2 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
4 * This is the low-level hd interrupt support. It traverses the
5 * request-list, using interrupts to jump between functions. As
6 * all the functions are called within interrupts, we may not
7 * sleep. Special care is recommended.
9 * modified by Drew Eckhardt to check nr of hd's from the CMOS.
11 * Thanks to Branko Lankester, lankeste@fwi.uva.nl, who found a bug
12 * in the early extended-partition checks and added DM partitions
14 * IRQ-unmask, drive-id, multiple-mode, support for ">16 heads",
15 * and general streamlining by Mark Lord.
17 * Removed 99% of above. Use Mark's ide driver for those options.
18 * This is now a lightweight ST-506 driver. (Paul Gortmaker)
20 * Modified 1995 Russell King for ARM processor.
22 * Bugfix: max_sectors must be <= 255 or the wheels tend to come
23 * off in a hurry once you queue things up - Paul G. 02/2001
26 /* Uncomment the following if you want verbose error reports. */
27 /* #define VERBOSE_ERRORS */
29 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
30 #include <linux/errno.h>
31 #include <linux/signal.h>
32 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
33 #include <linux/timer.h>
35 #include <linux/kernel.h>
36 #include <linux/genhd.h>
37 #include <linux/slab.h>
38 #include <linux/string.h>
39 #include <linux/ioport.h>
40 #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h> /* CMOS defines */
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/blkpg.h>
43 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
45 #define REALLY_SLOW_IO
46 #include <asm/system.h>
48 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
55 #define HD_IRQ IRQ_HARDDISK
58 /* Hd controller regster ports */
60 #define HD_DATA 0x1f0 /* _CTL when writing */
61 #define HD_ERROR 0x1f1 /* see err-bits */
62 #define HD_NSECTOR 0x1f2 /* nr of sectors to read/write */
63 #define HD_SECTOR 0x1f3 /* starting sector */
64 #define HD_LCYL 0x1f4 /* starting cylinder */
65 #define HD_HCYL 0x1f5 /* high byte of starting cyl */
66 #define HD_CURRENT 0x1f6 /* 101dhhhh , d=drive, hhhh=head */
67 #define HD_STATUS 0x1f7 /* see status-bits */
68 #define HD_FEATURE HD_ERROR /* same io address, read=error, write=feature */
69 #define HD_PRECOMP HD_FEATURE /* obsolete use of this port - predates IDE */
70 #define HD_COMMAND HD_STATUS /* same io address, read=status, write=cmd */
72 #define HD_CMD 0x3f6 /* used for resets */
73 #define HD_ALTSTATUS 0x3f6 /* same as HD_STATUS but doesn't clear irq */
75 /* Bits of HD_STATUS */
77 #define INDEX_STAT 0x02
78 #define ECC_STAT 0x04 /* Corrected error */
80 #define SEEK_STAT 0x10
81 #define SERVICE_STAT SEEK_STAT
82 #define WRERR_STAT 0x20
83 #define READY_STAT 0x40
84 #define BUSY_STAT 0x80
86 /* Bits for HD_ERROR */
87 #define MARK_ERR 0x01 /* Bad address mark */
88 #define TRK0_ERR 0x02 /* couldn't find track 0 */
89 #define ABRT_ERR 0x04 /* Command aborted */
90 #define MCR_ERR 0x08 /* media change request */
91 #define ID_ERR 0x10 /* ID field not found */
92 #define MC_ERR 0x20 /* media changed */
93 #define ECC_ERR 0x40 /* Uncorrectable ECC error */
94 #define BBD_ERR 0x80 /* pre-EIDE meaning: block marked bad */
95 #define ICRC_ERR 0x80 /* new meaning: CRC error during transfer */
97 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(hd_lock);
98 static struct request_queue *hd_queue;
100 #define MAJOR_NR HD_MAJOR
101 #define QUEUE (hd_queue)
102 #define CURRENT elv_next_request(hd_queue)
104 #define TIMEOUT_VALUE (6*HZ)
107 #define MAX_ERRORS 16 /* Max read/write errors/sector */
108 #define RESET_FREQ 8 /* Reset controller every 8th retry */
109 #define RECAL_FREQ 4 /* Recalibrate every 4th retry */
112 #define STAT_OK (READY_STAT|SEEK_STAT)
113 #define OK_STATUS(s) (((s)&(STAT_OK|(BUSY_STAT|WRERR_STAT|ERR_STAT)))==STAT_OK)
115 static void recal_intr(void);
116 static void bad_rw_intr(void);
122 * This struct defines the HD's and their types.
