677 * for hotplug or unconfigured devices in.
678 * Hopefully the BIOS let enough space left.
680 __init void e820_setup_gap(void)
682 unsigned long gapstart, gapsize, round;
687 last = 0x100000000ull;
688 gapstart = 0x10000000;
692 unsigned long long start = e820.map[i].addr;
693 unsigned long long end = start + e820.map[i].size;
696 * Since "last" is at most 4GB, we know we'll
697 * fit in 32 bits if this condition is true
700 unsigned long gap = last - end;
713 gapstart = (end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + 1024*1024;
714 printk(KERN_ERR "PCI: Warning: Cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range\n"
715 KERN_ERR "PCI: Unassigned devices with 32bit resource registers may break!\n");
719 * See how much we want to round up: start off with
720 * rounding to the next 1MB area.
723 while ((gapsize >> 4) > round)
725 /* Fun with two's complement */
726 pci_mem_start = (gapstart + round) & -round;
728 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocating PCI resources starting at %lx (gap: %lx:%lx)\n",
729 pci_mem_start, gapstart, gapsize);