2 * USB Skeleton driver - 2.2
4 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
10 * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
11 * but has been rewritten to be easier to read and use.
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/errno.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/slab.h>
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/kref.h>
21 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
22 #include <linux/usb.h>
23 #include <linux/mutex.h>
26 /* Define these values to match your devices */
27 #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
28 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
30 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
31 static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
32 { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
33 { } /* Terminating entry */
35 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, skel_table);
37 /* to prevent a race between open and disconnect */
38 static DEFINE_MUTEX(skel_open_lock);
41 /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
42 #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
44 /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
45 #define MAX_TRANSFER (PAGE_SIZE - 512)
46 /* MAX_TRANSFER is chosen so that the VM is not stressed by
47 allocations > PAGE_SIZE and the number of packets in a page
48 is an integer 512 is the largest possible packet on EHCI */
49 #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
50 /* arbitrarily chosen */
52 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
54 struct usb_device *udev; /* the usb device for this device */
55 struct usb_interface *interface; /* the interface for this device */
56 struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
57 unsigned char *bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
58 size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
59 __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
60 __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
62 struct mutex io_mutex; /* synchronize I/O with disconnect */
64 #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
66 static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
68 static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
70 struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
72 usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
73 kfree(dev->bulk_in_buffer);
77 static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
80 struct usb_interface *interface;
84 subminor = iminor(inode);
86 mutex_lock(&skel_open_lock);
87 interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
89 mutex_unlock(&skel_open_lock);
90 err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
91 __FUNCTION__, subminor);
96 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
98 mutex_unlock(&skel_open_lock);
103 /* increment our usage count for the device */
104 kref_get(&dev->kref);
105 /* now we can drop the lock */
106 mutex_unlock(&skel_open_lock);
108 /* prevent the device from being autosuspended */
109 retval = usb_autopm_get_interface(interface);
111 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
115 /* save our object in the file's private structure */
116 file->private_data = dev;
122 static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
124 struct usb_skel *dev;
126 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
130 /* allow the device to be autosuspended */
131 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
133 usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
134 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
136 /* decrement the count on our device */
137 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
141 static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
143 struct usb_skel *dev;
147 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
149 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
150 if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
155 /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
156 retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
157 usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
159 min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
162 /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
164 if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
171 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
175 static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
177 struct usb_skel *dev;
179 dev = (struct usb_skel *)urb->context;
181 /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
183 !(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
184 urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
185 urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN)) {
186 err("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
187 __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
190 /* free up our allocated buffer */
191 usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
192 urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
196 static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
198 struct usb_skel *dev;
200 struct urb *urb = NULL;
202 size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
204 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
206 /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
210 /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
211 if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
212 retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
216 /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
217 urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
223 buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
229 if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
234 /* this lock makes sure we don't submit URBs to gone devices */
235 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
236 if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
237 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
242 /* initialize the urb properly */
243 usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
244 usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
245 buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
246 urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
248 /* send the data out the bulk port */
249 retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
250 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
252 err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
256 /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
264 usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
273 static const struct file_operations skel_fops = {
274 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
278 .release = skel_release,
282 * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
283 * and to have the device registered with the driver core
285 static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
288 .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
291 static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
293 struct usb_skel *dev;
294 struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
295 struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
298 int retval = -ENOMEM;
300 /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
301 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
303 err("Out of memory");
306 kref_init(&dev->kref);
307 sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
308 mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
310 dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
311 dev->interface = interface;
313 /* set up the endpoint information */
314 /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
315 iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
316 for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
317 endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
319 if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
320 usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(endpoint)) {
321 /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
322 buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
323 dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
324 dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
325 dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
326 if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
327 err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
332 if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
333 usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(endpoint)) {
334 /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
335 dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
338 if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
339 err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
343 /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
344 usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
346 /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
347 retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
349 /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
350 err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
351 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
355 /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
356 info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
361 /* this frees allocated memory */
362 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
366 static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
368 struct usb_skel *dev;
369 int minor = interface->minor;
371 /* prevent skel_open() from racing skel_disconnect() */
372 mutex_lock(&skel_open_lock);
374 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
375 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
377 /* give back our minor */
378 usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
379 mutex_unlock(&skel_open_lock);
381 /* prevent more I/O from starting */
382 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
383 dev->interface = NULL;
384 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
388 /* decrement our usage count */
389 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
391 info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
394 static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
397 .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
398 .id_table = skel_table,
399 .supports_autosuspend = 1,
402 static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
406 /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
407 result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
409 err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
414 static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
416 /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
417 usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
420 module_init(usb_skel_init);
421 module_exit(usb_skel_exit);
423 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");