125 unsigned int head,sect,cyl,wpcom,lzone,ctl;
132 static struct hd_i_struct hd_info[] = { HD_TYPE };
133 static int NR_HD = ((sizeof (hd_info))/(sizeof (struct hd_i_struct)));
135 static struct hd_i_struct hd_info[MAX_HD];
139 static struct gendisk *hd_gendisk[MAX_HD];
141 static struct timer_list device_timer;
143 #define TIMEOUT_VALUE (6*HZ)
147 mod_timer(&device_timer, jiffies + TIMEOUT_VALUE); \
150 static void (*do_hd)(void) = NULL;
151 #define SET_HANDLER(x) \
152 if ((do_hd = (x)) != NULL) \
155 del_timer(&device_timer);
159 unsigned long last_req;
161 unsigned long read_timer(void)
163 extern spinlock_t i8253_lock;
164 unsigned long t, flags;
167 spin_lock_irqsave(&i8253_lock, flags);
172 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&i8253_lock, flags);
177 static void __init hd_setup(char *str, int *ints)
183 if (hd_info[0].head != 0)
185 hd_info[hdind].head = ints[2];
186 hd_info[hdind].sect = ints[3];
187 hd_info[hdind].cyl = ints[1];
188 hd_info[hdind].wpcom = 0;
189 hd_info[hdind].lzone = ints[1];
190 hd_info[hdind].ctl = (ints[2] > 8 ? 8 : 0);
194 static void dump_status (const char *msg, unsigned int stat)
198 name = CURRENT->rq_disk->disk_name;
200 #ifdef VERBOSE_ERRORS
201 printk("%s: %s: status=0x%02x { ", name, msg, stat & 0xff);
202 if (stat & BUSY_STAT) printk("Busy ");
203 if (stat & READY_STAT) printk("DriveReady ");
204 if (stat & WRERR_STAT) printk("WriteFault ");
205 if (stat & SEEK_STAT) printk("SeekComplete ");
206 if (stat & DRQ_STAT) printk("DataRequest ");
207 if (stat & ECC_STAT) printk("CorrectedError ");
208 if (stat & INDEX_STAT) printk("Index ");
209 if (stat & ERR_STAT) printk("Error ");
211 if ((stat & ERR_STAT) == 0) {
214 hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR);
215 printk("%s: %s: error=0x%02x { ", name, msg, hd_error & 0xff);
216 if (hd_error & BBD_ERR) printk("BadSector ");
217 if (hd_error & ECC_ERR) printk("UncorrectableError ");
218 if (hd_error & ID_ERR) printk("SectorIdNotFound ");
219 if (hd_error & ABRT_ERR) printk("DriveStatusError ");
220 if (hd_error & TRK0_ERR) printk("TrackZeroNotFound ");
221 if (hd_error & MARK_ERR) printk("AddrMarkNotFound ");
223 if (hd_error & (BBD_ERR|ECC_ERR|ID_ERR|MARK_ERR)) {
224 printk(", CHS=%d/%d/%d", (inb(HD_HCYL)<<8) + inb(HD_LCYL),
225 inb(HD_CURRENT) & 0xf, inb(HD_SECTOR));
227 printk(", sector=%ld", CURRENT->sector);
232 printk("%s: %s: status=0x%02x.\n", name, msg, stat & 0xff);
233 if ((stat & ERR_STAT) == 0) {
236 hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR);
237 printk("%s: %s: error=0x%02x.\n", name, msg, hd_error & 0xff);
242 static void check_status(void)
244 int i = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
247 dump_status("check_status", i);
252 static int controller_busy(void)
254 int retries = 100000;
255 unsigned char status;
258 status = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
259 } while ((status & BUSY_STAT) && --retries);
263 static int status_ok(void)
265 unsigned char status = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
267 if (status & BUSY_STAT)
268 return 1; /* Ancient, but does it make sense??? */
269 if (status & WRERR_STAT)
271 if (!(status & READY_STAT))
273 if (!(status & SEEK_STAT))
278 static int controller_ready(unsigned int drive, unsigned int head)
283 if (controller_busy() & BUSY_STAT)
285 outb_p(0xA0 | (drive<<4) | head, HD_CURRENT);
293 static void hd_out(struct hd_i_struct *disk,
299 void (*intr_addr)(void))
304 while (read_timer() - last_req < HD_DELAY)
309 if (!controller_ready(disk->unit, head)) {
313 SET_HANDLER(intr_addr);
314 outb_p(disk->ctl,HD_CMD);
316 outb_p(disk->wpcom>>2,++port);
317 outb_p(nsect,++port);
320 outb_p(cyl>>8,++port);
321 outb_p(0xA0|(disk->unit<<4)|head,++port);
325 static void hd_request (void);
327 static int drive_busy(void)
332 for (i = 0; i < 500000 ; i++) {
333 c = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
334 if ((c & (BUSY_STAT | READY_STAT | SEEK_STAT)) == STAT_OK)
337 dump_status("reset timed out", c);
341 static void reset_controller(void)
346 for(i = 0; i < 1000; i++) barrier();
347 outb_p(hd_info[0].ctl & 0x0f,HD_CMD);
348 for(i = 0; i < 1000; i++) barrier();
350 printk("hd: controller still busy\n");
351 else if ((hd_error = inb(HD_ERROR)) != 1)
352 printk("hd: controller reset failed: %02x\n",hd_error);
355 static void reset_hd(void)
370 struct hd_i_struct *disk = &hd_info[i];
371 disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
372 hd_out(disk,disk->sect,disk->sect,disk->head-1,
373 disk->cyl,WIN_SPECIFY,&reset_hd);
381 * Ok, don't know what to do with the unexpected interrupts: on some machines
382 * doing a reset and a retry seems to result in an eternal loop. Right now I
383 * ignore it, and just set the timeout.
385 * On laptops (and "green" PCs), an unexpected interrupt occurs whenever the
386 * drive enters "idle", "standby", or "sleep" mode, so if the status looks
387 * "good", we just ignore the interrupt completely.
389 static void unexpected_hd_interrupt(void)
391 unsigned int stat = inb_p(HD_STATUS);
393 if (stat & (BUSY_STAT|DRQ_STAT|ECC_STAT|ERR_STAT)) {
394 dump_status ("unexpected interrupt", stat);
400 * bad_rw_intr() now tries to be a bit smarter and does things
401 * according to the error returned by the controller.
402 * -Mika Liljeberg (liljeber@cs.Helsinki.FI)
404 static void bad_rw_intr(void)
406 struct request *req = CURRENT;
408 struct hd_i_struct *disk = req->rq_disk->private_data;
409 if (++req->errors >= MAX_ERRORS || (hd_error & BBD_ERR)) {
411 disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
412 } else if (req->errors % RESET_FREQ == 0)
414 else if ((hd_error & TRK0_ERR) || req->errors % RECAL_FREQ == 0)
415 disk->special_op = disk->recalibrate = 1;
416 /* Otherwise just retry */
420 static inline int wait_DRQ(void)
422 int retries = 100000, stat;
424 while (--retries > 0)
425 if ((stat = inb_p(HD_STATUS)) & DRQ_STAT)
427 dump_status("wait_DRQ", stat);
431 static void read_intr(void)
434 int i, retries = 100000;
437 i = (unsigned) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
444 } while (--retries > 0);
445 dump_status("read_intr", i);
451 insw(HD_DATA,req->buffer,256);
455 i = --req->nr_sectors;
456 --req->current_nr_sectors;
458 printk("%s: read: sector %ld, remaining = %ld, buffer=%p\n",
459 req->rq_disk->disk_name, req->sector, req->nr_sectors,
462 if (req->current_nr_sectors <= 0)
465 SET_HANDLER(&read_intr);
468 (void) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
470 last_req = read_timer();
472 if (elv_next_request(QUEUE))
477 static void write_intr(void)
479 struct request *req = CURRENT;
481 int retries = 100000;
484 i = (unsigned) inb_p(HD_STATUS);
489 if ((req->nr_sectors <= 1) || (i & DRQ_STAT))
491 } while (--retries > 0);
492 dump_status("write_intr", i);
498 i = --req->nr_sectors;
499 --req->current_nr_sectors;
501 if (!i || (req->bio && req->current_nr_sectors <= 0))
504 SET_HANDLER(&write_intr);
505 outsw(HD_DATA,req->buffer,256);
509 last_req = read_timer();
516 static void recal_intr(void)
520 last_req = read_timer();
526 * This is another of the error-routines I don't know what to do with. The
527 * best idea seems to just set reset, and start all over again.
529 static void hd_times_out(unsigned long dummy)
541 name = CURRENT->rq_disk->disk_name;
542 printk("%s: timeout\n", name);
543 if (++CURRENT->errors >= MAX_ERRORS) {
545 printk("%s: too many errors\n", name);
547 end_request(CURRENT, 0);
554 static int do_special_op(struct hd_i_struct *disk, struct request *req)
556 if (disk->recalibrate) {
557 disk->recalibrate = 0;
558 hd_out(disk,disk->sect,0,0,0,WIN_RESTORE,&recal_intr);
561 if (disk->head > 16) {
562 printk ("%s: cannot handle device with more than 16 heads - giving up\n", req->rq_disk->disk_name);
565 disk->special_op = 0;
570 * The driver enables interrupts as much as possible. In order to do this,
571 * (a) the device-interrupt is disabled before entering hd_request(),
572 * and (b) the timeout-interrupt is disabled before the sti().
574 * Interrupts are still masked (by default) whenever we are exchanging
575 * data/cmds with a drive, because some drives seem to have very poor
576 * tolerance for latency during I/O. The IDE driver has support to unmask
577 * interrupts for non-broken hardware, so use that driver if required.
579 static void hd_request(void)
581 unsigned int block, nsect, sec, track, head, cyl;
582 struct hd_i_struct *disk;
588 del_timer(&device_timer);
602 disk = req->rq_disk->private_data;
604 nsect = req->nr_sectors;
605 if (block >= get_capacity(req->rq_disk) ||
606 ((block+nsect) > get_capacity(req->rq_disk))) {
607 printk("%s: bad access: block=%d, count=%d\n",
608 req->rq_disk->disk_name, block, nsect);
613 if (disk->special_op) {
614 if (do_special_op(disk, req))
618 sec = block % disk->sect + 1;
619 track = block / disk->sect;
620 head = track % disk->head;
621 cyl = track / disk->head;
623 printk("%s: %sing: CHS=%d/%d/%d, sectors=%d, buffer=%p\n",
624 req->rq_disk->disk_name, (req->cmd == READ)?"read":"writ",
625 cyl, head, sec, nsect, req->buffer);
627 if (req->flags & REQ_CMD) {
628 switch (rq_data_dir(req)) {
630 hd_out(disk,nsect,sec,head,cyl,WIN_READ,&read_intr);
635 hd_out(disk,nsect,sec,head,cyl,WIN_WRITE,&write_intr);
642 outsw(HD_DATA,req->buffer,256);
645 printk("unknown hd-command\n");
652 static void do_hd_request (request_queue_t * q)
659 static int hd_ioctl(struct inode * inode, struct file * file,
660 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
662 struct hd_i_struct *disk = inode->i_bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
663 struct hd_geometry __user *loc = (struct hd_geometry __user *) arg;
664 struct hd_geometry g;
666 if (cmd != HDIO_GETGEO)
670 g.heads = disk->head;
671 g.sectors = disk->sect;
672 g.cylinders = disk->cyl;
673 g.start = get_start_sect(inode->i_bdev);
674 return copy_to_user(loc, &g, sizeof g) ? -EFAULT : 0;
678 * Releasing a block device means we sync() it, so that it can safely
679 * be forgotten about...
682 static irqreturn_t hd_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
684 void (*handler)(void) = do_hd;
687 del_timer(&device_timer);
689 handler = unexpected_hd_interrupt;
695 static struct block_device_operations hd_fops = {
700 * This is the hard disk IRQ description. The SA_INTERRUPT in sa_flags
701 * means we run the IRQ-handler with interrupts disabled: this is bad for
702 * interrupt latency, but anything else has led to problems on some
705 * We enable interrupts in some of the routines after making sure it's
709 static int __init hd_init(void)
713 if (register_blkdev(MAJOR_NR,"hd"))
716 hd_queue = blk_init_queue(do_hd_request, &hd_lock);
718 unregister_blkdev(MAJOR_NR,"hd");
722 blk_queue_max_sectors(hd_queue, 255);
723 init_timer(&device_timer);
724 device_timer.function = hd_times_out;
725 blk_queue_hardsect_size(hd_queue, 512);
729 extern struct drive_info drive_info;
730 unsigned char *BIOS = (unsigned char *) &drive_info;
734 for (drive=0 ; drive<2 ; drive++) {
735 hd_info[drive].cyl = *(unsigned short *) BIOS;
736 hd_info[drive].head = *(2+BIOS);
737 hd_info[drive].wpcom = *(unsigned short *) (5+BIOS);
738 hd_info[drive].ctl = *(8+BIOS);
739 hd_info[drive].lzone = *(unsigned short *) (12+BIOS);
740 hd_info[drive].sect = *(14+BIOS);
741 #ifdef does_not_work_for_everybody_with_scsi_but_helps_ibm_vp
742 if (hd_info[drive].cyl && NR_HD == drive)
749 We query CMOS about hard disks : it could be that
750 we have a SCSI/ESDI/etc controller that is BIOS
751 compatible with ST-506, and thus showing up in our
752 BIOS table, but not register compatible, and therefore
755 Furthermore, we will assume that our ST-506 drives
756 <if any> are the primary drives in the system, and
757 the ones reflected as drive 1 or 2.
759 The first drive is stored in the high nibble of CMOS
760 byte 0x12, the second in the low nibble. This will be
761 either a 4 bit drive type or 0xf indicating use byte 0x19
762 for an 8 bit type, drive 1, 0x1a for drive 2 in CMOS.
764 Needless to say, a non-zero value means we have
765 an AT controller hard disk for that drive.
767 Currently the rtc_lock is a bit academic since this
768 driver is non-modular, but someday... ? Paul G.
771 spin_lock_irqsave(&rtc_lock, flags);
772 cmos_disks = CMOS_READ(0x12);
773 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rtc_lock, flags);
775 if (cmos_disks & 0xf0) {
776 if (cmos_disks & 0x0f)
782 #endif /* __i386__ */
785 /* We don't know anything about the drive. This means
786 * that you *MUST* specify the drive parameters to the
789 printk("hd: no drives specified - use hd=cyl,head,sectors"
790 " on kernel command line\n");
796 for (drive=0 ; drive < NR_HD ; drive++) {
797 struct gendisk *disk = alloc_disk(64);
798 struct hd_i_struct *p = &hd_info[drive];
801 disk->major = MAJOR_NR;
802 disk->first_minor = drive << 6;
803 disk->fops = &hd_fops;
804 sprintf(disk->disk_name, "hd%c", 'a'+drive);
805 disk->private_data = p;
806 set_capacity(disk, p->head * p->sect * p->cyl);
807 disk->queue = hd_queue;
809 hd_gendisk[drive] = disk;
810 printk ("%s: %luMB, CHS=%d/%d/%d\n",
811 disk->disk_name, (unsigned long)get_capacity(disk)/2048,
812 p->cyl, p->head, p->sect);
815 if (request_irq(HD_IRQ, hd_interrupt, SA_INTERRUPT, "hd", NULL)) {
816 printk("hd: unable to get IRQ%d for the hard disk driver\n",
820 if (!request_region(HD_DATA, 8, "hd")) {
821 printk(KERN_WARNING "hd: port 0x%x busy\n", HD_DATA);
824 if (!request_region(HD_CMD, 1, "hd(cmd)")) {
825 printk(KERN_WARNING "hd: port 0x%x busy\n", HD_CMD);
830 for(drive=0; drive < NR_HD; drive++)
831 add_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
836 release_region(HD_DATA, 8);
838 free_irq(HD_IRQ, NULL);
840 for (drive = 0; drive < NR_HD; drive++)
841 put_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
844 del_timer(&device_timer);
845 unregister_blkdev(MAJOR_NR,"hd");
846 blk_cleanup_queue(hd_queue);
850 put_disk(hd_gendisk[drive]);
854 static int __init parse_hd_setup (char *line) {
857 (void) get_options(line, ARRAY_SIZE(ints), ints);
858 hd_setup(NULL, ints);
862 __setup("hd=", parse_hd_setup);
864 module_init(hd_init);